Cutaneous sarcoidosis is a common presentation for patients with sarcoidosis. Rarely, patients can present with psoriasiform lesions mimicking chronic plaque psoriasis. Here, we present a case of psoriasiform sarcoidosis in a pregnant patient. Pregnancy represents a unique challenge to systemic treatments if topical management fails. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors warrant special consideration during pregnancy

Albornoz, Christian A.

Keller, Matthew

Wang, Jordan

English

Jefferson Digital Commons

Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology 7-4-2018 Psoriasiform Sarcoidosis Presenting in Pregnancy and Treatment Considerations Christian A. Albornoz Jordan Wang Matthew Keller Follow this and additional works at: https://jdc.jefferson.edu/dcbfp  Part of the Dermatology Commons, and the Obstetrics and Gynecology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits you This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Jefferson Digital Commons. The Jefferson Digital Commons is a service of Thomas Jefferson University's Center for Teaching and Learning (CTL). The Commons is a showcase for Jefferson books and journals, peer-reviewed scholarly publications, unique historical collections from the University archives, and teaching tools. The Jefferson Digital Commons allows researchers and interested readers anywhere in the world to learn about and keep up to date with Jefferson scholarship. This article has been accepted for inclusion in Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of the Jefferson Digital Commons. For more information, please contact: JeffersonDigitalCommons@jefferson.edu. Albornoz et al. J Dermatol Res Ther 2018, 4:057Volume 4 | Issue 2DOI: 10.23937/2469-5750/1510057Journal ofDermatology Research and TherapyCitation: Albornoz CA, Wang JV, Keller M (2018) Psoriasiform Sarcoidosis Presenting in Pregnancy and Treatment Considerations. J Dermatol Res Ther 4:057. doi.org/10.23937/2469-5750/1510057Accepted: July 02, 2018: Published: July 04, 2018Copyright: © 2018 Albornoz CA, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Albornoz et al. J Dermatol Res Ther 2018, 4:057Open AccessISSN: 2469-5750• Page 1 of 3 •Psoriasiform Sarcoidosis Presenting in Pregnancy and Treatment ConsiderationsChristian A Albornoz1, Jordan V Wang2* and Matthew Keller21Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA2Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA*Corresponding author: Jordan V Wang, MD, MBE, MBA, Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 833 Chestnut Street, Suite 740, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA, Tel: (215)-955-6680, E-mail: jordan.wang@jefferson.edu AbstractCutaneous sarcoidosis is a common presentation for pa-tients with sarcoidosis. Rarely, patients can present with psoriasiform lesions mimicking chronic plaque psoriasis. Here, we present a case of psoriasiform sarcoidosis in a pregnant patient. Pregnancy represents a unique challenge to systemic treatments if topical management fails. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitors warrant special consider-ation during pregnancy.KeywordsSarcoidosis, Psoriasis, Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, High-risk pregnancyqday, and insulin. Physical examination revealed large, well-demarcated, hyperpigmented plaques with mica-ceous scale on her upper extremities, knee, neck, and back (Figure 1). There were also thin hyperpigmented plaques on her temple, nose, cheeks, and chin. A punch biopsy of the arm showed granulomatous inflammation consisting of histiocytes and lymphocytes in discrete aggregations and abutting the hyperkeratotic and pso-riasiform epidermis (Figure 2). Clinical pathologic corre-lation was consistent with psoriasiform sarcoidosis.The patient was started on topical corticosteroids and continued on hydroxychloroquine. The prednisone was to be tapered. At follow-up, there was moderate improvement of skin lesions with near complete reso-lution of scaling, but still with significant classic sarcoi-dal appearance. Due to active pulmonary lesions, her CAse RepoRtCheck forupdatesIntroductionSarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease cha-racterized by granuloma formation in multiple organs of the body, with a predilection for the lungs, skin, and eyes. Cutaneous sarcoidosis presents in myriad forms, appearing in about 25% of