Андрійчук, Т. В.

Вискушенко, А. П.

Вискушенко, Д. А.

Андрійчук Т. В.

Вискушенко Д. А.

Вискушенко А. П.

Zhytomyr State University Library

 56 ɋȿɄɐȱə 4. ɁɈɈɅɈȽȱə ɌȺ ȿɄɈɅɈȽȱə ɌȼȺɊɂɇ  ɍȾɄ 594.574  ɉɈɅȱɉɅɈȲȾȱə ɌȺ ɉɈɊɌȿɇɈȽȿɇȿɁ ɍ ȽȺɋɌɊɈɉɈȾ ȼɁȺȽȺɅȱ  ɌȺ ȼȱȼȱɉȺɊȱȾ ɁɈɄɊȿɆȺ  Ɍ.ȼ. Ⱥɧɞɪɿɣɱɭɤ1, Ⱦ.Ⱥ.ȼɢɫɤɭɲɟɧɤɨ2, Ⱥ.ɉ. ȼɢɫɤɭɲɟɧɤɨ3 1,2,3ɀɢɬɨɦɢɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿ ȱɜɚɧɚ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ, ɜɭɥ. ȼ. Ȼɟɪɞɢɱɿɜɫɶɤɚ, 40, ɀɢɬɨɦɢɪ, 10008,ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ  ɉɟɜɧɚ ɭɜɚɝɚ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɧɢɤɿɜ ɱɟɪɟɜɨɧɨɝɢɯ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ ɜ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɣ ɱɚɫ ɫɩɪɹɦɨɜɚɧɚ ɧɚ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɹ ɩɢɬɚɧɶ ɝɿɛɪɢɞɢɡɚɰɿʀ, ɩɨɥɿɩɥɨʀɞɿʀ ɬɚ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ. əɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɝɿɛɪɢɞɢɡɚɰɿɹ ɜɧɚɫɥɿɞɨɤ ɩɨɪɭɲɟɧɶ ɦɟɣɨɡɭ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɫɬɚɛɿɥɶɧɨʀ ɩɨɥɿɩɥɨʀɞɿʀ, ɚ ɰɟ ɜ ɤɿɧɰɟɜɨɦɭ ɪɚɯɭɧɤɭ ɩɪɢ ɧɟ ɫɢɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɨɦɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɿ ɝɟɧɨɦɿɜ ɛɚɬɶɤɿɜɫɶɤɢɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɩɪɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɞɨ ɤɥɨɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɭ ɪɨɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɹ. ɉɨɪɹɞ ɡ ɨɛɥɿɝɚɬɧɢɦ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɨɦ ɦɨɠɟ ɦɚɬɢ ɦɿɫɰɟ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɚɬɢɜɧɢɣ ɚɛɨ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡ. ȼ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɝɪɭɩɚɯ ɛɟɡɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɢɯ ɜɿɧ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚєɬɶɫɹ ɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɿ, ɚ ɭ ɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɢɯ ɜɿɞɛɭɜɚєɬɶɫɹ ɥɢɲɟ ɭ ɲɬɭɱɧɢɯ ɭɦɨɜɚɯ Д1Ж. ɋɥɿɞ ɡɚɡɧɚɱɢɬɢ, ɳɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɿɧɿɰɿɚɰɿʀ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ є ɪɿɡɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ ɫɬɪɟɫɢ ɡɨɜɧɿɲɧɶɨɝɨ ɫɟɪɟɞɨɜɢɳɚ, ɧɚɩɪɢɤɥɚɞ ɪɿɡɤɚ ɡɦɿɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɢ. ɋɚɦɟ ɬɨɦɭ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɜ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɿ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɭɬɢ ɫɜɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ ɿɧɞɢɤɚɬɨɪɨɦ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿʀ. ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɚ ɩɨɥɿɩɥɨʀɞɿɹ ɭ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɱɟɪɟɜɨɧɨɝɢɯ, ɹɜɢɳɟ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɟ ɿ ɜɿɞɨɦɟ ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɞɚɜɧɨ – ɳɟ ɡ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɢ ɏɏ ɫɬ. Д4, 5, 10, 11Ж. ɉɪɢɱɨɦɭ ɡɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɿɦɢ ɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɹɦɢ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɱɟɪɟɜɨɧɨɝɢɯ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ ɜɨɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚєɬɶɫɹ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɱɢɧɨɦ ɭ ɩɪɿɫɧɨɜɨɞɧɢɯ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ, ɡɨɤɪɟɦɚ ɡɧɚɣɞɟɧɚ ɭ Bulinus truncates, MОХКnoТНОs tuЛОrМuХКtК ɿ Ancylus fluviatilis [5Ж. Ⱦɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɨɲɢɪɟɧɚ ɩɨɥɿɩɥɨʀɞɿɹ ɿ ɫɟɪɟɞ ɞɜɨɫɬɭɥɤɨɜɢɯ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ Д12Ж. Ɉɫɨɛɥɢɜɚ ɭɜɚɝɚ ɛɭɥɚ ɩɪɢɞɿɥɟɧɚ ɬɪɨɩɿɱɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ Melanoides tuberculata, ɹɤɢɣ ɡɚɜɞɹɤɢ ɪɨɡɜɟɞɟɧɧɸ ɜ ɚɤɜɚɪɿɭɦɚɯ ɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɫɦɨɩɨɥɿɬɨɦ Д2, 6, 10].  ȼ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɿ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ ɧɟɚɛɢɹɤɭ ɰɿɤɚɜɿɫɬɶ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚє ɹɜɢɳɟ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɭ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɧɢɤɿɜ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɶɤɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɭ Campeloma ɪɨɞɢɧɢ Viviparidae, ɳɨ ɞɟɬɚɥɶɧɨ ɛɭɥɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɿɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿɣɧɨ- ɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɿɡɭ ɡɚ ɞɨɩɨɦɨɝɨɸ ɚɥɨɡɢɦɿɜ Д8]. Ⱦɨɤɚɡɨɦ ɬɨɝɨ, ɳɨ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɭ ɞɢɩɥɨʀɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ C. linum ɦɚє ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɭ ɫɥɭɝɭɸɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɧɿ ɮɚɤɬɢ. Ɉɫɨɛɢɧɢ ɜ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿɹɯ C. linum, ɞɟ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚєɬɶɫɹ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɢɣ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡ, ɰɟ ɜɢɤɥɸɱɧɨ ɫɚɦɤɢ, ɬɚɤ ɫɚɦɨ ɹɤ ɿ ɜ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿɹɯ C. parthenum. Ɉɞɧɚɤ, ɧɚ ɜɿɞɦɿɧɭ ɜɿɞ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿɣ ɨɫɬɚɧɧɶɨɝɨ, ɜɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɢɩɥɨʀɞɧɿ, ɚ ɞɢɩɥɨʀɞɧɿ ɿ ɧɟ ɦɚɸɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɧɨ-ɝɟɬɟɪɨɡɢɝɨɬɧɢɯ ɥɨɤɭɫɿɜ ɡɚ ɩɨɥɿɦɨɪɮɧɢɦɢ ɥɨɤɭɫɚɦɢ, ɯɨɱɚ ɿ ɫɩɨɫɬɟɪɿɝɚɸɬɶɫɹ ɩɟɜɧɿ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɟɧɧɹ ɭ ɪɨɡɩɨɞɿɥɿ ɝɟɧɨɬɢɩɿɜ ɜɿɞ ɪɿɜɧɨɜɚɠɧɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧɭ Д7Ж. əɤ ɜɢɩɥɢɜɚє ɿɡ ɜɫɶɨɝɨ ɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɳɟ, ɞɨɤɚɡɢ ɧɚɹɜɧɨɫɬɿ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɭ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ ɪɨɞɭ CКЦЩОХШЦК ɞɨɫɢɬɶ ɧɟɩɪɹɦɿ ɿ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɢɦ ɞɨɤɚɡɨɦ є ɨɞɧɨɫɬɚɬɟɜɿɫɬɶ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿʀ. ɇɚ ɞɭɦɤɭ ɋ. Ƚ. Ⱦɠɨɧɫɨɧɚ Д7Ж ɩɪɢɱɢɧɨɸ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɦɨɝɥɚ ɫɬɚɬɢ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɥɨɦɭ ɿɧɜɚɡɿɹ ɦɟɬɚɰɟɪɤɚɪɿɣ ɞɢɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɫɭɧɚ Leuchochloridiomorpha constantiae, ɹɤɢɣ ɜɪɚɡɢɜ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɿ ɲɥɹɯɢ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɚ, ɩɪɢ ɹɤɨɦɭ ɭ ɫɚɦɰɹ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ „ɡ‘ʀɜ‖ ɜɫɿ ɫɩɟɪɦɿʀ, ɳɨ ɿ ɩɪɢɡɜɟɥɨ ɞɨ ɞɟɮɿɰɢɬɭ ɫɬɚɬɟɜɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɿɜ ɿ ɞɨ ɡɦɭɲɟɧɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɭ ɞɨ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɪɨɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɧɹ. ɇɚɠɚɥɶ, ɩɪɹɦɢɯ ɞɨɤɚɡɿɜ ɞɚɧɚ ɝɿɩɨɬɟɡɚ ɧɟ ɨɬɪɢɦɚɥɚ, ɯɨɱɚ, ɹɤ ɩɿɞɤɪɟɫɥɸє ɚɜɬɨɪ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ, ɚɥɨɡɢɦɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɿɡ, ɳɨ ɞɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɜɿɞɫɭɬɧɿɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɫɬɚɧɬɧɨ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɡɢɝɨɬɧɢɯ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɿɜ ɭ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɧɢɯ ɨɫɨɛɢɧ ɧɟ ɜɿɞɯɢɥɹє ɰɿєʀ ɝɿɩɨɬɟɡɢ. ɋɯɨɠɿ ɜɢɫɧɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɨ ɦɨɠɥɢɜɢɣ ɜɩɥɢɜ ɬɪɟɦɚɬɨɞɧɢɯ ɿɧɜɚɡɿɣ ɧɚ ɫɩɿɜɜɿɞɧɨɲɟɧɧɹ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɜ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿʀ, ɚ ɫɚɦɟ ɧɚɹɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɜ ɧɿɣ ɫɚɦɰɿɜ, ɨɬɪɢɦɚɧɿ ɿ ɩɪɢ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹɯ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɚ Potamopyrgus antipodarum [9Ж. ɐɟ ɹɜɢɳɟ ɛɟɡɫɭɦɧɿɜɧɨ ɛɭɞɟ ɜɢɤɥɢɤɚɬɢ ɩɿɞɜɢɳɟɧɢɣ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ ɦɚɥɚɤɨɥɨɝɿɜ ɿ ɝɟɧɟɬɢɤɿɜ ɞɨ ɰɿєʀ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ ɿ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɸɜɚɬɢ ɩɨɞɚɥɶɲɿ ɞɨɫɥɿɞɠɟɧɧɹ.   57 Ʌɿɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 1. Ⱥɫɬɚɭɪɨɜ Ȼ. Ʌ. ɉɚɪɬɟɧɨɝɟɧɟɡ Ȼɋɗ / Ȼ .Ʌ . 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Vrijenhoek // Bio Science – 1998. – 48. – P. 617–628.   ɍȾɄ: 594.38:574.64 ȼɉɅɂȼ ɌɊȿɆȺɌɈȾɇɈȲ ȱɇȼȺɁȱȲ ɇȺ ɒȼɂȾɄȱɋɌɖ ȾɈȻɈȼɈȲ ɉɊɈȾɍɄɐȱȲ ȿɄɋɄɊȿɆȿɇɌȱȼ ɋɌȺȼɄɈȼɂɄȱȼ  Ɉ.