Haudenosaunee,  you say?  And how do you spell that?  I asked. That was my response to Thadodahho at Onondaga in the summer of 1983 as he raised my consciousness about the name Iroquois as used by the French and the name Haudenosaunee as the People name themselves

Irby, Charles C.

English

The issues affecting ethnics, minorities, and the poor have changed little throughout the years; the primary issue, undergirding all others, however, is social Justice and its attainment. We are hopeful that the membership will share with others the celebration of ethnicity provided in this issue of the Journal, for ethnicity is more than an academic concern

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THE EDITOR NOTES The issues affect ing ethnics , minorit i es , and the poor have changed little throughout the years ; the pri­mary issue ,  undergirding all others , however ,  i s  s o c i a l  justice and its att ainment . We are hopeful t h a t  t h e  membership will share with others t h e  ce lebrat i o n  o f  ethnicity provided i n  this i ssue of the j ournal ,  f o r  ethnicity is more than an academic concern . As a visionary organ izat ion , NAIES seeks solutions to problems relating to social jus t i ce and the wedding of the academic and non-academ i c  commun i t i es . The authors for this issue of Ezp ZoPa t ions have presen t e d  information reflecting the concerns of t h e  organi za t i on as a whole , but this information equals nothi ng i f  you file it convenient ly upon your we l l-organ ized booksh el f . Charles C .  l rby 73 

THE EDITOR NOTES

I thank George Carter for his willingness to give advice to the new editorial staff, in his last editorial for Explorations (Vol. 3, No. 2.). concerning the frustrating experiences we would have in attempting to produce a quality journal. This is our premier edition. and we trust that it will improve with age

T h e  E d i t o r  N o t e s  I t h a n k  G e o rg e  C a r t e r  f o r  h i s  w i l l i n g n e s s t o  g i v e a d v i c e  t o  t h e  n e w  e d i to r i a l  s t a f f . i n  h i s  l a s t  e d i t o r i a l  f o r  Explora tio ns ( V o l  3 ,  N o . 2 ) . conce rn i ng t h e  f r u s t r a t i n g  e x p e r i e n c e s  w e  w o u l d  h a v e  i n  a t t e m p t i n g  t o  produce a q u a l i t y  j o u r n a l .  T h i s  i s  o u r  p r e m i e r  e d i t i o n .  a n d  w e  t ru s t  t h a t  i t  w i l l  i m p rove w i t h  a g e .  W h i l e i t  i s  t r u e  t h a t  w e  w i l l  a l w a y s  w a n t  t h e  r e s u l t s  o f  c h a n g e  t o  b e  bet ter  t h a n  w h a t  h a s  g o n e  o n  b e fo r e . w i t h  t h e  e x p e c t a t i o n s  f o r  a b r i g h t  a n d  exc i t i n g f u t u r e .  i t  r e q u i r e s  t i m e  t o  a s s e s s  t h e i r  i m p a c t .  C l a r i t y  o f  w h a t  w e  e n v i s i o n  i s  i m p o r t a n t  t o  t h e  f u n c t i o n i n g  o f  N A I E S .  w e  i n v i t e  y o u  t o  s h a re w i t h  u s  y o u r  c o m m e n t s  a s  w e  e x p l o re o u r  c o l l e c t i v e  f u t u r e s .  C h a r l e s  C I r b y  

Breton

The Editor Notes

56 The Editor Notes ... "Haudenosaunee," you say? "And how do you spell that?" I asked. That was my response to Thadodahho at Onondaga in the summer of 1983 as he raised my consciousness about the name Iroquois as used by the French and the name Haudenosaunee as the People name themselves. Kristin Herzog agreed that using Haudenosaunee is the progressive way of dealing with her subject, and the connection between her paper and the other two is clearly established. The essence of their contributions is about the power of language to control perceptions of reality (however it is defined). Language, as Linda M. C. Abbott and Linda Buck Myers show, can be used for either liberation or domestication. Few people, however, realize that the Bishop of Avila, who interpreted the first compilation of a modem European language in 1492- a Castilian grammar-to Queen Isabella said that "language is the perfect instrument of empire." And since that time, it has been used more often to oppress than to liberate. Each author in this issue shows how language can be used to give voice in the struggle for liberation, nonetheless. In the fall of 1983 issue of Ethnic Forum, Explorations in Ethnic Studies was recognized as providing "A useful and lively forum for 'launching' ideas and for the exchange of views." The editorial committee appreciates the vote of confidence extended by Ethnic Forum, and we hope that more members will become public referees (as we call those who provide critiques for articles). Although Explorations ... remains healthy as the contributors to this issue attest, the editor notes with sadness the demise of Minority Voices during the past year; its existence was one of the reasons that we decided not to include poetry in NAIES publications. The publishers of Minority Voices were forced to discontinue the journal because of their inability to maintain operating costs. The editorial staff of N AIES publications laments the loss of that important voice in the struggle to inform the nation about alternative perspectives to the accepted system of symbols. Charles C. Irby 

In keeping with the format of Explorations in Ethnic Studies, this issue includes articles with critiques of each. Although the articles are referred before acceptance, the editors believe that additional responses provide both the writer and the reader with ideas to continue research in the same area or to apply the concepts to yet new projects. We invite readers to respond to the articles included in this issue and to indicate their own willingness to write critiques of future articles

