Opening remarks for the workshop are given. A description of the workshop and a schedule of the committee meetings are presented. Tables of suggested questions for discussion and lists of the individual participants for the various committees are also presented

Frost, W.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

METEOROLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL 
INPUTS TO AVIATION SYSTEMS 
March 8-10, 1977 
Opening Remarks 
Walter Frost, Director 
Atmospheric Science Division 
The University of Tennessee Space Institute 
Description of Workshop 
disciplines of the aviation communities, for example, designers, 
pilots and general service personnel with meteorologists and 
atmospheric scientists in round table discussions which will 
establish those areas where environmental data is currently 
available and useable for engineer and operational applica- 
tions; where data is available but not useful in the existing 
format; and where data is unavailable and should be determined. 
Suggested priorities on the required research will be established. 
Additionally, attempts to define consistent terminology between 
the aviation and environmental communities will be made. 
The workshop is organized such that morning sessions 
consist of invited presentations which provide overviews of the 
general areas selected for round table discussion. Round table 
discussions will take place during the afternoon sessions where 
four fixed committees will meet separately with four floating 
committees. The make up and organization of the committees are 
as follows. 
The purpose of this workshop is to bring together 
2 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19780011769 2020-03-20T13:13:48+00:00Z
Committees and Working Sessions Format. 
members w i l l  be assembled t o  cover t h e  areas of  (1) Aircraft  
Design, (2 )  General Se rv ices ,  (3 )  Simulation; and ( 4 )  General 
Aviat ion.  Each committee w i l l  address a l i s t  of ques t ions  
pe r t a in ing  t o  t h e i r  t o p i c  area and any a d d i t i o n a l  ques t ions  
generated during t h e  d iscuss ion .  
committee have e x p e r t i s e  i n  t h e  genera l  t o p i c  area. Four 
a d d i t i o n a l  f l o a t i n g  committees cons i s t ing  of four  t o  f ive  
people having e x p e r t i s e  i n  meteorology, environmental f a c t o r s ,  
f l y i n g ,  acc ident  i n v e s t i g a t i o n ,  nav iga t ion ,  e t c .  have been 
organized. 
Working sess ions  where each of t h e  f l o a t i n g  committees 
m e e t  i nd iv idua l ly  wi th  each of t h e  s p e c i f i c  o r  f i x e d  committees 
are conducted according t o  t h e  schedule given i n  Table 1. A 
suggested l i s t  of quest ions f o r  t h e  ind iv idua l  committees i s  
given i n  Table 2 .  These quest ions are simply t o  genera te  
d iscuss ion  and t h e  committee may address a l l ,  some, o r  none of 
t h e  proposed ques t ions  as they deem necessary and appropr ia t e .  
Committees cons i s t ing  of a chairman and approximately four  
The personnel making up each 
Each committee chairman has w r i t t e n  a summary of t h e  
proceedings p e r t a i n i n g  t o  h i s  t o p i c  area f o r  t h e  f i n a l  documen- 
t a t i o n  of t h e  workshop. These summaries are given i n  Sect ion 111 
of t h e  proceedings.  The t h i r d  day sess ion  cons is ted  of each 
chairman present ing  a summary of t h e i r  intended write-ups stemming 
from t h e  d iscuss ions  conducted throughout t h e  preceeding days. 
General comments and recommendations from t h e  e n t i r e  group w e r e  
c a l l e d  f o r  a t  t h i s  t i m e  and t h e s e  w e r e  incorpora ted  by t h e  respec-  
t ive  chairmen i n t o  t h e i r  committee r e p o r t s .  
included i n  t h e  proceedings i n  Sect ion 11. The schedule of 
The i n v i t e d  papers presented i n  t h e  morning sess ions  are 
3 
a 
ac t iv i t i es  and committee make up are given i n  Tables 3 and 4 ,  
r e s p e c t i v e l y .  
The o rgan iza t ion  of t h e  workshop w a s  c a r r i e d  out  by 
the persons l i s t e d  i n  Table 5 .  
Sect ion  I of t h e  proceedings gives t h e  welcoming 
addresses  by Robert L. Young of UTSI ,  and W i l l i a m  W. Vaughan 
of NASA/MSFC, as w e l l  as t h e  banquet address by M r .  Newton 
A .  Lieurance and h i s  b ib l iography.  
