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Sliter, William V.

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THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSASPALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONSOctober 1, 1969	 Paper 45THREE INNER-NERITIC RECENT FORAMINIFERS FROMSOUTHERN CALIFORNIAWILLIAM V. SLITEREsso Production Research Company, Houston, TexasABSTRACTThree new benthonic foraminifers (Bolivinitidae and Caucasinidae) are describedfrom the inner-neritic zone of southern California and their relationship to associatedPacific coast shallow-water species is described.INTRODUCTIONThe analysis of living shallow-water fora-miniferal populations in collections made offsouthern California in 1963 and 1964 and in sub-sequent laboratory cultures of representativespecies led to the recognition of previously un-described species of the genera Bolivina andCoryphostoma.Foraminifers inhabiting the coralline algaCorallina officinalis originally were collected fromMalaga Cove, Santa Monica Bay, California, inFebruary, 1963 (SLATER, 1965). Large assemblagesof bolivinids were also obtained from clone andexperimental cultures maintained at the Univer-sity of California, Los Angeles, for more thanthree years (DoucEAs & SLITER, 1965; SLITER,1965, 1968). The specimens were studied undera stereoscopic microscope and a scanning electronmicroscope (a stereoscan of Cambridge Instru-ments, Ltd.). Illustrations of type specimenswere prepared using a camera lucida.Dr. RICHARD CIFELLI, U.S. National Museum,and Dr. IRENE MCCULLOCH, Allen HancockFoundation at the University of Southern Cali-fornia, kindly loaned type material for use in thepresent analysis. Dr. ROBERT LANKFORD, RiceUniversity, allowed examination of foraminiferalassemblages in many samples from the PacificCoast and the Gulf of Mexico. I am indebted alsoto Dr. HELEN TAPPAN LOEBLICH, University ofCalifornia, Los Angeles, and Dr. RUSSELL M.JEFFORDS, Esso Production Research Company,Houston, Texas, for their constructive suggestionsduring preparation of the manuscript, and toRALPH D. HOCKETT, JR., also of Esso ProductionResearch Company, for his technical assistance inobtaining photographs by means of the scanningelectron microscope. Field collection and lab-oratory culturing were done during tenure of anAmerican Chemical Society Petroleum ResearchFund Fellowship at the University of California,Los Angeles.SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONSOrder FORAMINIFERIDASuperfamily BULIMINACEA Jones, 1875Family BOLIVINITIDAE Cushman, 1927Genus BOLIVINA d'Orbigny, 1839Type species.—Bolivina plicata D ' ORBIGNY, 1839.BOLIVINA LEPIDA Sliter, n. sp.Test free, small, strongly tapering, and slightlycompressed; periphery broadly rounded. Cham-bers 10 to 14, broad, low, somewhat inflated;irregular lower margin of early chambers formingdepressions around basal pores, margins of last-formed chamber broadly lobate. Sutures distinct,depressed, gently curved, initially crenulate, latergently sinuate. Wall calcareous, relatively smooth,translucent, radial in structure, coarsely perforate2	The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions—Paper 45with pores restricted to basal half of chamber.Aperture a loop-shaped opening on inner face offinal chamber, with tooth plate.Length of holotype 0.23 mm., width 0.14 mm.,thickness 0.09 mm. Length of paratypes rangefrom 0.18 to 0.25 mm.Discussiox.—Bolivina lepida SLITER, n. sp., isa consistent and relatively common species inshallow-water foraminiferal assemblages off south-ern California. Variations in overall test mor-phology (i.e., degree of test flaring, length, widthand chamber shape) are relatively small. Mor-phologic dimorphism in the prolocular dimen-sions and the number of chambers produces twodimorphic groups; specimens having a proloculardiameter of 12 to 16 p. and 13 to 14 chambers andthose having a prolocular diameter of 18 to 22 IAand 10 to 12 chambers. This species somewhatresembles B. doniezi CUSHMAN & WICKENDEN butis more robust and flaring, with a thicker test andhas coarser perforations. Bolivina lepida differsfrom juvenile specimens of the larger, coarselyperforate B. variabilis (WILLIAmsoN) in its morerapidly flaring test and characteristic pore dis-tribution.TYPES AND OCCURRENCE.