The electrical/electronics, technology area was considered. It was found that there are no foreseeable circuit or component problems to hinder the implementation of the flywheel energy storage concept. The definition of the major component or technology developments required to permit a technology ready date of 1987 was addressed. Recommendations: motor/generators, suspension electronics, power transfer, power conditioning and distribution, and modeling. An introduction to the area of system engineering is also included

Schoenfeld, A. D.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

Jl I --
N85 13853
ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS WORKING GROUP SUMMARY
Arthur D. Schoenfeld, TRW, Chairman
TNTRODUCTION
Thts panel coosidered the eleetrtca.T/electrontcs technology area. The
major conclusion az-_slug from the d_sc_usstons held by th4s SToup is that there
are no foreseeable ctrc,,4t or component proble=s (Figure 1) to b_nder the
implementation of the fl_heel e_erg7 storage concept. Therefore, the member-
s_p of this panel addressed £tse-_ to the defiuitiou of the major component or
tectmolog 7 developments ¢eq,,4red to permit a technolog7 ready date of 1987.
There were 13 participants in these paue.L discussions. Their names and
afftliat_ous are 4_cluded in Table 1 at the end of tl_s su_ry.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECONNEND&TIONS
The cow_tctee reco_-endatlons deal _th the following items: motor/
generators, suspension electronlcs, power transfer, power condlClon_ng and
disL-L-ibur_Lon, and modeling. Tn addition, an _L_oduction to the area of system
engtneerl_g ls also included.
i
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19850005544 2020-03-22T17:37:16+00:00Z
2. Motor/Cenerator Electronics
:-=_ 'i_ -:/' "'- " _':'i _%-'----_---
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The motor/generatoE electronics, or charge-discharge electronics, lue_ be
optimized for efflelency (Figure 3). The cooli_ of these c.lrcu£r_ ir£D become
a problem, since dense packaglng w_11 be employed, possibly _nslde tbe rotor.
There£ore, therlal control must be addressed early lu the development phase.
Selection of the number of motor/generator poles mint be made in concert
_r_h the selecciou of the eleccrouics s_rfcehing frequency. The_e is a certain
relationship becveen the output frequency of the generator and _he elecCron£cs
which process and coutrol that power output. Coord£uac£on of these 8eleer.£ous
_s essential to iusure that they are h_h enough co provide for high energy
density, but not so high as co present a proble_ to the electronics and result
in m_acceptable operating effictenc_es.
The required and achievable speed/momentum control accuracy o£
couuterroCatlng _' s muse be a_alyzed and properly spec£fled. This is o£
_-pecial concern if the flywheels are used for storage only rather than
iucegrated rich the attitude control system. The spec£ficaCion of momentum
control accuracy £n counterrotar-_ug un£ts, £n addition to speed contro_
accuracy, is necessary, since _o_enC_ is not a _mction of only rocatlona_
speed.
3. Suspension S_stem Electronics
It _ concluded that: !1o critical electronics technology issues exist _n
this area. It is pr£aa_ly a sensor and feedback conCroZ proble_ (F_ure 4),
which Is covered by a separate worki_ g_oup.
4. power Comiicion_ng and Distribur_ton
The input and output voltage of tbe inertial storage device should be high
voltage de. Direct c_rent £uter_aces are easy to de, he. In addit£on, dc
system c_m _ead_y he paralleled 4_ redm_lant _odule_. For hi_-_ appl_ca-
t_on_, a value of 200+ volts _ felt to be in the appropriate range. Tn add£-
r_o_ to the chaxg_ha_$e e£ec_con4cs (F£gure 5), the_ _s a need for solar
array volcage-l_n_c£ug or volcage-re_aC/ng c_rcuttry. The Space Station wLU
have variable demands placed on its po_er system by the changd_ payloads, w_th
the pre<Ltecable loads be_Lu_ pt-/smr/_y chose of the spacecra£C housekeep_
systems. Therefore, there wilt be eondt_ions when the _l.Chdrmml of ener_ fre8
the storage _t.s w_].l be con_£derably sm_l_e_ _ Uae anr._LpaCed average. _n
_uch a coudictou, there _ be uore energy in the arrays than _m be absorbed
by the _uerC_ _ _lchout operating them at speeds above their design
lASts. Thus, if no control £s placed ou the array, _ overvoltage condition
result _o_ch _ adversely a_£ecC the elecrzon£cs a_s_Ced with the
energy storage and\ power discr_bar_on systems.
Another protection _easure _x_ch nusc be l_co_porated _n Che'electncou_cs oF
be an inhereu_ feature of _ ener_ storage system des_4pa £s a means of survey-
the fai.lure of a paral_Teled _ s_or_e _dule. Of pa_r__cular concern _s
the output of a h_gher Chart allowable voltage m_er such _a_lure coudi_-lons.
