INTRODUCTION Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is considered the main legume for human consumption, being an important source of proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. However, most of its farming occurs under drought conditions, with water deficit being one of the main limiting factors for production, which can reduce it by up to 80% (ROSALES et al., 2012). The effects of drought on the common bean depend on the frequency, duration and intensity of the stress and the phenological stage of the crop, which can affect the photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and solute accumulation. Quantifying these components related to drought tolerance is extremely important to define strategies for their use in breeding programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate two common bean genotypes for tolerance to drought through biochemical and physiological characteristics.
MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, at Agronomic Institute of Paraná State, the experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and two tolerant cultivars were evaluated, IAPAR 81 and BAT 477. The plants were grown in pots with substrate under 80% of the pot capacity until the phenological stage R5, when the drought began in plots subjected to stress, in which was adopted the water treatment of 30% of the pot capacity for 19 days. Liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and carboxylation efficiency of the plant were measured in the morning on sunny days, on the last day of stress, using the portable system Photosynthesis LI-6400XT (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, EUA). For the biochemical analyzes (GPX, APX, protein and proline) it was collected, also in the last day of stress, a leaflet of each plant, arranged in bulk and diluted in proportion 1:5 in four different buffer solutions according to the analyzes. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% of probability by the computer program R (http://www.r-project.org) using the ExpDes and MVar.pt packages

Arruda, I. M.

Gonçalves, L. S.A.

Moda-Cirino, V.

Santos, O.J. A.P.

Stolf, R.

English

DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska

University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 3-2017 DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS I. M. Arruda State University of Londrina, isabellamendonca92@gmail.com O.J. A.P. Santos State University of Londrina R. Stolf State University of Londrina L. S.A. Gonçalves State University of Londrina V. Moda-Cirino Agronomic Institute of Paraná State Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub Arruda, I. M.; Santos, O.J. A.P.; Stolf, R.; Gonçalves, L. S.A.; and Moda-Cirino, V., "DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS" (2017). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 1691. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/1691 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. 59 DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS  Arruda, I.M.1; Santos, O.J.A.P.1; Stolf, R.1; Gonçalves, L.S.A.1; Moda-Cirino, V.2  1State University of Londrina, Agronomy Department, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil isabellamendonca92@gmail.com 2Agronomic Institute of Paraná State, Plant Breeding and Genetic Area, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil   INTRODUCTION Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is considered the main legume for human consumption, being an important source of proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. However, most of its farming occurs under drought conditions, with water deficit being one of the main limiting factors for production, which can reduce it by up to 80% (ROSALES et al., 2012). The effects of drought on the common bean depend on the frequency, duration and intensity of the stress and the phenological stage of the crop, which can affect the photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and solute accumulation. Quantifying these components related to drought tolerance is extremely important to define strategies for their use in breeding programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate two common bean genotypes for tolerance to drought through biochemical and physiological characteristics.  MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, at Agronomic Institute of Paraná State, the experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and two tolerant cultivars were evaluated, IAPAR 81 and BAT 477. The plants were grown in pots with substrate under 80% of the pot capacity until the phenological stage R5, when the drought began in plots subjected to stress, in which was adopted the water treatment of 30% of the pot capacity for 19 days. Liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and carboxylation efficiency of the plant were measured in the morning on sunny days, on the last day of stress, using the portable system Photosynthesis LI-6400XT (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, EUA). For the biochemical analyzes (GPX, APX, protein and proline) it was collected, also in the last day of stress, a leaflet of each plant, arranged in bulk and diluted in proportion 1:5 in four different buffer solutions according to the analyzes. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% of probability by the computer program R (http://www.r-project.org) using the ExpDes and MVar.pt packages.  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The results indicated physiological and biochemical changes when the cultivars were submitted to water deficit in the reproductive period. The values of liquid photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration decreased in both genotypes when submitted to water deficit, but it was not observed statistical difference between the genotypes under stress conditions (Table 1). The first reaction of plants to water deficit is the stomata closing for less water loss by transpiration, reducing the availability of CO2 inside the leaf, which causes a decrease in the rate of photosynthesis (ANDROCIOLI et al., 2016). The carboxylation efficiency decreased only in BAT 477 under drought conditions and IAPAR 81 presented statistically higher values for this variable, besides having the highest rate of liquid photosynthesis, demonstrating physiological efficiency when submitted to drought. In the biochemical analyzes, an accumulation of GPX and 60 proline was observed only in BAT 477 under water stress and it was verified statistical difference between the cultivars only for GPX, with BAT 477 presenting the highest value for this characteristic (Table 1). One of the most common responses to stresses in plants is the overproduction of different types of organic solutes (ASHRAF; FOOLAD, 2007). The accumulation of proline in plants under water deficit has been correlated with stress tolerance, and their concentration has generally been shown to be higher in tolerant plants than in plants sensitive to stress. It was observed reduction of APX and protein for both genotypes. Still both cultivars being drought tolerant, IAPAR 81 presented physiological adaptions to drought while BAT 477 showed higher values on biochemical characteristics for the same conditions.   Table 1 - Averages comparison by Tukey method (P <0.05) for physiological and biochemical traits of common bean genotypes evaluated in the presence and absence of water deficit. Genotypes A gs T CE Control WD2/ Control WD Control WD Control WD BAT 477 16.31Aab 3.35Bab 0.422Aa 0.034Ba  3.70Ab 0.59Ba 0.053Aab 0.014Bb IAPAR 81 14.50Ab 6.34Ba 0.286Ab 0.049Ba 4.74Aa 1.03Ba 0.050Aab 0.035Aa Genotypes GPX APX Protein Proline Control WD Control WD Control WD Control WD BAT 477 0.345Ba 0.608Aa 1.289Aa 0.784Bab 18.853Aa 4.379Ba 0.643Bc 0.957Ab IAPAR 81 0.233Ab  0.248Ab 1.004Aab 0.623Bb 19.538Aa 3.626Ba 0.887Ab 0.843Ab 1/A: liquid photosynthesis (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), gs: stomatal conductance (mol m-2 s-1), T: transpiration (µmol H2O m-2 s-1), CE: carboxylation efficiency (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pa-1), GPX: glutathione peroxidase (activity per minute), APX: ascorbate peroxidase (activity per minute); 2/WD: water deficit, Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and upper case in the row do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% of probability.  REFERENCES ANDROCIOLI, L. G.; TOMAZ, J. P.; MODA-CIRINO, V. Physiological responses of two drought tolerant common bean cultivars. Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative, v. 59, p. 35-36, 2016. ASHRAF, M.; FOOLAD, M. R. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. v. 59. p. 206-216. 2007. ROSALES, M. A. et al. Physiological analysis of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars uncovers characteristics related to terminal drought resistance. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, v. 56, p. 24-34, 2012.    

DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS

UNL | Libraries

University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln 
Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, Nebraska 
3-2017 
DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES 
CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL 
MARKERS 
I. M. Arruda 
State University of Londrina, isabellamendonca92@gmail.com 
O.J. A.P. Santos 
State University of Londrina 
R. Stolf 
State University of Londrina 
L. S.A. Gonçalves 
State University of Londrina 
V. Moda-Cirino 
Agronomic Institute of Paraná State 
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub 
Arruda, I. M.; Santos, O.J. A.P.; Stolf, R.; Gonçalves, L. S.A.; and Moda-Cirino, V., "DROUGHT TOLERANCE 
OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS" 
(2017). Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty. 1691. 
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/usdaarsfacpub/1691 
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the U.S. Department of Agriculture: Agricultural Research 
Service, Lincoln, Nebraska at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in 
Publications from USDA-ARS / UNL Faculty by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of 
Nebraska - Lincoln. 
59 
DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CHARACTERIZED BY 
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS 
 
Arruda, I.M.1; Santos, O.J.A.P.1; Stolf, R.1; Gonçalves, L.S.A.1; Moda-Cirino, V.2 
 
1State University of Londrina, Agronomy Department, Londrina, Paraná State, Brazil 
isabellamendonca92@gmail.com 
2Agronomic Institute of Paraná State, Plant Breeding and Genetic Area, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil 
 
 
INTRODUCTION 
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is considered the main legume for human consumption, 
being an important source of proteins, carbohydrates and minerals. However, most of its farming 
occurs under drought conditions, with water deficit being one of the main limiting factors for 
production, which can reduce it by up to 80% (ROSALES et al., 2012). The effects of drought on 
the common bean depend on the frequency, duration and intensity of the stress and the 
phenological stage of the crop, which can affect the photosynthetic efficiency, stomatal 
conductance, transpiration rate and solute accumulation. Quantifying these components related to 
drought tolerance is extremely important to define strategies for their use in breeding programs. 
Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate two common bean genotypes for tolerance to 
drought through biochemical and physiological characteristics. 
 
