This viewgraph presentation reviews the standards for space flight hardware based on human capabilities and limitations. The contents include: 1) Scope; 2) Applicable documents; 3) General; 4) Human Physical Characteristics and Capabilities; 5) Human Performance and Cognition; 6) Natural and Induced Environments; 7) Habitability Functions; 8) Architecture; 9) Hardware and Equipment; 10) Crew Interfaces; 11) Spacesuits; 12) Operatons: Reserved; 13) Ground Maintenance and Assembly: Reserved; 14) Appendix A-Reference Documents; 15) Appendix N-Acronyms and 16) Appendix C-Definition. Volume 2 is supported by the Human Integration Design Handbook (HIDH)s

Davis, Jeffrey R.

Fitts, David J.

NASA Technical Reports Server

Space Flight Human System
Standards (SFHSS), Volume 2
“Human Factors, Habitability &
Environmental Factors”
and
Human Integration Design
Handbook (HIDH)
Jeffrey R. Davis, MD
David Fitts
NASA Space Life Sciences
1
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20090026456 2019-08-30T07:22:34+00:00Z
Space Flight Human System Standards
• Space Flight Human Systems Standards (SFHSS) have
been developed are entered into the NASA
Engineering Standards Program (NESP) for approval
– SFHSS is directed at minimizing health and performance risks to
flight crew in human space flight programs
– SFHSS provides Agency-level statements for derivation of
program-specific requirements
– Two volumes:
– Volume 1: Crew Health
– Standards for fitness for duty, permissible exposure and outcome limits, levels of medical
care, medical diagnosis, intervention, treatment, care, and countermeasures
– Approved into the NESP
– Volume 2: Human Factors, Habitability and Environmental Health
– Standards for space flight hardware based on human capabilities and limitations
– Submitted to the NESP
– Designated “NASA-STD-3001”; Supercedes NASA-STD-3000
2
SFHSS, Vol. 2,
Human Factors, Habitability & Environmental Factors
• Environmental, Human Factors, & Habitability
“SHALL” statements previously in NASA-STD-3000
• Accompanied by the Human Integration Design
Handbook (HIDH), containing detailed information
and background to Volume 2
– Derived from NASA-STD-3000 but updated
• Developed with multi-Center subject matter
expertise: medical, human factors, environments,
habitability, and engineering
3
SFHSS, Volume 2, Contents
Table of Contents:
• Section 1 – Scope
• Section 2 –Applicable
Documents
• Section 3 –General
• Section 4 – Human
Physical Characteristics &
Capabilities
• Section 5 – Human
Performance & Cognition
• Section 6 – Natural &
Induced Environments
• Section 7 – Habitability
Functions
• Section 8 –Architecture
• Section 9 – Hardware &
Equipment
• Section 10 – Crew Interfaces
• Section 11 – Spacesuits
• Section 12 – Operations: Reserved
• Section 13 –Ground Maintenance
& Assembly: Reserved
• Appendix A – Reference
Documents
• Appendix B – Acronyms
• Appendix C – Definitions
Note: The HIDH Table of Contents is the same for ease of reference
4
Evolution of NASA-STD-3000
• NASA-STD-3000:
Man-System Integration Standards (MSIS)
– First baselined Agency-wide in the late 1980’s
– NASA’s first space flight human & environmental
factors, and habitation standard
• Applicable to space flight systems with human crews
• Targeting systems design to support human health and
productivity in space flight programs
– First adopted by the International Space Station
Program (ISSP) as SSP 50005, “ISS Flight Crew
Integration (FCI) Standards”
• MSIS was written primarily for Space Station architecture
5
Evolution of NASA-STD-3000 (cont’d)
• Drivers behind the need to update/replace NASA-STD-3000
– Too comprehensive
• Programs want only well-written, verifiable, “bottom line” statements
of intent—i.e., standards
– The MSIS covered too much in a single document:
• Human/Systems Integration (HSI) Standards
• Descriptive HSI discipline knowledge in human space flight
• Lessons learned
• Examples
– Other criticisms:
• Too ISS-centric
• Delved beyond functional intent and into design solutions
• Some requirements’ verifiability was questioned
• Not updated as often as originally planned
• Not updated with technology changes or lessons learned
6
From NASA-STD-3000 to Vol. 2 & HIDH
• No essential data in NASA-STD-3000 is being deleted
• MSIS standards (“SHALL”s) are flowing to SFHSS, Volume 2
– Stand-alone statements reinforced with rationales
– 177 pages, including appendices (156 without)
• MSIS discipline data and details are flowing to the HIDH
– New document. Handbook, not a standard. More pages than the MSIS
– Cross-referenced to SFHSS, Volume 2. Identical Table of Contents
– Online publication designed for frequent updates
7
From NASA-STD-3000 to Vol. 2 & HIDH (cont’d)
• Transferring MSIS data to two documents enhances access
and usability
– Vol. 2 Standards are succinct and in a format useful to Programs and Projects
– HIDH supporting data can be more readily updated when new information
becomes available via lessons learned, experience, and research
