Dabney, Philip W.

Irons, James R.

Markham, Brian

Thome, Kurtis J.

NASA Technical Reports Server

National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
www.nasa.gov 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 www.usgs.gov 
LDCM Operational Land Imager and 
Thermal Infrared Sensor Performance 
Brian Markham 
NASA Cal/Val Scientist 
James R. Irons, Philip W. Dabney, Kurtis J. Thome++ 
Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD  
 
Representing NASA/USGS/BATC Instrument and 
Calibration Teams 
 
 
August 23, 2011 
SPIE                      
Earth Observing 
Systems XVI 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20120016949 2019-08-30T23:24:20+00:00Z
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Cal/Val Personnel  
NASA SCIENCE/IMAGE ASSESSMENT 
– Brian Markham (Lead)  
Ed Kaita /SSAI  
Raviv Levy /SSAI 
Julia Barsi /SSAI 
Lawrence Ong /SSAI 
Robert Barnes /SAIC 
Matt Montanaro /Sigma Space 
– Phil Dabney (Instrument Scientist) 
– Jeff Pedelty (BATC on-site rep) 
 
USGS SCIENCE/IMAGE ASSESSMENT 
– Ron Hayes/SGT (Lead) 
– Ron Morfitt /SGT (Technical Lead) 
Esad Micijevic /SGT 
Pat Scaramuzza /SGT 
Kelly Vanderwerff /SGT 
– James Storey /SGT (Geometry Lead) 
Mike Choate /SGT 
Don Moe/SGT 
 
 
 
BATC OLI CALIBRATION/SYSTEMS 
– Ed Knight (Lead Systems) 
– Brent Canova (Lead) 
Geir Kvaran 
Kenton Lee 
Eric Donley 
Brian Donley 
 
GSFC TIRS CALIBRATION 
– Dennis Reuter (instrument scientist) 
– Kurtis Thome (Lead) 
Brian Wenny 
Allan Lunsford 
Matt Montanaro 
Tesfaye Zelalem 
Ramsey Smith 
 
UNIVERSITY AFFILIATES 
– Dennis Helder (SDSU) 
– John Schott (RIT) 
Orlando/Nina Raqueno 
Mike Gartley 
Aaron Gerace 
 
2 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Landsat and LDCM Spectral and Spatial 
Requirements 
3 
TIRS 
OLI 
OLI 
ETM+ 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Operational Land Imager (OLI) 
4 
Band 
Name 
CW 
(nm) 
Bandwidth 
(nm) 
GSD 
(m) SNR 
Coastal/ 
Aerosol 443 20 30 130 
Blue 482 65 30 130 
Green 562 75 30 100 
Red 655 50 30 90 
NIR 865 40 30 90 
SWIR 1 1610 100 30 100 
SWIR 2 2200 200 30 100 
PAN 590 180 15 80 
Cirrus 1375 30 30 50 
Visible/NIR SWIR 
 Key instrument requirements 
─ Cross-track FOV  185 km  
─ S/C altitude  705 km 
─ Geodetic accuracy*  
Absolute   65 m  
Relative   25 m 
─ Geometric accuracy**  
Absolute    12 m 
*No terrain compensation 
**w/ terrain compensation 
Instrument 
Complete 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Operational Land Imager (OLI) 
 Pushbroom VIS/SWIR sensor 
 Four-mirror telescope with front 
aperture stop 
 FPA consisting of 14 sensor chip 
assemblies, passively cooled 
 On-board calibration with both lamps 
and full aperture diffusers 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
OLI Spectral and Polarization Performance 
Spectral Performance 
– Measured at instrument 
level for sampling of 
detectors from each focal 
plane module 
Meets all requirements 
– Out-of-Band Response 
measured at focal plane 
module level for all 
detectors 
 typically below 10-4 
Polarization Sensitivity 
– Measured at instrument 
level 
– Below 2%  
Edge of Field 
P
ol
ar
iz
at
io
n 
Fa
ct
or
 (%
)  
 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
OLI Radiometric Performance  
SNR 
– SNR significantly exceeds 
requirements and heritage 
Calibration 
– Absolute uncertainty ~4% 
Extensive round robin for 
validation 
Transfer-to-Orbit uncertainties 
included 
– Stability over 60 seconds (2 standard 
scenes)  
<0.02% 2σ 
– Stability over 16 days (time between 
Solar Diffuser Cals)  
<0.54% 2σ for all but Cirrus Band 
which is <1.19% 
Uniformity 
– Typically better than 0.5% 
A few detectors and FPM 
boundaries may exceed this  
 