Ɇ. ȼɚɫɢɥɟɧɤɨ ɀɢɬɨɦɢɪɫɶɤɢɣ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɧɢɣ ɭɧɿɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ɿɦɟɧɿ ȱɜɚɧɚ Ɏɪɚɧɤɚ, ɜɭɥ. ȼ. Ȼɟɪɞɢɱɿɜɫɶɤɚ, 40, ɦ. ɀɢɬɨɦɢɪ, 10008, ɍɤɪɚʀɧɚ  ȼɚɠɥɢɜɿɫɬɶ ɿ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɿɫɬɶ ɩɿɡɧɚɧɧɹ ɤɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɢɯ ɫɬɨɪɿɧ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ ɜɢɡɧɚɱɚєɬɶɫɹ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɦɚ ɨɛɫɬɚɜɢɧɚɦɢ. Ʉɿɥɶɤɿɫɧɿ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤɢ ɠɢɜɥɟɧɧɹ  ɦɚɸɬɶ ɧɟ ɬɿɥɶɤɢ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɮɿɡɿɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ, ɚɥɟ ɣ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɿɧɬɟɪɟɫ, ɚɞɠɟ ɜɨɧɚ є ɜɚɠɥɢɜɢɦ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɜɱɟɧɧɿ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɭ ɟɧɟɪɝɿʀ ɧɚ ɪɿɜɧɿ ɨɪɝɚɧɿɡɦɭ ɱɢ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɿʀ ɞɚɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɭ Д1Ж. ɒɜɢɞɤɿɫɬɶ ɞɨɛɨɜɨʀ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɿʀ ɟɤɫɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɿɜ (ɒȾɉȿ) – ɬɪɨɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɧɢɤ, ɹɤɢɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɿɞɧɨ ɜɪɚɯɨɜɭɜɚɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɭ ɡɚɫɜɨєɧɧɹ ɩɨɠɢɜɧɢɯ ɪɟɱɨɜɢɧ ɭ ɬɪɚɜɧɨɦɭ ɬɪɚɤɬɿ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ.   Ɂɚɝɚɥɶɧɨɜɿɞɨɦɨ, ɳɨ ɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɤɢ є ɩɪɨɦɿɠɧɢɦɢ ɿ ɞɨɞɚɬɤɨɜɢɦɢ ɠɢɜɢɬɟɥɹɦɢ ɛɚɝɚɬɶɨɯ ɜɢɞɿɜ ɬɪɟɦɚɬɨɞ, ɦɚɪɢɬɢ ɹɤɢɯ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɭɸɬɶ ɭ ɪɿɡɧɢɯ ɯɪɟɛɟɬɧɢɯ ɬɜɚɪɢɧ Д2, 3]. Ɂɚɪɚɠɟɧɿɫɬɶ ɦɨɥɸɫɤɿɜ-ɠɢɜɢɬɟɥɿɜ ɰɢɦɢ ɝɟɥɶɦɿɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɹɝɚє ɱɚɫɨɦ ɱɢɦɚɥɢɯ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɶ (85 – 98%). ȼɢɫɨɤɨɸ ɧɟɪɿɞɤɨ ɛɭɜɚє ɿ ɿɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɿɫɬɶ ɿɧɜɚɡɿʀ ʀɯ ɰɢɦɢ ɩɚɪɚɡɢɬɚɦɢ. Ɉɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɞɟɹɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɜɤɨɜɢɤɿɜ ɜɢɤɨɪɢɫɬɨɜɭɸɬɶ ɹɤ ɬɟɫɬ-ɨɛ‘єɤɬɢ ɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɿ ɟɤɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɧɿɬɨɪɢɧɝɭ ɪɿɜɧɹ ɡɚɛɪɭɞɧɟɧɧɹ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɢɯ ɜɨɞ, ɞɨɰɿɥɶɧɢɦ є ɡ‘ɹɫɭɜɚɧɧɹ ɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɫɤɿɥɶɤɢ ɜɩɥɢɜɚє ɬɪɟɦɚɬɨɞɧɚ ɿɧɜɚɡɿɹ ɧɚ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɹ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢɯ ɬɪɨɮɨɥɨɝɿɱɧɢɯ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤ Lymnaeidae.  Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Поліплоїдія та портеногенез у гастропод взагалі та у вівіпарід зокрема

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