The NASA Lewis Research Center issued requests for proposal to Avco Lycoming and Teledyne Continental Motors for a contractual effort to establish and demonstrate engine modifications to reduce exhaust emissions safely with minimum adverse effects on cost, weight, and fuel economy. The secondary objective was reducing fuel consumption

Kempke, E. E., Jr.

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10. INTRODUCTION TO NASA CONTRACTS 
Erwin E. Kempke, Jr. 
L e w i s  Research Center 
Nat ional  Aeronautics and Space Administration 
Cleveland , Ohio 
The d iv i s ion  of a c t i v i t i e s  t h a t  w a s  agreed upon between the  FAA 
When NASA agreed t o  p a r t i c i p a t e  and NASA is  described i n  paper 6. 
with t h e  FAA i n  t h e  j o i n t  program previously described, NASA a l s o  
decided t o  i n v e s t i g a t e  more advanced technology concepts f o r  exhaust 
emissions reduction. A s  a f i r s t  s t e p ,  t he  NASA L e w i s  Research Center 
issued Requests f o r  Proposal (RFP) t o  Avco Lycoming and Teledyne Con- 
t i n e n t a l  Motors (TCM) f o r  a cont rac tua l  e f f o r t  t o  e s t a b l i s h  and demon- 
strate engine modif icat ions t o  reduce exhaust emissions s a f e l y  with 
minimum adverse e f f e c t s  on c o s t ,  weight, and f u e l  economy. I n  addi- 
t i o n ,  although t h e  emphasis of t h e  e f f o r t  i s  on emissions reduct ion as 
a primary t h r u s t ,  it has a t  t he  same t i m e ,  t h e  secondary ob jec t ive  of 
reducing f u e l  consumption. NASA s t ruc tured  the  program such tha t ,  
according t o  t h e  RFP,an i n i t i a l  t a s k  would be t o  screen and assess 
10 concepts wi th  emissions reduct ion p o t e n t i a l .  A preliminary l i s t  of 
candidate concepts contained i n  t h e  RFP is shown i n  f i g u r e  10-1. 
t h ree  most promising concepts would be designed, f ab r i ca t ed ,  and in- 
s t a l l e d  on an experimental engine o r  engines. 
would then be performed by t h e  cont rac tor  a t  h i s  f a c i l i t i e s .  
o ther  RFP requirement w a s  t ha t  one of t he  t h r e e  concepts r equ i r e  a 
major engine design modification and the  o the r  two concepts r equ i r e  
r e l a t i v e l y  minor engine modification. 
The 
Ver i f ica t ion  t e s t i n g  
One 
Cost-shared con t r ac t s  t o  TCM and Avco Lycoming were l e t  October 10, 
1975. Each cont rac t  has a t o t a l  estimated cos t  of $1.2 mi l l ion ,  with 
t h e  cont rac tors  share  being 20 percent.  The per iod of perforinance f o r  
each con t r ac t  is approximately 3 years.  One d i f fe rence  from what w a s  
previously s t a t e d  i s  t h a t  Avco Lycoming e lec ted ,pr ior  t o  the  award of 
con t r ac t , t o  perform t h e  screening and assessment t a s k  using t h e i r  own 
funds. 
agreed as t o  which t h r e e  concepts Avco Lycoming would pursue. 
are discussed i n  more d e t a i l  i n  paper 1 2 .  
Accordingly, a t  t h e  start of t h e  c o n t r a c t , i t  w a s  mutually 
These 
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CAND I DATE EM I SS ION REDUCT I ON TECHNIQUES 
1. ENGINE GEOMETRY MODIF~CATIONS 
A. COMBUSTION CHAMBER CONFiGURATlON 
B. COMPRESSION RATIO 
C. INTAKE MANIFOLD 
D. VALVE TIMING, INCLUDING VARIABLE C A M S H A n  
E. IGNITION TIMING 
F. IMPROVED COOLING 
2. FUEL DISTRIBUTION AND IGNITION SYSTEM 
A. ULTRASONIC FUEL VAPORIZATION 
B. THERMAL FUEL VA POR I ZAT I ON 
C. CRACKING CARBURETOR 
D. IMPROVED FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM 
E. HIGH ENERGY-MULTIPLE SPARK IGNITION 
3. EM1 SS ION CONTROL ADD-ON 
A. A I R  INJECTION 
B. WATERIALCOHOL INJECTION 
C. THERMAL REACTOR 
D. CATALMI C REACTOR 
4. FUEL ADDITIVES 
A. HYDROGEN INJECTION 
B. MBHANOL 
Figure 10-1 


Introduction to NASA contracts

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