16 Day Stability 
Change in Response, 
Green band, w/ hot 
cycle in middle 
M
ed
ia
n 
S
N
R
 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
OLI Spatial Performance  
Spatial Performance 
– Want sharp edges for change detection 
– Measured spatial response has: 
Steep slope (exceeding reqts) 
Low  extended edge (good half edge extent) 
No ripple/overshoot 
Geolocation 
– Want good pointing knowledge, again for 
change detection 
– Performance depends on both instrument and 
spacecraft; final measurements made during 
initial on-orbit checkout 
– Pre-launch instrument measurements mapped 
line of sight of all detectors to reference 
pixel/boresight to ~1/10th of a pixel 
– On target to have absolute geometric accuracy 
of <1/2 pixel 
 
Min slope 
reqt: 
Low 
extended 
edge 
Min slope 
reqt: 
Low 
extended 
edge 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
OLI Stray Light  
Stray Light Ninjas 
• Meets requirements 
• Consistent with  
     modeled performance 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) 
10 
TIRS Flight instrument secured 
to its MGSE work dolly 
•Quantum well infrared photodetector 
(QWIP) focal plane array (built at 
GSFC), at 43K 
•2-Channel IR spectral imager 
•10.8 µm and 12 µm 
•Split window atmospheric 
correction 
•Two full aperture calibration sources 
•Onboard blackbody 
•Space view 
•Calibration every 34 minutes 
•Scene select mirror selects between 
calibration sources, nadir 
•185 km ground swath (15° FOV) 
•100 meter resolution 
•TIRS delivery December 2011 
•3.25 year life, Class C instrument 
•TVAC testing (full instrument) started 
 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
TIRS Overview 
         11 
TIRS  
(Earthshield Stowed) 
TIRS  
(Earthshield Deployed) 
Cryocooler 
Radiator 
Telescope 
Radiator Scene Select 
Mechanism 
Nadir  
(Earth) View 
Spacecraft 
Interface Flexures 
(2 of 3) 
Earthshield 
Focal Plane 
Electronics 
Blackbody Cal 
Radiator 
External 
Alignment Cube 
Structure 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
TIRS Relative Spectral Response 
Average: based on component level measurements 
12 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12 12.5 13 13.5
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Wavelength [micrometers]
R
el
at
iv
e 
R
es
po
ns
e
Relative Response of All Detectors in a Science Row
TIRS Relative Spectral Responses  
All Detectors – based on component measurements 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Spectral Uniformity Impact  
300K Surface Target : 10.8 µm band 
Pixel Position 
B
rig
ht
ne
ss
 T
em
pe
ra
tu
re
 [K
] 
Tropical 
Mid-Latitude Summer 
Mid-Latitude Winter 
Sub-Arctic Summer 
(0.0122 K) (0.0107 K) (0.0086 K) 
(0.0126 K) (0.0110 K) (0.0089 K) 
(0.0103 K) (0.0090 K) (0.0073 K) 
(0.0141 K) (0.0124 K) (0.0100 K) 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 Pixel Position 
B
rig
ht
ne
ss
 T
em
pe
ra
tu
re
 [K
] 
Tropical 
Mid-Latitude 
Summer 
Mid-Latitude 
Winter 
Sub-Arctic 
Summer 
Spectral Uniformity Impact  
300K Surface Target : 12.0 µm band 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SNR ~1,500 for 360 K source and ~1,000  for 300 K   
>3X more than required 
 Consistent with shot-noise limited 
TIRS Calibration Images 
SCA-A 
(Q020) 
SCA-B 
(Q024) 
SCA-C 
(Q023) 
Dark Band 
10.8 um Band 
12 um Band 
~ 36 un-vignetted rows 
~ 36 un-vignetted rows 
~ 18 dark rows Dark Band 
10.8 um Band 
12 um Band 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
TIRS Preliminary Radiometric Performance 
17 
K 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Radiometric Responsivity Variation with 12.0 µm Band 
18 
Radiance vs. Linearized, Bkgd-subtracted DN for IRSM temperatures of: 
 [200 K, 220 K, 240 K, 260 K, 290 K, 310 K, 330 K, 360 K] 
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
4
0
5
10
15
20
25
Linearized, Bkgd-subtracted DN
R
ad
ia
nc
e 
[W
/m
2 /
sr
/u
m
]
200 K 
220 K 
240 K 
260 K 
290 K 
310 K 
330 K 
360 K 
SPIE Earth Observing Systems XVI 
NASA GSFC / USGS EROS 
 
Summary 
OLI 
– Instrument complete – currently 
investigating heater controller 
anomaly 
– SNR performance substantially 
exceeds requirements 
– Absolute calibration meets 
requirements 
– Relative (detector to detector) 
calibration meets requirements 
with possible exception of a few 
FPM boundaries and a few 
detectors 
– Spatial response meets 
requirements 
 
   
TIRS 
– Instrument now in primary thermal 
vacuum performance testing 
– SNR performance expected to 
substantially exceed requirements 
– Absolute calibration expected to 
exceed requirements 
– Relative (detector-to-detector) 
calibration expected to meet 
requirements 
19 


LDCM (Landsat Data Continuity Mission) Operational Land Imager and Thermal Infrared Sensor Performance

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