– Cost-effective: HIDH data not maintained and reviewed at NESP expense
• Both documents have been pre-coordinated through several
multi-Center reviews
• HIDH will enter NASA Scientific & Technical Information (STI)
Program publication at the same time Volume 2 enters NESP
– July, 2009
8
Human Integration Design
Handbook (HIDH)
NASA Human Integration
Design Handbook
Office of the Chief Health
and Medical Officer
Space Flight Human
Systems Standard (SFHSS):
â Vol. 1 Crew Health
â Vol. 2 Habitability and
Environmental Health
NASA-STD-3000
NASA Space Flight Human
System Standard
Volume 1	 NASA Space Flight Human
Crew Health	 System Standard
Office of the Chief Volume 2
and Medical Officer
Habitability and
Environmental Health
Office of the Chief Health
Basic	 and Medical Officer
November 2006
National Aeronautics and
Space AdministrationBasic
TBD
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
• Agency-Level Standards
Human-System Integration
Requirements (HSIR)
• Standards
• Background Data
• Design Guidance
• Reference Data
CxP 70024
Revision A
Release Date: October 30, 2007
CONSTELLATION PROGRAM
HUMAN-SYSTEM
INTEGRATION REQUIREMENTS5
Basic
TBD
National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
Updated...
• Background Data
• Design Guidance
• Reference Data
• Lessons Learned
• Examples
• Program-Specific Requirements
9
Current Status: NASA-STD-3000
0 NASA-STD-3000, MSIS, was last formally updated in 1995
0 NASA-STD-3000 remains the
ISSP- or CxP-specific)--NASA
until the SFHSS, Volume 2, is
current generic--(not the
human/systems standard
baselined in late 2009
Current Status: SFHSS, Volume 2
0 May 21, 2009, Baseline Draft delivered to NASA HQ
Office of the Chief Engineer (OCE) from the OCHMO on
June 15th, 2009, for subsequent NASA Engineering
Standards Program (NESP) entry
• Release by the NESP initiates Agency-wide dissemination
and review
10
Program-specific HSI Requirements
• Since the creation of NASA-STD-3000, the two
major NASA human spaceflight Programs have
created and controlled Program-specific HSI
requirements based on the -3000 standards
– Space Station-specific implementation is SSP 50005, ISS
Flight Crew Integration (FCI) Standards
• Baselined in 1994
– Constellation-specific implementation is CxP 70024,
Human Systems Integration Requirements (HSIR)
• Baselined December 15, 2006; Currently at Revision C1
• SFHSS, Volume 2, acknowledges and supports
– Requires creation of program-specific requirements
11
NPR 7123.1
NASA SE
Processes
& Reqts
CxP 70013
CxP SEMP
From Standards to Program-Specific Requirements
•NASA Systems Engineering Processes & Reqts
addresses tailoring for NASA Programs/Projects
– Appendix F: Tailoring
• The CxP SE Management Plan is the Program-
Specific version used for MSIS-to-HSIR
– Appendix C: Standards & Specs Tailoring
•NASA Human Rating Requirements
– Currently invokes SFHSS, Vol. 1 and NASA-STD-
3000 on human space flight programs
– Will invoke Vol. 2 when NESP baselined
– Might invoke both through NPR 8900.1
NPR 8705.2
NASA
Human
Rating
Reqts
* NASA Health & Medical Requirements
– Top level HMTA Procedure
– Directs establishing Volume 1 and Volume 2
(NASA-STD-3000 until Vol. 2 is baselined)
NPR 8900.1
Health &
Medical Reqts
for Human
Space
Exploration
12
From Standards to Program-Specific Reqts: Example #1
SFHSS,
Vol. 2
HIDH
CxP
HSIR
•Water Quantity standard:
– “The system shall provide sufficient quantities of potable
water per crewmember per mission day to support food
rehydration in addition to a minimum quantity of 2.0 kg (4.4
lbs) of potable water per crewmember per mission day for
drinking.”
•HIDH information:
– Water quantity needed per person for drinking is well defined
– Water quantity needed for food hydration is highly dependent on the
design of the food system. Current systems (Shuttle, ISS) require
approximately 0.5 kg per crewmember per mission day for rehydration
of food based on 2007 use ratios of thermostabilized, freeze-dried, and
natural-form foods from the ISS menu. ...etc.
* Water Quantity requirement:
– “The system shall provide a minimum of 2.0 kg (4.4 lb) of
potable water per crewmember per mission day for drinking
and a minimum of 0.5 kg (1.1 lb) of potable water per
crewmember per mission day for food rehydration.”
– (Orion SRD: Potable Water Tankage: “The Orion shall provide tankage for a
minimum of 2.5 kg (5.5 lbs) of potable water per crewmember per mission day
for drinking and rehydration of food.”)
13
From Standards to Program-Specific Reqts: Example #2
SFHSS,
Vol. 2
•Anthropometry & Biomechanics standard:
– “Each program shall identify or develop an anthropometry,
biomechanics, aerobic capacity, and strength data set for the
crewmember population to be accommodated, in support of all
requirements in this document.”
– Also more specific data on the applicability body length, range of
motion and reach
* HIDH information:
– HIDH contains significant information on the derivation of
HIDH
	
