第4回極域科学シンポジウム個別セッション：[OB] 生物圏11月13日（水）13:00-14:15　国立国語研究所 ２階ラウン

Ane M. Brevik

Lorien E. Radmer

María L. Herrero

伊村 智

八木 啓成

内田 雅己

増本 翔太

星野 保

東條 元昭

National Institute of Polar Research Repository

  カギハイゴケに褐変を起こす Pythium polareのスピッツベルゲン島での分布  東條元昭 1、Ane M. Brevik2、八木啓成 1、星野 保 3、 Lorien E. Radmer1,6、María L. Herrero2、増本翔太 4、   内田雅己 5、伊村 智 5 1大阪府立大学生命環境科学研究科 2 Bioforsk, the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research 3産業技術総合研究所  4総合研究大学院大学 5国立極地研究所 6現：Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota  Distribution of Pythium polare which causes brown discoloration of Sanionia uncinata in Spitsbergen Island   Motoaki Tojo1, Ane M. Brevik2, Hironori Yagi1, Tamotsu Hoshino3, Lorien E. Radmer1,6, María L. Herrero2, Shota Masumoto4, Masaki Uchida5 and Satoshi Imura5 1Graduate School of Life and Environment Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan 2Bioforsk, the Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Ås, Norway  3National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Hiroshima, Japan 4The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Japan 5 National Institute of Polar Research, Japan 6Present address: Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA  Pythium polare is a recently described oomycete species which inhabits mosses and fresh water in the Arctic and Antarctic (Tojo et al. 2012). This water mold is able to infect plant stems and causes a brown discoloration on Sanionia moss (Sanionia uncinata). P. polare has been isolated in Longyearbyen (78°14′59″N, 15°24′32″E), Spitsbergen Island, but has never been recorded on other locations of the island. A total of 19 isolates of Pythium were collected from Longyearbyen, Barentsburg (78°03′57″N, 14°12′31″E), Ny–Ålesund (78°55′47″N, 11°52′08″E) and Stuphallet (78°57′34″N, 11°40′13″E), on Spitsbergen Island in August, 2012. Among of them, 13 isolates were identified as P. polare based on morphological observation and rDNA ITS and coxII sequencing. P. polare was found at all four locations (Figure 1). Six other Pythium isolates were categorized as three unknown species of Pythium. These results demonstrate that P. polare is the most common Pythium species distributed across a wide area of Spitsbergen Island.  北極と南極でカギハイゴケの茎や葉に褐変を起こす Pythium polareは北極と南極のコケや淡水中に生息する最近新種記載された卵菌類の 1種である（Tojo et al. 2012）。本種はカギハイゴケに感染し、褐変を引き起こすことが明らかになっている。P. polareはこれまでスピッツベルゲン島では Longyearbyen (78°14′59″N, 15°24′32″E)からの分離報告があったが、それ以外の場所での分布は明らかでなかった。2012年 8月に、同島内の Barentsburg (78°03′57″N, 14°12′31″E)、 Ny–Ålesund (78°55′47″ N, 11°52′08″E) および Stuphallet (78°57′34″N, 11°40′13″E)から計 19菌株の Pythium属菌を分離した。これらの内、13菌株が培養形態、rDNA ITS領域 および coxII 遺伝子の塩基配列に基づいて P. polareと同定された。P. polareは 4つのすべての地点で見られた (Figure 1)。P. polare以外の 6菌株は、未知の 3種の Pythium属菌に類別された。本研究の結果から、P. polareはスピッツベルゲン島に広く分布する最も主要な Pythium属菌であることが明らかになった。                                                                                 References Tojo M., Van West P., Hoshino T., Kida K., Fujii H., Hakoda H., Kawaguchi Y., Mühlhauser H.A., Van den Berg A.H., Küpper F.C., Herrero M.L., Klemsdal S.S., Tronsmo A.M., and Kanda H. Pythium polare, a new heterothallic Oomycete causing brown discoloration of Sanionia uncinata in the Arctic and Antarctic. Fungal Biology 116: 756-768, 2012. 

Distribution of Pythium polare which causes brown discoloration of Sanionia uncinata in Spitsbergen Island

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Distribution of Pythium polare which causes brown discoloration of Sanionia uncinata in Spitsbergen Island

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