Choi, Sang H.

Lee, Uhn

Park, Yeonjoon

Song, Kyo D.

NASA Technical Reports Server

ASME 2010 First Global Congress on 
NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology (NEMB2010)
NASA SAA #15546 Collaboration Activity 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20110013151 2019-08-30T16:01:10+00:00Z
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) and its Limits
Performance:
Jolt suppression voltage only
- diagnosis and search of anomaly required
- a single function
Power Source: 
Implanted battery with tether line
- painful and cumbersome
- battery lasts 3~5 years
- power-line vulnerable to disconnection
DBS Implantation
Implanted DBS
New Approach:    Probe-Pin Device
Performance:
- Diagnosis and search of anomaly required
- Multi-functions integrated
 Jolt suppression voltage
 Neuro-chemistry by micro-spectrometer
 Neuro-electricity
 Brain temperature
 Brain pressure
Power Source:
- Wirelessly powered thru human tissue
 Micro-coil with train of magnetic pulses
 Rectenna array for microwave coupling
Logic Circuit for Monitoring Control and Data Acquisition   , ,   
Master Logic dependent PPD
Wireless
Transmission
Electrode
Head Skin Tissue
Power
Transmitter
Power
Receiver
Pin-Probe Device
(PPD)
voltage
pressure
Power
Feedback & n a
chemical
2
temperature
Signal
Telemetry
System
SSH
Module
 
Switching
Logic
A
n
t
e
n
n
4
Field Potential Sensor
Shock Voltage Injector
Probe-Pin Device
(PPD)
Wireless module and
antenna on hat.
Polarization-averaged
Rectenna ArrayMW Horn Transmitter
Power In
MW
Development of Micro-Spectrometer
 Negative Zone Plate (NZP)
 Characterization of NZP
B db d l l f Mi S t t rea oar  eve  o  cro- pec rome er
 Smart Optics Materials for Micro-Spectrometer
 Smart Optics Materials Characterization
Photon Intensity Simulation for 
Micro Ring Grating Spectrometer
 3-D optical simulation for 500 m ring 
grating (25 transparent rings) with 
Fresnel diffraction.
 Photon intensity map of optical axis 
(z‐axis) vs. radius direction (x‐axis) shows 
strong focusing effect and spectral 
ti
Center
Ripple
separa on.
 Spectral resolution () is improved 
with the increasing number (n) of rings as 
/  1 n.
 nm for 50 rings
=10 nm for 100 rings
 Each wavelength has a  strong focal 
point which is surrounded by two weak 
light cones.
Circular aperture slit of 1% of the ring 
grating diameter will pass the photons of 
a selected wavelength.
Spectral scans: Circular Grating: 100 rings, 757m diameterAperture: 10 m diameter
Green Laser: 532nm
Red Laser: 633nm
Green & Red Lasers: 532nm & 633nm
The human eyes see a yellow color but 
the micro-spectrometer can distinguish 
two lights, red and green.    
Micro-Spectrometer
Component Test Platform
Pin Probe DeviceMicro-Spectrometer
Motor/Position Sensor Controller
Micro Linear Motor
Micro Position Sensor
Mini USB
XBEE 
(ADC, Wireless Data Transfer)
  