—Holotype deposited in theforaminiferal type collection, Department of Geology,University of California, Los Angeles (no. 6842); para-types deposited at the U.S. National Museum (no.687463); all from 3 m. below low tide at Malaga Cove,southeast Santa Monica Bay, California (lat. 33°48'15" N,long. 118°23'30" W).ILLusTRATioNs.—Plate 1, figures 1-3. 1. Paratype;la, side view, X450; lb, central area of test showingPore pattern, X900. 2. Holotype, side (2a) and aper-tural (2b) views, X210.-3. Paratype; 3a, side view,X450; 3b, central area of test showing pore pattern,X 900.BOLIVINA LUTEA Sliter, n. sp.Test free, small, elongate, gradually tapering,compressed, with periphery initially subrounded,later subacute to acute. Chambers 12 to 15, in-creasing gradually in height; each with basal pro-jection adjacent to depressed central axis of test,becoming more pronounced in middle chambers.Sutures distinct, gently curved to sinuate, initiallylimbate and flush, later depressed. Wall cal-careous, radial in structure, perforations fine andunevenly distributed, surface rugose. Apertureloop-shaped, extending up from base of finalchamber, with tooth plate.Length of holotype 0.20 mm., width 0.10 mm.,thickness 0.06 mm. Length of paratypes rangefrom 0.14 to 0.20 mm.DISCUSSION.—Living specimens of Bolivinalutea are distinguished readily from associatedbolivinids by coloration and test characteristics.The initial chambers are pale yellow and com-monly are slightly twisted, with a relativelysmoother surface of thickened calcite (Pl. 4, fig.la,b). The middle chambers are reddish yellow,with prominent chamber projections and rugosesurface ornamentation (Pl. 3, fig. la, 2). Thefi nal chambers are clear, semitranslucent, andthinner than the middle chambers and have asubacute periphery.Test perforations in Bolivina lutea are irregu-lar or patchy in distribution. Perforations on allbut the ultimate chambers commonly are re-stricted to or occur adjacent to the raised, axial,chamber projections (Pl. 3, fig. la). In the ulti-mate chambers, perforations likewise are asso-ciated more commonly with the chamber projec-tions but also occur in random patches on thechamber surface (PI. 2, fig. lb; Pl. 4, fig. 1c).Distinct necks formed by raised crystals surroundeach pore in the later chambers (Pl. 2, fig. lc,d)whereas in earlier chambers, successive calciticlamellae cover and obscure these necks so thatthe pores are flush with the test surface. Thedetailed examination of numerous specimens ofthis species, using a scanning electron microscope,shows these distinctive perforations are the onlyperforations of the test, and are indeed the testpores. Each specimen has the common associationof perforations occurring with structural elementsof the test, such as raised ridges and rugae.Bolivina lutea varies considerably in amountof axial twisting and flaring of the test, shape ofthe fi nal two chambers, and amount of surfaceirregularities. Prolocular dimorphism separatestwo groups of specimens whose average prolocu-lar diameters are 9 and 16 pc, respectively. Boli-vina lutea differs from B. pseudo plicata HERON-ALLEN & EARLAND which also has raised chamberirregularities in being smaller and less robust andin having a rugose surface with fine, irregularperforations.TYPES AND OCCURRENCE.—Holotype deposited in theforaminiferal type collection, Department of Geology,University of California, Los Angeles (no. 6843); para-types deposited at the U.S. National Museum (no.Sliter—Recent Foraminifers from Southern California	 3687464); all from 3 m. below low tide at Malaga Cove,southeast Santa Monica Bay, California (lat. 33°48'15" N,long. 118°23'30" W).ILLusTRATIoNs.