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Table  2 
Suggested Quest ions f o r  Discuss ion  
A) LIST OF SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR GENERAL SERVICE COMMITTEE 
1. 
2. 
3. 
4 .  
5. 
6 .  
7. 
8. 
9. 
10. 
11. 
12.  
13. 
How a c c u r a t e  does a 0-30 minute  f o r e c a s t  have t o  be? Should we be 
bo thered  w i t h  a 0-30 minute  f o r e c a s t ?  
How a c c u r a t e  do S l a n t  V i sua l  Range measurements need t o  be and do 
w e  need SVR systems? 
What are t h e  problems w i t h  t h e  a c o u s t i c  r a d a r  system, and is  i t  
r e l i a b l e ;  f o r  example, dur ing  thunderstorms? 
Is it worth t h e  c o s t  t o  ma in t a in  a mesonet? 
What i n f l u e n c e  w i l l  l i g h t e r  than  a i r  v e h i c l e s  have on me teo ro log ica l  
i n p u t s ?  
What i s  t h e  s t a t u s  of l i g h t n i n g  p r o t e c t i o n  and what are t h e  gaps 
i n  our knowledge of t h e  l i g h t n i n g  phenomenon? 
Is snow removal a problem and are me teo ro log ica l  i n p u t s  needed i n  
t h i s  area? 
Is t h e  t r a i l i n g  v o r t e x  problem s t r o n g l y  dependent on me teo ro log ica l  
c o n d i t i o n s ,  1) tempera ture  g r a d i e n t ,  and 2) wind cond i t i ons?  
What are some of t h e  me teo ro log ica l  problems t h a t  are p e c u l i a r  t o  o f f-  
s h o r e  a i r p o r t s ?  
How a c c u r a t e  can  a tempera ture  f o r e c a s t  b e  made? 
How much e f f o r t  should  b e  devoted t o  f o r e c a s t i n g  rare even t s?  
Would ver t ica l  v i s i b i l i t y  measurement b e  a c c e p t a b l e  over  c e i l i n g ?  
I f  so ,  over  what area should  t h e  ver t ica l  v i s i b i l i t y  be  quoted,  
ie . ,  over  t h e  runway, over  t h e  approach, e t c . ?  
Who should  t a k e  t h e  l e a d  i n  doing t h e  r e s e a r c h  f o r  developing 
a v i a t i o n  weather  s e r v i c e ?  
6 
Table 2 (Cont.) 
B) LIST OF SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR THE AIRCRAFT DESIGN COMMITTEE 
1. A r e  c u r r e n t  procedures  f o r  des ign ing  s t r u c t u r a l  components w i t h  
r e s p e c t  t o  t u rbu lence  f o r c i n g  f u n c t i o n s  adequate  a t  t h i s  t i m e  and 
i f  n o t ,  i n  what areas i s  improvement needed? For example, (1) are 
eng inee r ing  procedures  adequate  , (2) is s u f f i c i e n t  t u rbu lence  d a t a  
a v a i l a b l e  t o  do adequate  model l ing? 
2 .  A r e  s p e c t r a l  models an  improvement over  d i s c r e t e  g u s t  models? 
3 .  Under what cond i t i ons  of a i r c r a f t  de s ign  a r e ' t u r b u l e n c e  s imu la t ions  
necessary  and are t h e s e  t u rbu lence  s imu la t ion  procedures  a p p r o p r i a t e  
o r  i s  more me teo ro log ica l  d a t a  needed t o  develop a p p r o p r i a t e  
s i m u l a t i o n  techniques?  
What me teo ro log ica l  d a t a  i s  needed t o  provide  more clear c u t  certi-  
f i c a t i o n  requirements  o r  m i l  Specs? 
4 .  
5. Is wind s h e a r  a c o n s i d e r a t i o n  i n  t h e  s t r u c t u r a l  de s ign  of a i r c r a f t ?  
6 .  Is wind s h e a r  a c o n s i d e r a t i o n  i n  t h e  des ign  of a i r c r a f t  c o n t r o l  
s y s  t e m s  ? 