InGaAs Detector
OP-Amp
LEDs
Switches
Configuration Diagram
Light Sources: White Blue UV LED  , ,  
Photon Injection via Light Pipe
Illumination on Object (Inside Body)
Li ht C ll ti i F l G tig  o ec on v a resne  ra ng
Movable aperture slit with linear motor
(to be replaced by SOM) Computer
InGaAs Photon Detector
C t t V lt C iurren  o o age onvers on 
with Micro OP-Amplifier
Analog to digital conversion with XBEE     
Wireless data transfer with XBEE
Micro-Spectrometer Component Test 
Platform Parameters 
• Light Sources: White Blue and UV LED  , ,   
• Integrated Light Pipe Design: Diameter = 3mm
• Micro Linear Motor: Travel Distance = 6mm
• Magnetic Micro-Position Sensor: 2 micrometer 
resolution
• Photo Detector: InGaAs Photo Diode
7• Mini OP-Amplifier: Gain (V/I) = 10
• USB/Serial Interface to control linear motor
• Power: 3.3V, 1.8A max
14000
16000
18000
• ADC & Wireless Data Transfer: XBEE Chipset 
(ZigBee Network)
6000
8000
10000
12000
0
2000
4000
200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
White UV Blue
μ-Spectrometer Development Plan
Micro ring gratings with 
different voltages
Transparent
electrode layer
Light -
blocking
layer
Transparent
propagation 
layer Lens Optics
e
Aligned micro 
rings generate 
circular grating 
effect
o
-
d
i
o
d
e
Voltage on ring grating 
selects which wavelength-
photon will be focused on 
the aperture.
n
t
 
s
u
b
s
t
r
a
t
e
Light
P
h
o
t
o
2
5
0
 

m
T
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
e
r
t
u
r
e
2
5
 

m
 
~
 
2
A
p
e
2
Smart Optics Material
Electro-optic media 
(liquid crystal or non-linear optical crystal)
Circular gradient 
refractive index
made by electric 
fields on rings
100 m ~ 5 mm
Smart Optics Materials
 Smart Optics Materials (SOM) are new optical materials Liquid crystal(a)        
that can control deep properties (intensity, phase, 
polarization, coherence) of passing light, including 
 electro-optic materials (non-linear optical crystals, liquid 
crystals, electro-optic polymers)
+-
+-
e
c
t
r
o
d
e
s
   
 magneto-optic materials (Faraday Effect and Kerr Effect), 
 electro/thermo-chromic materials 
 chemicals that induce refractive index changes
 ti l t i l th t d d t t d
+-
+-
+-
T
r
a
n
s
p
a
r
e
n
t
 
e
l
e
op ca  ma er a s a  epen  on empera ure an  pressure
 New prototype SOM characterization system with 
advanced software is under development at NASA LaRC. 
 Intensity, phase, and polarization of passing lights through 
+-T
many new optical materials while applying various 
physical/chemical quantities on the materials.
 A miniaturized compact system has USB interface and 
exchangeable components for various R&D and 
commercial applications
+ -
(b)
 . 
 This innovative versatile SOM characterization system and 
characterized optical materials will be used for complete 
micro spectrometer system. 
 Commercialization of this system accelerates development
Ti
O
Dipole
Moment
3+
2-
      
of new optical materials and devices.
Ba3+
Non-linear optical crystal
Smart Optics Material Characterization System
(a) Electro-Optic Materials: liquid crystal, non-linear crystal (b) Reflective samples: MEMS device, piezoelectric actuator 
materials, thermal expansion coefficient measurement
EO-Sample 
Holder
Reflective 
Sample
Focusing Lens
Electrodes
Magnetic 
Sample 
Holder
(d) Chemical sample holder, temperature/pressure control
Injection 
nozzle
Heater,
Refrigerator
Coil,
Magnet
(c) Magneto-optical materials: Kerr effect, Faraday effect
Smart Optics Material 
Ch i i Saracter zat on ystem
SOM Characterizer Software
Dynamic Phase Map Analysis
Time
+10V
Time
+10V
-1.5V
+1.5V
-1.5V
+1.5V
-10V -10V
Liquid Crystal Single Layer Liquid Crystal Double Layer
Time
+10V
Phase Angle Measurement
10V
0˚ 0˚360˚720˚ 360˚ 720˚
-
-45˚
180˚540˚ 540˚180˚ 900˚900˚
Mobile Wireless Power Transfer with Micro Coil 
and Microwave 
Receiver
0o degreeMicro Induction Coil (MIC) Thin-Film Rectenna Array (TFRA)
Driver
90o degree
Hat Module
Short Range (1~10cm) SolutionBattery
Flexible Membrane Inductor 3 x 3 flexible rectenna
Microwave 
Transmitter
Microwave 
0
m
Inductor
Power Transfer
Master
Logic
Circuit
1
~
1
Rectenna
Planar Coil Inductor
Time-varying Magnetic Field:
Induction Power Transfer
Wireless Power Transfer
Inductance Power Transfer Microwave Power Transfer
• 0-3 cm,  short range
• Safe for human interaction
• low power applications
• 1-1000 m,  long range
• Low to high power applications
Thin-Film Rectenna Array (TFRA)
Microwave Test Setup
V
)
3
4
5
at 40"
at 40" thru skin
at 50"
at 50" thru skin
at 60"
Planar  Coils Coil powering an LED Flexible Rectenna Array
Frequency (GHz)
8 9 10 11 12 13
O
u
t
p
u
t
 