—Plate 2, figure 1; Plate 3, figures 1-2;Plate 4, figures 1 3. Pl. 2, fig. I. Paratype; la, sideview, X500; lb, perforations and surface rugae on ulti-mate chamber, X2,200; lc, enlarged view of central per-forate area, X11,000; Id, further enlarged view showingpore necks and wall structure of rounded crystals,X23,500. Pl. 3, fig. 1. Paratype; la, central test areashowing perforations on raised projections on axialchamber, X2,200; lb, enlarged view of perforations,X11,000; lc, further enlargement showing crystals thatform pore necks and rugae, X23,500. Pl. 3, fig. 2.Paratype photographed at higher voltage to increasedepth of field, X500. PI. 4, fig. 1. Paratype; la, sideview, X200; lb, axial half of test showing smooth areascharacterized by successive calcitic lamellae, X900; lc,perforations on ultimate chamber, X2,000. Pl. 4, fig.2. Holotype, X210, side (2a) and apertural (2b) views.—Pl. 4, fig. 3. Paratype; 3a, side view, X200; 3b, per-forations and rugae on final chamber, x2,000.Superfamily CASSIDULINACEAd'Orbigny, 1839Family CAUCASINIDAE Bykova, 1959Genus CORYPHOSTOMA Loeblich & Tappan,1962Type species.—Bolivina plaita CA RSEY, 1926.Test free, elongate, narrow to tapering, maybe axially twisted; periphery rounded to acute;chambers biserially arranged, later chambers com-monly becoming cuneiform with tendency tobecome uniserial. Wall calcareous, finely per-forate, granular in structure. Aperture loop-shaped in early stage, extending from base offi nal chamber, becoming terminal in adult, withinternal tooth plate.DiscussioN.—The generic description of Cory-phostoma given by LOEBLICH & TAPPAN (1964)here is emended as above to include the presentspecies.CORYPHOSTOMA SPISSUS Sliter, n. sp.Test free, small, elongate, gradually tapering,biserial throughout, slightly twisted, peripherysubacute to acute. Chambers broad, low; eachwith low knob forming rounded ridge on eitherside of depressed test axis. Sutures distinct, ini-tially thickened and flush, later depressed. Wallcalcareous, granular in structure with few coarsepunctae on early chambers, more numerous andfiner on later chambers. Surface generally smooth,with fine pits, commonly finely pustulose inmedian portion of test, wall of early chambersthickened by added lamellae as test enlarges.Aperture elongate, at base of final chamber, withlip and internal tooth plate.Length of holotype 0.25 mm., width 0.14 mm.,thickness 0.07 mm. Length of paratypes rangefrom 0.20 to 0.25 mm.DISCUSSION.—This species is assigned to thegenus Coryphostoma on the basis of its granularwall structure and biserial chamber arrangement.The wall structure clearly separates this speciesfrom the genus Bolivina. It somewhat resemblesSigmavirgulina in its acute peripheral marginand axial twisting but differs in lacking thediagnostic initial spiralled biserial or sigmoilinechamber arrangement and coarse perforations.Coryphostoma spissus is distinguished from asso-ciated biserial species by its axial twisting, thick-ened calcitic lamellae on the earlier chambers andthe glossy, finely pitted surface (PI. 6, fig. I a,c).The process or agent producing these fine (2 to3 pc) pits is unknown; they may represent sealedpunctae or a residual effect related to calcifica-tion. It is less likely that these pits represent theproduct of some invasive organism. Like thepores, they are more strongly developed in theultimate chambers and become progressively moreobscured toward the test apex with its thickenedcalcitic lamellae (Pl. 5, fig. la,c), thus suggestinga relationship between the pits and the testperforation.Specimens of Coryphostoma spissus differmorphologically in test width, amount of axialtwisting, and presence or absence of peripherallobation of the chambers.TYPES AND OCCURRENCE.—Holotype deposited in theforaminiferal type collection, Department of Geology, Uni-versity of California, Los Angeles (no. 6844); paratypesdeposited at U.S. National Museum (no. 687465); allfrom 3 m. below low tide at Malaga Cove, southeast SantaMonica Bay, California (lat. 33°48'15" N, long.118°23'30" W).ILLusTRATIoNs.