S. Power Transfer Across Rotat_ Inte_-£aces
A dc rotary power transfer iuteL-£a_e t8 recommended between the solar _-Tay
and the e_ergy storage system (Figure 6), and £t appea_ that the requ_
technology is _ell _n hand. The ror2a_Lx_ whee_ ene_r stoz_Ke dav_e by icsel_
does not _wqu_re rowdy power _ansfer _nterfaces, s_nce the power is eol_ec_ed
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from the statlooary element of the unit. Approaches for effectlug power traus-
fer across rotati_ interfaces, such as presented by gimbals, Include slip rir_s
and roll tines. A paper was presented on the roll ring concept at this
symposiL_.
6. Aualytical Hodeli_ and Simulation
Since it is unlikely that it vt17 be possible to perform =11 the desired or
even necessary casting, It wLll be essential to produce we/I-documented and
well-analyzed designs. Therefore, it is rec_ended that, in parallel _rlth the
development of the hardware, _>deling and simulation of the energy storage
system be addressed (Figure 7). The rot_l electrical power system shall be
modeled and analyzed to include the static and dynamic behavior of the motor/
generator and ir_ electronics, the magnetic suspension system, the interfacing
solar array, and the power dls_rlbutlon and condltlonlng systems. This
modeling must: incorporate the proper scali_ factors for extrapolatiou and
correlatlon of scaled-down hardware test results co full-scale storaEe modules.
The model(s) generated as a part of _his effort will be Instrumental in
developing emerEy storaEe system management strategies for normal and abnormal
operations. Since a Space-Stat_on--t-ype _ system w_ll have _ndependent pouer
buses _rlth s_flcant redundancy requ/rements, parallel modules are going to be
_ecessary. Therefore_ an energy management system is essential.
7. Technology Development Program
To demonstrate technoloEy readiness (Figure 8), it is necessary to
establish a data base derived from analytical studies, as well a._ performance
and llfe testi_E. The requ/rements of ?.he system must be defined, and a config-
uration _ust be selected as early as possible in order tO _-_t a 1987 technology
ready dat_ a_endan_ to the Space Star, on _Lssion. The hish efficiency of the
motor/generator and assocla_ed elec_ronics and the quality of the power
produced by _his storage system, as well as its dynast performance capabil£ty,
_as_ be delonsUrated. _he /n_e_r_ted energy storage un/_, i.e. the rotor,
motor/Eenerator, msEner_c suspension, and electro-_cs, must be casted, and its
performance as an iudtvtd ua.l device, as well as an e.le_ent of
paralleled scoraEe modules, m_: be evaluated. An output of such tes_f_ w_ll
be _he .de_,onstratton of the sroraEe system enerEy balance, redundaucy, and
fa/lure recovery manaEement capability. An integral part of the system
evaluat.ton is life _estt=E to esr_abl/sh the credlb_li_y of thls concept as a
long l_fe sCor_e sy_em capable of essenr/ally unl£_ed operational cycles.
_ONCINDIRC
It _ms fel_ mmu/_ously by _e ---betsof _ _orking gro_ chat Ch_ _ a
viable teclmoloE_. It _s a l_o_Lsi_g CechnoloEy for low Earth orbit energy
storage, which should be p_Tsued, re_a_dle.ss of _hecher t_ can progra=_acically
sa_Lsf_ the needs of rbe early Space S_at-lon or _bether it w111 "he integrated
wlrh r_e aEtltude control funccton_ or be used as an energy storage approach
only. Inr_Eratlon of r_ese functions into one system _s preferred, but the
quest/on as to _ns lapleaen_ae£ou was left _o be resolved by the system studles.