MATERIAL AND METHODS 
The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, at Agronomic Institute of Paraná State, the 
experimental design was randomized blocks with six replications and two tolerant cultivars were 
evaluated, IAPAR 81 and BAT 477. The plants were grown in pots with substrate under 80% of 
the pot capacity until the phenological stage R5, when the drought began in plots subjected to 
stress, in which was adopted the water treatment of 30% of the pot capacity for 19 days. Liquid 
photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and carboxylation efficiency of the plant 
were measured in the morning on sunny days, on the last day of stress, using the portable system 
Photosynthesis LI-6400XT (LI-COR Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, EUA). For the biochemical 
analyzes (GPX, APX, protein and proline) it was collected, also in the last day of stress, a leaflet 
of each plant, arranged in bulk and diluted in proportion 1:5 in four different buffer solutions 
according to the analyzes. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% of 
probability by the computer program R (http://www.r-project.org) using the ExpDes and 
MVar.pt packages. 
 
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
The results indicated physiological and biochemical changes when the cultivars were submitted 
to water deficit in the reproductive period. The values of liquid photosynthesis, stomatal 
conductance and transpiration decreased in both genotypes when submitted to water deficit, but 
it was not observed statistical difference between the genotypes under stress conditions (Table 
1). The first reaction of plants to water deficit is the stomata closing for less water loss by 
transpiration, reducing the availability of CO2 inside the leaf, which causes a decrease in the rate 
of photosynthesis (ANDROCIOLI et al., 2016). The carboxylation efficiency decreased only in 
BAT 477 under drought conditions and IAPAR 81 presented statistically higher values for this 
variable, besides having the highest rate of liquid photosynthesis, demonstrating physiological 
efficiency when submitted to drought. In the biochemical analyzes, an accumulation of GPX and 
60 
proline was observed only in BAT 477 under water stress and it was verified statistical 
difference between the cultivars only for GPX, with BAT 477 presenting the highest value for 
this characteristic (Table 1). One of the most common responses to stresses in plants is the 
overproduction of different types of organic solutes (ASHRAF; FOOLAD, 2007). The 
accumulation of proline in plants under water deficit has been correlated with stress tolerance, 
and their concentration has generally been shown to be higher in tolerant plants than in plants 
sensitive to stress. It was observed reduction of APX and protein for both genotypes. Still both 
cultivars being drought tolerant, IAPAR 81 presented physiological adaptions to drought while 
BAT 477 showed higher values on biochemical characteristics for the same conditions.  
 
Table 1 - Averages comparison by Tukey method (P <0.05) for physiological and biochemical traits of 
common bean genotypes evaluated in the presence and absence of water deficit. 
Genotypes A gs T CE 
Control WD2/ Control WD Control WD Control WD 
BAT 477 16.31Aab 3.35Bab 0.422Aa 0.034Ba  3.70Ab 0.59Ba 0.053Aab 0.014Bb 
IAPAR 81 14.50Ab 6.34Ba 0.286Ab 0.049Ba 4.74Aa 1.03Ba 0.050Aab 0.035Aa 
Genotypes GPX APX Protein Proline 
Control WD Control WD Control WD Control WD 
BAT 477 0.345Ba 0.608Aa 1.289Aa 0.784Bab 18.853Aa 4.379Ba 0.643Bc 0.957Ab 
IAPAR 81 0.233Ab  0.248Ab 1.004Aab 0.623Bb 19.538Aa 3.626Ba 0.887Ab 0.843Ab 
1/A: liquid photosynthesis (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1), gs: stomatal conductance (mol m-2 s-1), T: transpiration 
(µmol H2O m-2 s-1), CE: carboxylation efficiency (µmol CO2 m-2 s-1 Pa-1), GPX: glutathione peroxidase 
(activity per minute), APX: ascorbate peroxidase (activity per minute); 2/WD: water deficit, Means 
followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and upper case in the row do not differ from each 
other by the Tukey test at 5% of probability. 
 
REFERENCES 
ANDROCIOLI, L. G.; TOMAZ, J. P.; MODA-CIRINO, V. Physiological responses of two 
drought tolerant common bean cultivars. Annual report of the bean improvement cooperative, v. 
59, p. 35-36, 2016. 
ASHRAF, M.; FOOLAD, M. R. Roles of glycine betaine and proline in improving plant 
abiotic stress resistance. Environmental and Experimental Botany. v. 59. p. 206-216. 2007. 
ROSALES, M. A. et al. Physiological analysis of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) 
cultivars uncovers characteristics related to terminal drought resistance. Plant Physiology and 
Biochemistry, v. 56, p. 24-34, 2012.  
  


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DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF COMMON BEAN GENOTYPES CHARACTERIZED BY PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS

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