—Plate 5, figures 1-3; Plate 6, figureI. PI. 5, fig. I. Paratype; la, side view, X450; lb,c,enlarged views, X900; ld,e, views of surface pits, X4,800. PI. 5, fig. 2. Side view of paratype, X450. Pl. 5,fig. 3. Holotype, X210, side (3a) and apertural (36)views. Pl. 6, fig. I. Paratype; la, central test area,4	The University of Kansas Paleontological Contributions—Paper 45PAPER 45, EXPLANATION OF PLATESPLATE 1, figures 1-3. Bolivina lepida SLITER, n. sp.(p. 1).PLATE 2, figure 1. Bolivina lutea SLITER, n. sp.(p. 2).PLATE 3, figures 1-2. Bolivina lutea SLITER, n. sp.(p. 2).PLATE 4, figures 1-3. Bolwina lutea SUTER, n. sp.(p. 2).PLATE 5, figures 1-3. Coryphostoma spissusSLITER, n. sp. ( p. 3).PLATE 6, figure 1. Coryphostoma spissus SLITER,n. sp. (p. 3).PAPER 46, EXPLANATION OF PLATESPLATE 1, figure 1. Ammoglobigerinoides dehiscensFRERICHS, n. gen., n. sp. (p. 1).PLATE 1. figure 2. Pseudotrocham mina mexicanaFRERICHS, n. gen., n. sp. (p. 2).PLATE 1, figure 3. Pseudotrochammina trilobaFRERICHS, n. gen., n. sp. (p. 2).PLATE 2, figure 1. Ammoglobigerinoides dehiscensFRERICHS, n. gen., n. sp. (p. 1).PLATE 2, figure 2. Pseudotrocham mina mexicanaFRERICHS, 11. gen., n. sp. (p. 2).PLATE 2, figure 3. Pseudotrochammina trilobaFRERICHS, n. gen., n. sp. (p. 2).XI,000; lb,c, views of pores and surface pits, X2,000;Id, enlargement of pore and surface pits showing crystal-line nature of surface, X 4,800.DISCUSSIONSpecies of the foraminiferal family Bolivini-tidae have figured prominently in surveys ofRecent foraminiferal distributions and in bathy-metric zonations, especially in such intensivelystudied areas as the Gulf of Mexico and off thecoast of southern California. The main taxo-nomic emphasis on species from middle neritic tobathyal depths has resulted, however, in a pro-liferation of specific names.Some described species are quite distinct butothers seemingly represent parts of phenotypi-cally plastic stocks differing morphologically inresponse to environmental changes (LurzE, 1964;SMITH, 1954). Inner-neritic species, on the otherhand, generally are referred to a few, presumablyhighly variable taxa such as Brizalina lowmani(PHLEGER & PARKER), B. quadrata (CusHmAN &McCuLLoch), and Bolivina vaughani NATLAND(WALToN, 1955; BANDY & ARNAL, 1957; UCHIO,1960; COOPER, 1961; WATKINS, 1961; BANDY,1963; BANDY, INGLE, & RESIG, 1964; SMITH,1964a,b). Problems in identification doubtlesslyresult from the relative rarity of these forms inshallow water as compared to their abundance indeeper water and from the small size and mor-phologic similarity of smooth-walled species,especially juvenile specimens of related taxa. Forexample, none of the sampled assemblages con-tain specimens resembling the commonly identi-fied species Bolivina vaughani and Brizalinaquadrata, in spite of the fact that samples sub-sequently were collected at several times duringthe year from Malibu Creek, Malaga Cove, andPoint Loma in California and from Punta Bandain Baja California, Mexico. Both species, there-fore, seem to be restricted to water depths belowthose of the innermost neritic zone along thecoast of southern California.Species of Bolivinitidae Included in SamplesBolivina doniezi CUSHMAN & WICKENDENBolivina pseudo plicata HERON-ALLEN & EARLANDBoli vina subexcavata CUSHMAN & WICKENDENBolivina torqueata CUSHMAN & MCCULLOCHBolivina variabilis (WILLIAmsoN)Brizalina louitnani (PHLEGER & PARKER)Brizalina pacifica (CusHmAN &McCuLLocH)Brizalina striatula (CusHmAN)The addition to the taxa here proposed foralready numerous shallow-water bolivinids seemsjustified by the need for increasingly precise eco-logic descriptions of populations from an environ-ment where many of the physical limiting factorscan be reproduced in the laboratory. The presenttaxonomic distinctions, moreover, are justified bystudies of both large and widespread naturalpopulations and clone cultures of bolivinids. Thelatter were maintained at several controlled eco-2a2bTHE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONSSliter---Recent California foraminifers	 Paper 45, Plate 1Or f letti .