Is l i g h t n i n g  p reven t ion  a c o n s i d e r a t i o n  i n  t h e  des ign  of a i r c r a f t  
and i f  so ,  i s  s u f f i c i e n t  d a t a  a v a i l a b l e  t o  c a r r y  o u t  a n  adequate  
des ign?  For example, l i g h t n i n g  e f f e c t s  on d i g i t a l  systems,  l i g h t n i n g  
e f f e c t s  on composi tes ,  etc. 
To what degree  i n  t h e  des ign  of a i r c r a f t  is  me teo ro log ica l  d a t a  
needed relative t o  (a) tempera ture ,  (b)  r a i n  and h a i l  c o n d i t i o n s ,  
( c )  i c i n g  c o n d i t i o n s ,  (d)  p r e s s u r e  and d e n s i t y  c o n d i t i o n s ,  
( e )  c o r r o s i v e ,  a b r a s i v e ,  and o t h e r  harmful  c o n s i t u t e n t s  i n  t h e  
7. 
8 .  
atmosphere? 
How w e l l  can  t h e  impor tan t  parameters  i n  q u e s t i o n  8 above be f o r e c a s t  
o r  p r e d i c t e d  f o r  des ign  purposes? 
9. 
7 
a 
C) 
1. 
2. 
3 .  
4 .  
5. 
6 .  
7. 
8. 
9.  
D) 
1. 
2. 
3 .  
4 .  
5. 
Table 2 (Cont .) 
LIST OF SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR SIMULATION COMMITTEE 
I n  g e n e r a l ,  are t h e  t u rbu lence  models used i n  c u r r e n t  s i m u l a t o r s  
adequate  ? 
A r e  more a c c u r a t e  t u rbu lence  s imu la t ions  models a v a i l a b l e  which 
have n o t  been inco rpo ra t ed  i n t o  t h e  s i m u l a t o r  program? 
I f  more complete t u rbu lence  s i m u l a t i o n  techniques  were a v a i l a b l e ,  
would they  be used? 
Do c u r r e n t  s i m u l a t i o n  schemes g i v e  a proper  impress ion  of real  
tu rbu lence  ? 
I f  c u r r e n t  t u rbu lence  s i m u l a t i o n  models are n o t  adequate ,  what d a t a  
is r e q u i r e d  f o r  t h e  me teo ro log i s t s  t o  develop more r e l i a b l e  s i m u l a t i o n  
schemes ? 
What knowledge of t h e  environment i s  r e q u i r e d  t o  conduct a p p r o p r i a t e  
i n f l i g h t  s i m u l a t i o n s ?  
What in fo rma t ion  about  a tmospheric  wind speed p r o f i l e s  i s  r equ i r ed  
t o  conduct a p p r o p r i a t e  s i m u l a t i o n  f o r  (a) f l i g h t  crew t r a i n i n g ,  (b)  
a v i o n i c s  development, ( c )  a i r c r a f t  des ign?  
Is t h e r e  any c o r r e l a t i o n  between t h e  wind f i e l d  t u rbu lence  model and 
c o n d i t i o n s  of p r e c i p i t a t i o n ,  fog ,  etc. t h a t  are needed f o r  real is t ic  
f l i g h t  s i m u l a t i o n ?  
Is i t  neces sa ry  t o  s i m u l a t e  t h e  e f f e c t s  of i c i n g ,  t empera ture  
v a r i a t i o n s ,  humidi ty  v a r i a t i o n s ,  e t c . ,  and i f  so ,  is  t h e r e  s u f f i c i e n t  
me teo ro log ica l  d a t a  a v a i l a b l e  t o  c a r r y  o u t  a realist ic s imu la t ion?  
LIST OF SUGGESTED QUESTIONS FOR GENERAL AVIATION COMMITTEE 
What educa t ion  programs are needed f o r  General  Av ia t ion  p i l o t s ?  
What are some of t h e  meteorology i n p u t s  r e q u i r e d  f o r  Geaeral Avia t ion?  
How do you env i s ion  weather  b r i e f i n g s  i n  t h e  f u t u r e ?  
What are some of t h e  weaknesses of t h e  p r e s e n t  b r i e f i n g  system? 
Should v i s i b i l i t y  and/or  c e i l i n g  be  t h e  cr i ter ia  f o r  de te rmining  
approach minimums? 
8 
Table 2 (Cont.) 
6.  