patients, while psoriasiform lesions are a rare manifestation in only about 0.9% [1]. We report the case of a 40-year-old woman at 10-we-eks’ gestation with psoriasiform sarcoidosis.Case ReportA 40-year-old African-American woman at 10-we-eks gestation with a history including active pulmonary sarcoidosis and diabetes was referred for several-year history of skin lesions by maternal-fetal medicine, whi-ch recently became scalier. Her medications included hydroxychloroquine 200 mg qday, prednisone 20 mg          Figure 1: Well-demarcated, hyperpigmented plaques with micaceous scale on upper extremities.ISSN: 2469-5750DOI: 10.23937/2469-5750/1510057Albornoz et al. J Dermatol Res Ther 2018, 4:057 • Page 2 of 3 •sional corticosteroids, whose benefits can often be seen in a matter of weeks [9]. While methotrexate and an-ti-malarials are also widely used, evidence for their effi-cacy is limited [10]. Recently, the spotlight has focused on TNF-α inhibitors, such as infliximab and adalimumab. The pivotal role of TNF-α in mediating the formation and maintenance of sarcoidal granulomas makes it an exciting therapeutic target [11]. Numerous studies have shown extremely promising benefits for patients recal-citrant to first and second line treatments [12-15].Our patient presented at 10-weeks gestation with psoriasiform sarcoidosis, and she showed an incomple-te response from topical steroids and hydroxychloro-quine. The ensuing discussion with a multi-disciplinary team should revolve around increasing the dose of hy-droxychloroquine versus considering a TNF-α inhibitor. However, pregnancy requires special consideration due to additional concerns regarding the risks to the fetus. Studies comparing TNF-α inhibitors to placebo in pre-gnant patients with irritable bowel disease and rheuma-toid arthritis have not consistently shown strong asso-ciations with rates of preterm birth, spontaneous mi-scarriage, and congenital anomalies [16-19]. However, it has generally been recommended that TNF-α inhibi-tors be stopped in the second or third trimester when placental transfer is greatest. Certolizumab, a fragment of a monoclonal antibody specific to TNF-α, may not need to be stopped, since it does not as readily cross the placenta [19-21]. The decision to start TNF-α inhibitors in recalcitrant cases should be made on a case-by-case basis with multi-disciplinary input.Authorship StatementAll authors have contributed equally to this work.Funding SourcesNone.Conflict of Interest DisclosureNone.treatment was to be discussed with pulmonology and maternal-fetal medicine regarding the decision to incre-ase hydroxychloroquine or start a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitor.DiscussionWhile the etiology of sarcoidosis has yet to be ful-ly elucidated, environmental exposures and infectious agents have been suspected [2]. The presence of non-caseating granulomas is firmly established as the key pathologic finding. These characteristic sarcoidal granulomas consist predominantly of macrophages and epithelioid cells with peripherally surrounding lym-phocytes. The pathological process begins when an unk-nown sarcoidal antigen is phagocytosed by antigen-pre-senting cells. This subsequently stimulates CD4+ T cells into secreting Th1-associated cytokines, such as IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, interferon gamma, and TNF-α, leading to the formation of the characteristic sarcoidal granulo-mas [3]. Many of these cytokines are also elevated in psoriasis, producing irregular hyperproliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes with histopathology de-monstrating parakeratosis, intraepidermal neutrophilic infiltrations, and hypogranulosis [4].Investigations into the overlap between sarcoidosis and psoriasis have focused heavily on the similar pa-thologic roles of Th1 cells. Both disorders have been associated with specific gene polymorphisms, such as IL23R, and psoriasis itself has been linked with 14 other autoimmune conditions, further strengthening the ar-gument for shared pathways [5,6]. Paradoxically, sarcoi-dosis and psoriasis have both been reported after the initiation of TNF-α inhibitors, hinting again at homolo-gous pathologic factors [7]. A previous report theorized that overexpression of TNF-α from both diseases may be responsible for the psoriasiform lesions arising in areas of cutaneous sarcoidosis [8].For