-1(4 -0. .d 0 )*A'• ' 0I ..... t ' f_ fa/A1L,0 _,- ---7,,,,' ,	 i'-o• • ,Ii,t, 4:	 - 4 '• -14'-''',/ '•:.THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONSPaper 45, Plate 2 Sliter--Recent California foraminiferslbTHE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONSSliter--Recent California foraminifers	 Paper 45, Plate 3la	 23a2b2aTHE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONSPaper 45, Plate 4	 Sliter--Recent California foraminifers3aleTHE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONSSliter--Recent California formainifers	 Paper 45, Plate 5THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONSPaper 45, Plate 6	 Sliter--Recent California foraminifersla	 lbSliter-Recent Foraminifers from Southern California	 5logical conditions to determine the range of intra-and infraspecific variation, as well as morpho-logic dimorphism related to their reproductivecycle (the latter aspect is discussed in a reportpresently in preparation).These observations and the identification oftwo new bolivinid species indicate that additionalre-examination of the systematics of Recent inner-neritic Bolivinitidae is desirable.REFERENCESBANDY, O. L., 1963, Dominant paralic Foraminifera ofsouthern California and the Gulf of California: Cush-man Found. Foram. Research Contr., v. 14, p. 127-134,2 fig.	, & ARNAL, R. E., 1957, Distribution of RecentForaminifera off west coast of Central America: Am.Assoc. Petroleum Geologists, Bull., v. 41, p. 2037-2053,3 fig.	, INGLE, J. C., JR., & RESIG, J. M., 1964, Foraminif-eral trends, Laguna Beach °titian area, California:Limnology and Oceanography, v. 9, p. 112-123, 8 fig.COOPER, W. C., 1961, Intertidal Foraminifera of the Cali-fornia and Oregon coast: Cushman Found. Foram.Research Contr., v. 12, p. 47-63, 4 fig.DOUGLAS, ROBERT, & SL1TER, W. V., 1965, Taxonomicrevision of certain Discorbacea and Orbitoidacea (Fora-miniferida): Tulane Studies Geology, v. 3, p. 149-164, 2 fig., 3 pl.LOEBL1CH, A. R., JR., & TAPPAN, HELEN, 1964, Sarcodina,chiefly "Thecamoebians" and Foraminiferida, in Moore,R. C. (ed.), Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology,Geol. Soc. America and Univ. Kansas, Protista 2, pt.C: v. 1-2, 900 p., 653 fig.LUTZE, G. F., 1964, Statistical investigations on the vari-ability of Bolivina argentea Cushman: CushmanFound. Foram. Research Contr., v. 15, p. 105-116,9 fig.SLITER, W. V., 1965, Laboratory experiments on the lifecycle and ecologic controls of Rosalina globularisd'Orbigny: Jour. Protozoology, v. 12, p. 210-2 15, 7 fig. , 1968, Shell-material variation in the aggluti-nated foraminifer Trochammina pacific° Cushman:Tulane Studies Geology, v. 6, p. 80-84, 1 fig.SMITH, P. B., 1964a, Quantitative and qualitative analysisof the family Bolivinidae: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof.Paper 429-A, 39 p., 13 fig., 31 pl. , 1964b, Ecology of bent/tonic species: U.S. Geol.Survey Prof. Paper 429-B, 55 p., 23 fig., 7 pl.UCI110, TAKAYASU, 1960, Ecology of living benthonic Fora-minifera from the San Diego, California, area: Cush-man Found. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 5, 72 p.,18 fig., 10 pl.WAL-roN, W. R., 1955, Ecology of living bent/ionic Fora-minifera, Todos Santos Bay, Baja California: Jour.Paleontology, v. 29, p. 952-1018, 24 fig., pl. 99-104.WATKINS, J. G., 1961, Foraminiferal ecology aroundOrange County, California, ocean sewer ontlall: Micro-paleontology, v. 7, p. 199-206, 15 fig.

Three inner-neritic recent foraminifers from southern California

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Three inner-neritic recent foraminifers from southern California

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