anthropometry and biomechanics data—e.g., populations,
critical dimensions—as well as considerable information on
how to apply the data during space flight systems design
CxP
HSIR
* Anthropometry & Biomechanics requirement:
– “The system shall provide fit, access, reach, view and
operation of human system interfaces in crew functional areas
for unsuited crewmembers as defined in Appendix B, Tables
B1-1 through B1-8.”
14
From Standards to Program-Specific Reqts: Example #3
* Air Temperature standard:
SFHSS,
Vol. 2
– “The system shall maintain the atmospheric temperature
within the range of 18 ºC (64.4 º F) to 27 ºC (80.6 º F) during all
nominal operations, excluding suited operations, ascent, entry,
landing, and post-landing.”
HIDH
CxP
HSIR
• HIDH information:
– “Maintaining proper atmospheric temperature is important for
maintaining a safe body core temperature, and is also important for
comfort. Humans can survive in a wide range of atmospheric
temperatures over various amounts of time, but human comfort
without use of thermal protective garments requires a fairly narrow
temperature range. The Space Shuttle temperature can be controlled
within the range of 18-27 ºC (64-81 ºF)”...etc.
* Air Temperature requirement:
– “The system shall maintain the atmospheric temperature
within the range of 18 ºC (64.4 º F) to 27 ºC (80.6 º F) during all
nominal operations, excluding suited operations, ascent, entry,
landing, and post-landing.”
15
Potential CxP Impacts from Vol. 2 Baseline
• Most all Volume 2 standards have CxP 70024, HSIR parallels
– The CxP HSIR preceded the creation of Volume 2 and served as a source
– Technically, when baselined, Volume 2 standards will be the “parents”
of HSIR “children” requirements
• In two areas, Volume 2 standards will need review by the CxP for
inclusion into the HSIR as new requirements
– Human-Centered Design Process
• Currently being pursued for Orion despite there being no Volume 2 or HSIR
driver
• SOW and process proposals will be readied for Altair before contract initiated
• Strategic SLSD plan is to also pursue inclusion in NASA Systems Engineering
Handbook and NPR 7120.5, NASA Program Management Plan
– Two “Reserved” Chapters
• Ground Maintenance & Assembly – much content already in HSIR
• Operations –to begin development in FY10
16
Plan for maintaining SFHSS, Volume 2
• Periodic review with 5-year cycles is “typical” for NASA
standards.
– A process document is in development for the periodic “call” for updated
data/information prior to cyclical NESP review
– Additional processes will be in place for interim revisions between 5-year calls
– A change in Volume 2 will initiate review of comparable HIDH section (and vice
versa)
• Updated information will vetted through Space Life Sciences
and extended SME communities prior to formal Agency-wide
N ESP review
17
Summary
• Space Flight Human Systems Standards (SFHSS) created
– Volume 1	 = Crew Health
– Volume 2	 = Human Factors, Habitability and Environmental Health
• supported by the Human Integration Design Handbook (HIDH)
– Both comprise NASA-STD-3001
– Both driven by NPR 8900.1, HMTA reqts and invoked by NPR 8705.2, HRR
– Applicable to all human space flight programs and projects
• Information in NASA-STD-3000 migrated to the SFHSS
– 1) SFHSS, Vol. 2 = Human & Environmental Factors and Habitability Standards
– 2) HIDH	 = Additional supporting data
• Human-centered Program-specific requirements are derived
from the SFHSS with supporting help from the HIDH
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Space Flight Human System Standards (SFHSS)

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