7. Why must we  o r i e n t  toward ground based senso r s?  
Why no t  employ a i r b o r n e  s e n s o r s  r a t h e r  t han  ground based s e n s o r s ?  
8. What a i r b o r n e  in fo rma t ion  is  r e q u i r e d  f o r  t h e  General  Av ia t ion  p i l o t  t o  
know h e ' s  b reaking  t h e  r u l e  ( f o r  example, t h a t  h e  is 2000 f t .  from 
c louds ,  e t c . ) .  
9. Where does a v i a t i o n  weather  s t o p  and weather  s t a r t ?  
10 .  A r e  you s a t i s f i e d  w i t h  c u r r e n t  methods of m a s s  d i s semina t ion  and 
i f  n o t  what are t h e  problems wi th  them? 
11. What is involved  i n  q u a l i t y  c o n t r o l s  on a v i a t i o n  weather  and are 
they  adequate? 
9 
Table 3. SCHEDULE 
Tuesday, March 8, 1977 
8 : 30-8 : 35 
8 :35-8 :50 
8:50-9:05 
9 : 05-9 :25 
10:05-1O:lO 
1O:lO-10:50 
10:50-11:30 
11 : 30-12 : 30 
12 : 30-5 : 00 
6:OO-7:OO 
7:15 
Introduction--Walter Frost, UTSI 
WELCOME--Robert L. Young, Associate Dean, UTSI 
WELCOME--William W. Vaughan, Atmospheric Science Division 
Overview of NASA Marshall Space Flight Center's Program 
on"Know1edge of Atmospheric Processes: Dennis W. Camp, NASA 
Coffee 
Topic Area AIRCRAFT DESIGN, John C. Houbolt, NASA 
Topic Area GENERAL AVIATION, James C. Pope, FAA 
Lunch--UTSI Industry Student Center 
Committee Sessions 
Get Acquainted Social Hour, AEDC Officers Club 
Banquet, Speaker--Newton A. Lhurance, Alden Associates 
Head, NASA/MSFC 
Wednesday, March 9, 1977 
8 : 30-8 : 50 
8: 50-9: 10 
9:lO-9:50 
9:50-1O:lO 
1O:lO-10:50 
10~50-11:30 
11:30-12:30 
12:30-5:OO 
5:30 
Progress and Outlook for FAA's Aviation Weather; Research, 
Engineering and Development, Joseph F. Sowar, FAA 
LTTSI Atmospheric Science Frogram, Walter Frost, UTSI 
Topic Area General Services, Frank Coons, FAA. 
Coffee 
Topic Area SIMULATION, Dwight R. Schaeffer, Boeing Co. 
Topic Area PILOT'S VIEWPOINT, William W. Melvin, ALPA 
Lunch--UTSI Industry Student Center 
Committee Sessions 
Visit to Staggerwing Museum, Tullahoma, Tennessee 
Thursday, March 10, 1977 
8:30-8:50 
8:50-9:30 
9 : 30-10 : 10 
10 : 00-10 : 30 
10~30-11:lO 
11:lO-11:50 
11~50-12:OO 
l:oo 
Overview of OAST Safety Program, George H. Fichtl, NASA 
Summary of Aircraft Design Committee, Robert J. Woodcock 
Summary of General Services Committee, John H. Enders 
Coffee 
Summary of Simulation Committee, Richard K. Kurkowski 
Summary of General Aviation Committee, Wallace C. Goodrich 
Closing Remarks 
AEDC TOUR 
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Table 5. ORGANIZATION COMMITTEE 
Dennis W. Camp 
Aerospace Engineer 
ES43 
NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center 
Huntsville, Alabama 35812 
John W. Connolly 
U.S. Dept. of Commerce 
NOAA 
Rockville, MD 20852 
Walter Frost 
Director 
Atmospheric Science Division 
University of Tennessee 
Tullahoma, TN 37388 
Space Institute 
William A. McGowan 
Aviation Safety Technology 
Branch ROO 
NASA Headquarters 
Washington, D.C. 20546 
Joseph F. Sowar 
Chief, Aviation Weather 
Systems Branch, SRDS 
2nd and V St., N.W. 
Transport Building 
Washington, D.C. 20591 
14 


Meteorological and environmental inputs to aviation systems: Opening remarks

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