THE EDITOR NOTES L n  k ee p i n g  w i t h  t h e  fo r m a t  o f  Explorations in Ethnic Studies, th i s  issue i nc l u d e s  a rt ic les  wi t h  c r i t i q ue s  o f  eac h .  A l t h o ug h  the  a r t ic les a re referred befo re accepta nce , t h e  ed i t o rs be l i eve t h a t  a d d i t i o n a l  responses provide b o t h  the wr i ter  a nd t h e  rea d e r  w i t h  ideas  t o  cont i n ue resea rch i n  t he sa me a rea o r  t o  a p p l y  t h e  c o nce p t s  t o  yet n e w  p r ojects .  We i nv i te readers t o  respond t o  t he a rt ic les  i n c l u d ed i n  t h is i s s ue a nd t o  i nd ica te their  o w n  w i l l i ngness to write c ri t i q ues o f  fut u re a rt ic les .  Research is  a n  o n-go i ng p rocess;  i t  i s  d esc r i p t i ve and n o t  defi n i t i ve ,  a n d  c h a nge i s  what  makes  t h e  s t ud y  o f  e t h n i c i ty i m po rt a n t .  A s  G i l be rt G. Gonza lez  points  o u t  i n  " Ra c i a l I n t e l l i ge nce Tes t i ng a nd the  M e x ican People . "  t h e  resea rc h of a ge n e ra t i o n  a g o  i s  not  va l id for co ntem p o ra ry society .  S k o v i ra wrest les w i t h  the n o t i o n  o f  Byza n t i ne Ca t h o l ic ident i ty  forma t i o n  a s  i t  i s  infl uenced by n a t i o n a l i s m  a nd re l ig io n -clea r l y  a ce nt rifuga l force i n  the  U n i ted States .  M a rt i n  s h ows the  i m p o rt a nce of teach i ng t h e  wor k s  of i n d ige n o us w r i t e rs t o  fu r t h e r  u nd e rstand t h e  ethnic s t ud ies process. At the J u ne mee t i ng of t he E xecu t i ve C o u n c i l  in Sa n t a  Cla ra ,  Cal i ­forn ia . t he Counci l accepted a rec o m m e n d a t i o n  from t he ed i to ri a l  boa rd t o  i n c l ude o n l y  a rt ic les a nd c r i t i q ues i n  fut u re issues of Explora­tions in Ethnic Studies . Poetry w h i c h  has  a l ready been accepted w i l l  appea r i n  t he J a n uary issue,  b u t  s u bseq uent  i ssues w i l l  conta i n  n o  poet ry .  Th i s  decis ion was made a fter se r i o u s  c o n s i d e ra t i o n  of t h e  p ur­poses of the journal .  A l t h o ugh t he poetry of past  i s s ues has  been "good for t he s o u l . "  Explorations in Ethnic Studies is not a l itera ry j o u rn a l .  There a re many sma l l  press out lets fo r poetry, a nd t h e re a re few j o u rna ls  which p u b l i sh non-s pec ia l ized research o n  e t h n ic i ty .  To enco u rage the d isse m i na t i o n  of rese a rc h  on ethnic i ty ,  p lease he lp  us  by  chec k i ng wi th  the  l i b ra ry a t  y o u r  ins t i tut ion  t o  see if  i t  s ubscri bes to N A l E S publ ica t i o n s .  I f  not ,  p o i n t  o u t  t o  the sel ect ions  officer that  orders ca n be placed d i rect ly with N A I ES or  through severa l s ubscri p­t ion se rvices ,  for it is  i mportant  for students  a nd researchers t o  have access to these m ul t id iscip l in a ry material s .  - Charles C. Irby 

This issue, perhaps more than any other, brings together the many concerns of NAIES . The abstracts from the Eleventh Annual Conference on Ethnic and Minority Studies demonstrate the wide-ranging interests of NAIES members and the many issues unresolved in our society. Lorenz Bell Graham, a guest lecturer at the Conference, agreed to share with Explorations readers some of his experiences as a writer of adolescent fiction

The Editor Notes . . .  This issue, perhaps more than any other, brings together the many concerns of NAIES.  The abstracts from the Eleventh Annual Confer­ence on Ethnic and Minority Studies demonstrate the wide-ranging interests of NAIES members and the many issues unresolved in our society. Lorenz Bell Graham, a guest lecturer at the Conference, agreed to share with Explorations readers some of his experiences as a writer of adolescent fiction. Although a brief interview cannot encom­pass the many insights he shared during the special session on "Eth­nicity and Adolescent Literature," his comments reflect the difficulty of being a black writer writing about the black experience for a world of white publishers. The two articles and research note demonstrate the variety of research conducted on ethnicity. Bataille and Silet review both litera­ture and film in relation to Euroamerican history and philosophy to demonstrate why the image of Amerindians remains so distorted. Jenkins and Terrell focus on the grave problems facing traditionally white educational institutions-the retention of those minority stu­dents they have recruited. Kinloch relates in a brief note his research on Hawaii's culturally diverse and racially mixed population and the racial and economic inequities that have evolved. The critiques sug­get further research directions for established scholars and students. I expect that the topics covered in this issue will surface again, but hope that each paper, discussion, and article will bring us closer to finding solutions to on-going problems of racism, sexism, distortions of the past, and diminished identities. I remain hopeful that we will remain steadfast and strong in our determination to provide the means to carry through on an agenda of social and political justice which benefits ethnic peoples. The publication of a five-year index as a supplement to this issue of Explorations should provide members with a helpful guide for research as well as a sense of what topics were addressed between 1978 and 1 982. NAIES has a limited number of past issues available for purchase should any one of the articles pique your interest. Finally, the Executive Council is looking forward to the Twelfth Annual Conference in Kansas City with the same degree of hope and determination that made the Eleventh Annual Conference a success in Ontario, California. Peace and Freedom. Charles C. Irby 55 

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