The role of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue measurements and their ratio by magnetic resonance imaging in subjects with prediabetes, diabetes and healthy controls from a general population without cardiovascular disease.

Abstract

Objective: To study the relationship of area- and volumetric-based visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SAT) by MRI and their ratio in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism from the general population.Methods: Subjects from a population-based cohort with established prediabetes, diabetes and healthy controls without prior cardiovascular diseases underwent 3 T MRI. VAT and SAT were assessed as total volume and area on a single slice, and their ratio (VAT/SAT) was calculated. Clinical covariates and cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension and glycemic state were assessed in standardized fashion, Univariate and adjusted analyses were conducted.Results: Among 384 subjects (age: 56.2 +/- 9.2 years, 581% male) with complete MRI data available, volumetric and single-slice VAT, SAT and VAT/SAT ratio were strongly correlated (all >r = 0.89), Similarly, VAT/SAT(volum)(e). ratio was strongly correlated with VAT(volume), but not with SAT (r = 0.72 and r = -0.21, respectively). Significant higher levels of VAT, SAT and VAT/SAT ratio were found in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (all p <= 0.01). After adjustment for potential cardiovascular confounders, VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT(volume) ratio remained significantly higher in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism (VAT(volume) = 6.9 +/- 2.5 I and 3.4 +/- 2.3 I; VAT/SAT(volume) ratio = 0.82 +/- 0.34 I and 0.49 +/- 0,29 I in patients with diabetes and controls, respectively, all p < 0.02), whereas the association for SAT(volume) attenuated. Additionally, there was a decreasing effect of glycemic status on VAT/SAT(volume) ratio with increasing body mass index and waist circumference (p < 0.05).Conclusions: VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT volume ratio are associated with impaired glucose metabolism, independent of cardiovascular risk factors or MRI-based quantification technique, with a decreasing effect of VAT/SAT(volume) ratio in obese subjects.Advances in knowledge: Quantification of VAT(volume) and VAT/SAT(volume). ratio by MRI represents a reproducable biomarker associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in subjects with impaired glucose metabolism, while the association of VAT/SAT(volume) ratio with glycemic state is attenuated in obese subjects