V
o
l
t
a
g
e
s
 
(
V
0
1
2
at 60" thru skin
u
t
p
u
t
 
P
o
w
e
r
 
(
m
W
)
1e-3
1e-2
1e-1
1e+0
1e+1
1e+2
at 40"
at 40" thru skin
at 50"
at 50" thru skin
at 60"
at 60 " thru skin 
Coil Test Setup Microwave Generator 
and Amplifier
Frequency (GHz)
8 9 10 11 12 13
O
1e-6
1e-5
1e-4
8 mm
PPD Logic (internal) with TFRA or MIC
PowerPower El t dModulatorReceiver ec ro es
Sensor E
l
d
 
a
XOR
Sensor C
Sensor T
a
m
p
l
e
/
H
o
l
)
 
M
o
d
u
l
e
 
 
 
 
O
u
t
e
m
e
t
r
y
 
 
 
 
a
/
R
e
c
t
e
n
n
XOR
XOR
 
Sensor P
S
y
n
c
 
S
a
(
S
S
H
I
n
 
 
 
T
e
l
e
A
n
t
e
n
n
a
XOR
X
Sensor Trigger/Sequence Unit
XO
R
Wireless Power and Logic Control Unit Probe-Pin Device (PPD)
Features of Probe Pin Device 
 Selection of Targeted Spectral Line for µ-SM:
600 nm <  < 1000 nm
 Spectral Resolution: ≤ 10 nm
 Downsize of Micro-Spectrometer:
1.5
mm
< 2 mm
 Platform Design for Other Sensors Integration:   
p, T, V, and chemicals
> 5 cm Wireless Power Feeder and Integration:   
both MIC and MW
 Telemetry Circuit and Test with Skin Tissue:
FM mode
 Chip-scale Design of Electronics:
Miniaturization
Summary
 Neural Sensing Probe Pin Device with micro-spectrometer is under 
development.
 Micro Spectrometer Component Test Platform was set up.
Th ld’ ll t ti l th l (1 3 hi d ith 0 75 di t ) e wor s sma es  op ca  pa  vo ume mm was ac eve  w  . mm ame er.  
 This is 1/1000th volume compared with today’s smallest commercial spectrometers (1cm3)
 Demo model developed with actuator-controlled focal length as a stop-gap approach
 All basic electronics for sensor, telemetry, and power coupling were fabricated, but required chip-
l i i t i tisca e m n a ur za on 
 Prototype SOM characterization system is developed to measure intensity, 
phase, and polarization of passing lights through many new optical materials 
while applying various physical/chemical quantities on the materials       .
 A miniaturized compact system has USB interface and exchangeable components for various R&D 
and commercial applications. 
 SOM system and software are Tech-Transfer ready
 Wireless Power Transmission test using polyurethane layers and pig skin was 
satisfactorily performed. 
 MIC was proven to be effective for short range power transmission, like a hat system
 TFRA was effective for short (near-field capacitive coupling) and long (far-field) range power 
transmission.


Development of Micro-Spectrometer for Neural Probe with Wireless Power Feed

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