31
EI_C'r_CAL/_._CZI_ICZCS WORY_I_ G'_OUP
A. D. Schoenfe__
F. NoJl_
P o Jacobson
G. _ers
R. Hockney
G. E. godr/4gu_
_. T. McLyman
D. P.enz
B. Berman
K. Jue_ensen
g. Deck_
S. Gross
o_o_
ZRW
I_k,SA-MSFC
Sperry Sl_ce S_t_
S_ee Syst_
C. S. Draper Lab
NASA-CSFC
J-PL
c_. Or_ee System
NAS&-Le_.C
Ro_ Znte_rna_t.om_
NASA_C
Boe.:l,Qg d_.ros-pace
32
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PHONE
(213).536-1972
(205)453-_2..55
(602)869-2323
(_02)869-2.7_8
(617)258-4051
(2_3)3s4--_o
(413)49_4
(226)433--4000
(213) 594-2_45
(205)_53-3770 '
(213)536-3073
(206)773-.1198
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- THERE &RE NO IDENTIFIABLE ¢_RC_YT Og _)tlPONENT SHO_'TOPPF_
- 1987 "I_O[_OLOGY READINESS RE(_XRES D_(_ OF PROGRAM
OBJECTIVES BY ANALYSIS _ P]_I_PE _ 0_' AN INTEGRATED
SYST191 CONI__ON
- _ &gE NO _ "IZCHNXC_L BE_LqONS TO DENOI_'TRATE
VI._II.---TY 'mm)UCH Iq..IGHT _Zb'TXN6
Ft4_re l
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SYSTEM ENrCD,d'_P,IelG
341,
_ASED 0_i SPACE STATION ItZQ_ All) TI_C_O_
STUDIES, DEFINE FL_ SYSTEM AND COMPONENTS_ AND
INTERFACES. _ OF I_E MOP.ECRITICAL DESIGN COIISDI)EP,A_ON5
ARE
- PEAK POMER AND _ RESE2VE lfAIIGINS
- FULL LOAD (_--./DISC_tmCE EFFICIENCY AM) STANDBY
LOSSES
- MOINLA2ITY, _DUND_d_, AND
- _ AND DYNANIC STABILrI_ (_a]ta_STICS"
- SUSFEI_ION SI"I_ CSAm_:rE_ST_CS
F_ure 2
tHO'fOR/GEN_R ELECTNONICS
- 14-0 AND EI.I_CT_NICS 0PTIKIZI_ FOR EFFICIENCY
- P_PER COOLII_ OF THE ELEC'I'ROb,'ICCONPONEN'_ _ F..EQUII_ HEAT
PIPES
_mx s_scTxos oF _sE m._-_s_cs s_'zcau_,..._Q_CY
- 1_ _IIZl) al_ ACKII_AN._ SPEED/NOIq_rl'_ (_)NTROL ACCURACY OF
C_trl'E_l_T.&T'J_ H"G'S SHAIJ., ]_ ANALYZED AND PROPERLY
DEFINED j
Figure 3
SOSPImSlOM _ ELECTS
XTXS_A__ _B_X (xmr_2G_
- _o
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ANALYTZCAI. ._OD]_LZNCAND $.I_I_ZON
- AS PA£T OF THE _ ENY_'Y STORAGE DEV'ELOPNENTPROGRAH THE
STATIC _ID DYNA_C BEHAVIOR OF THE _UZ'ORJGENF.RATOR AHD ITS
ELECTRONZCS, _ NaCI_'I'ZC SUSPENSION, AND _ ELECTRICAL PO_R
SYSTEM (CONSISTING OF I_E SOLAR ARRAY, ENERGY STORAGE, FOW]_
DISTRIBOTION AND CONDITIONING) SHALL BE MODELED kND ANALYZED
- DEFINE P_OPER SCALZI_ FACTORS FOR TI_ £XTgAPOLA.TI_T AND
CORREIA..TZGNOF SCALED-DOll DEVELOPHEN'r MODEL TEST RF_.SULTSWITH
_-SC6LE COHPONEN_ AI_ SYST_ PERFORN_fCE
- D£VELOP m_I0_'Y Sl'ORAGE SI'S'I"Jm ]£LqAGE_IEFf STRA.TECIES POR lqO]mhL
CONSIST OF P_ _ STORAGE NODaI.ES CONFICUZED IN
mTLTDPI.E _ POU_ DISTRIBOTION ]roSES)
le_4_ure 7
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F
lf_JOR STEPS _'OR&]_D I_CHNOLOGY DEfELOPNENT
(FOZ 1987 1_,CHNOLOGY READINESS)
- DE]_I:I_ mq_Ju_e_rl's
- _ r..SND_ COLTIGORk.TION
- DEI,IONSTRATE HIGH _'rlcl_Ncy _.G AM) EI,E_CS
- _ _ (_AI,I'I'Y (VOLT._Z _OI_TION _ B.IPPLE) _ID
DYNA]_C PEB.I_m_m(:_
- i_JONSTR&.TE ]:N'I'EGB_TED 14"G AND _C _SP_I_ SYST_q
PI_'OilMkNCE OF PAI_6.LI..EL_ _ S'I'OB,_E ]m_[.ES
- I)_R_STJ_a.1_ _ _ _ _ B_..,L,'qCE, R_)OI_:,INCY,
._lqD leAIIIJ_ ISOOVE_ _
- LII_ _
- COI_PI:LE DATA BSSE PO_ _ II_.&D_ I_OtqSTRA.TION
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Electrical/electronics working group summary

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