now, the goal of treating sarcoidosis focuses on suppressing symptoms, as the underlying cause remains elusive. First line therapy consists of topical and intrale-         A BFigure 2: Granulomatous inflammation consisting of histiocytes and lymphocytes in discrete aggregations and abutting the hyperkeratotic and psoriasiform epidermis. (A) H&E, original magnification x4; (B) H&E, original magnification x20.ISSN: 2469-5750DOI: 10.23937/2469-5750/1510057Albornoz et al. J Dermatol Res Ther 2018, 4:057 • Page 3 of 3 •11. Wallis RS, Ehlers S (2005) Tumor necrosis factor and gra-nuloma biology: Explaining the differential infection risk of etanercept and infliximab. Semin Arthritis Rheum 34: 34-38.12. Baughman RP, Lower EE (2001) Infliximab for refractory sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis 18: 70-74.13. Doty JD, Mazur JE, Judson MA (2005) Treatment of sarcoi-dosis with infliximab. Chest 127: 1064-1071.14. Mallbris L, Ljungberg A, Hedblad MA, Larsson P, Ståhl-e-Bäckdahl M (2003) Progressive cutaneous sarcoidosis responding to anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy. J Am Acad Dermatol 48: 290-293.15. Haley H, Cantrell W, Smith K (2004) Infliximab therapy for sarcoidosis (lupus pernio). Br J Dermatol 150: 146-149.16. Vinet E, Pineau C, Gordon C, Clarke AE, Bernatsky S (2009) Biologic therapy and pregnancy outcomes in women with rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum 61: 587-592.17. Raja H, Matteson EL, Michet CJ, Smith JR, Pulido JS (2012) Safety of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors during pre-gnancy and breastfeeding. Transl Vis Sci Technol 1: 6.18. Androulakis I, Zavos C, Christopoulos P, Mastorakos G, Gazouli M (2015) Safety of anti-tumor necrosis factor the-rapy during pregnancy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 21: 13205-13211.19. Gisbert JP, Chaparro M (2013) Safety of anti-TNF agents during pregnancy and breastfeeding in women with inflam-matory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 108: 1426-1438.20. Clowse ME, Wolf DC, Förger F, Cush JJ, Golembesky A, et al. (2015) Pregnancy outcomes in subjects exposed to certolizumab pegol. J Rheumatol 42: 2270-2278.21. Mahadevan U, Wolf DC, Dubinsky M, Cortot A, Lee SD, et al. (2013) Placental transfer of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in pregnant patients with inflammatory bowel disea-se. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 11: 286-292.References1. Hanno R, Needelman A, Eiferman RA, Callen JP (1981) Cutaneous sarcoidal granulomas and the development of systemic sarcoidosis. Arch Dermatol 117: 203-207.2. Haimovic A, Sanchez M, Judson MA, Prystowsky S (2012) Sarcoidosis: A comprehensive review and update for the dermatologist: Part I. Cutaneous disease. J Am Acad Der-matol 66: 699.e1-699.e18.3. Wanat KA, Schaffer A, Richardson V, VanVoorhees A, Ro-senbach M (2013) Sarcoidosis and psoriasis: A case series and review of the literature exploring co-incidence vs coin-cidence. JAMA Dermatol 149: 848-852.4. Lowes MA, Bowcock AM, Krueger JG (2007) Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis. Nature 445: 866-873.5. Kim HS, Choi D, Lim LL, Allada G, Smith JR, et al. (2011) Association of interleukin 23 receptor gene with sarcoido-sis. Dis Markers 31: 17-24.6. Wu JJ, Nguyen TU, Poon KY, Herrinton LJ (2012) The association of psoriasis with autoimmune diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 67: 924-930.7. Wollina U, Hansel G, Koch A, Schönlebe J, Köstler E, et al. (2008) Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor-induced psori-asis or psoriasiform exanthemata: First 120 cases from the literature including a series of six new patients. Am J Clin Dermatol 9: 1-14.8. Vega ML, Abrahams J, Keller M (2016) Psoriasiform sar-coidosis: Collision of two entities or expression of one com-mon pathogenesis? J Clin Aesthet Dermatol 9: 55-57.9. Russo G, Millikan LE (1994) Cutaneous sarcoidosis: Dia-gnosis and treatment. Compr Ther 20: 418-421. 10. Mosam A, Morar N (2004) Recalcitrant cutaneous sarcoi-dosis: An evidence-based sequential approach. J Derma-tolog Treat 15: 353-359.

Psoriasiform Sarcoidosis Presenting in Pregnancy and Treatment Considerations

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Psoriasiform Sarcoidosis Presenting in Pregnancy and Treatment Considerations

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