The diploma thesis is devoted to nihilism in the modern world, as shown in writings of Friedrich Nietzsche and Albert Camus. Non-existence of a finite sense of human acting is a key assumption to nihilism. The paper is trying to find a way out of non-sense, that is, out of nihilism. However, first we must accept nihilism as a whole. Only then we can overcome its negative aspects by human will. There is a parallel with the major role of philosophy according to Nietzsche; not a restatement of old thoughts, but a new thinking - revaluation of all values. This thinking must have not solely a new form, but also new conclusions. Albert Camus regards the loss of a finite sense as an omnipresent absurdity, which shall be overcome with a new attitude to life: a rebellion
