FROM

Markham, Brian

Micijevic, Esad

Morfitt, Ron

NASA Technical Reports Server

U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
Work performed under USGS contract 08HQCN0005
†SGT, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Center for Earth Resources 
Observation and Science (EROS), 47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
Landsat Data Continuity Mission On-
orbit Calibration and Validation 
Development
Ron Morfitt†, Esad Micijevic†, Brian Markham
NASA GSFC, Greenbelt, MD
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120016950 2019-08-30T23:24:25+00:00Z
Outline
• Overview of Government Calibration and 
Validation Team
• Overview of Ground System
• Development of Cal/Val tools
• Current Status
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 2
Government Calibration and Validation 
Team (CVT)
• Made up of both NASA GSFC and USGS EROS 
personnel
• Lead by NASA prior to commissioning
– Pre-launch calibration
• On-orbit operations turned over to USGS
– Continued monitoring throughout mission life
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 3
Calibration and Validation Functions
• Oversight and coordination of Cal/Val activities
– Covers portions of ground system, spacecraft, 
instruments and other external entities
• Algorithm development
– Review instrument provider algorithms
– Deliver algorithms to ground system developers
– Data processing, characterization and calibration
– OLI and TIRS data simulators
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 4
Calibration and Validation Functions
• Instrument performance characterization
– Pre-launch, on-orbit checkout and on-orbit operations
– Supports instrument acceptance
• Calibration parameter determination & validation
– Pre-commissioning validation of vendor provided parameters
– Validated parameters ensure quality products
– Determine parameters during operations
• Independent calibration verification and calibration continuity
– Ensures traceability and continuity with historical products
• Product performance characterization
– Reports for science and user community
• Anomaly resolution
– Includes anomalies in product generation and image assessment
– Supports observatory and other anomaly resolution
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 5
Cal/Val Interfaces During Development
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 6
– Vendor/Supplier
• OLI
• TIRS
• Spacecraft
– Ground System
• Data Processing and 
Archive System
– Landsat Science Team
– Independent Groups
• Vicarious Calibration
LDCM Project
USGS 
Ground 
System
Government 
Cal/Val Team
Observatory 
(S/C, OLI, 
TIRS)
Independent 
Groups
S/C Vendor
Landsat 
Science 
Team
OLI Vendor
TIRS 
Supplier
Users
Ground System Concept
from CVT perspective
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 7
Spacecraft
Ground System
Ingest
L0Ra
Characterization 
Data
Cal/Val 
Products
Control
Characterization Data
Image Data
Cal/Val 
Toolkit
Calibration 
Parameters
Image 
Assessment
Product 
Generation
L0Rp/L1R/L1G/L1T
CVT
•Instrument Performance Characterization
•Calibration Parameter Determination and Validation
•Product Performance Characterization
•Anomaly Resolution
User and 
Science 
Community
OLI
Capture
L1T
TIRS
Calibration and Validation Toolkit
• Description
– Mixture of different languages (C, Matlab, IDL, Excel)
– Configuration controlled by CVT using Subversion
– Analyst intensive, low efficiency, non-operational code
• Uses
– Validate algorithms and verify ground system implementation
– Improve algorithm functionality
– Investigate processing and instrument anomalies
– Support instrument acceptance
• Contains working copies of all algorithms
– Instrument provider algorithm baseline
– Ground system algorithm baseline (ingest, product generation, image 
assessment)
– Algorithm prototyping/working versions, including algorithms not 
implemented in the ground system
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 8
Cal/Val Tool Development
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 9
Cal/Val Toolkit
Instrument 
Developer
Algorithms
Prototype 
Code
(Matlab, C)
Instrument 
Developer 
Algorithms
Instrument 
Developer 
Prototype 
Code
(Matlab, C)
Ground
System
Ingest 
Subsystem
Landsat
Product 
Generation 
Subsystem
CVT 
Algorithms
CVT 
Prototype 
Code
(Matlab, C, IDL)
Image 
Assessment 
Subsystem
Ground
System
Ingest 
Subsystem
Landsat
Product 
Generation 
Subsystem
Image 
Assessment 
Subsystem
Phased Algorithm Development
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 10
• Algorithm delivery synchronized with instrument 
and ground system major reviews
– Phase 1
• Includes brief descriptions
• Supports ground system preliminary design
– Phase 2
• Based on preliminary provider algorithm 
descriptions
• Supports ground system detailed design
– Phase 3
• Based on instrument testing
• Supports ground system implementation
– Phase 4
• Based on on-orbit instrument analysis
• Supports post-launch ground system update
Alg. Delivery Phase
Section 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0
Background x x x x
Inputs x x x x
Outputs x x x x
Maturity x x x x
Procedure x x x
Prototype x x
Test Data x x
Verification x x
Relational Schedule
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 11
Ground System
Instrument
Mission
Phase 1 
Development
Preliminary Design Development
Detailed Design 
Development
Phase 2 
Development
Phase 3 Development
Implementation Sustaining Engineering
Phase 4 Development
PDR CDR
PDR CDR PSRT/V
Algorithm Development
Algorithm 
Draft
Algorithm Final Algorithm Update as needed
Launch Commissioning
GRT
In
s
tr
u
m
e
n
t 
D
e
v
e
lo
p
e
rs
C
V
T
G
ro
u
n
d
S
y
s
te
m
T/V
Current Status
• Algorithms received from instrument providers
• Algorithms delivered to ground system 
developers
• Initial release of image assessment subsystem 
completed
– Only minor issues remain to be resolved with second 
release
• One more image assessment release to go
– Lower priority algorithms
– Changes found during testing
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 12
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 13
In-line Characterization Algorithms
Dropped Frame Characterization
 Impulse Noise Characterization
Saturated Pixel Characterization
Histogram Statistics Characterization
SCA Overlap Statistics Characterization
• Striping Characterization
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 14
Off-line Characterization Algorithms
• White Noise Characterization
• 1/f Noise Characterization
• Coherent Noise Characterization
• Relative Gain Characterization 
– Side Slither and Histogram Method
Detector Response Characterization
– Solar Diffuser and Internal Lamp
Radiometric Stability Characterization
• Nonlinear Response Characterization
• Lunar Irradiance Characterization
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 15
Processing Algorithms
Bias Removal
– Bias Model Calibration
– Bias Determination
Response Linearization
Gain Application
• SCA Discontinuity Correction
• Residual Striping Correction
• Saturated Pixel Replacement
• Inoperable Detectors Fill
Reflectance Conversion
August 29—September 1, 2011 CALCON Technical Conference 16
Initial Image Assessment Subsystem
Level 0R Level 1R
Example of radiometric processing to generate floating point Level 1R 
―product‖ for band 1, SCA 1


Landsat Data Continuity Mission On-orbit Calibration and Validation Development

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