Faktor Risiko Penderita Melasma

Abstract

Background Melasma is one of the common skin problems, which caused color disturbances in the skin and decrease in confidence of the patients, a generally symmetrical macular hyperpigmentation. Certaint etiology of melasma as yet known, but there are some risk factors that are considered to play a role in its pathogenesis, include: sunlight, hormones, drugs, genetics, cosmetics, past illness history, age, and occupation.Objectives To determine the role of magnitude from each risk factor on the incidence of melasma and baseline frequency distribution of the patients.Methods This is an observational analytic study with case-control design, which was conducted from March-June 2012. Cases were patients with melasma who have been or are being treated in Dermatovenerology clinic of RSUD Semarang. Contraception acceptors in Obstetry-Gynecology clinic and staff / employees of RSUD Semarang who do not suffer from melasma, were included as control. Data taken from filling out the questionnaire by respondents, including sunlight, hormones (hormonal contraceptive use and pregnancy), drugs, genetic (family history), cosmetics, past illness history, age, occupation, gender and latest educational status. Data were analyzed to determine the relationships and significance of the risk by using a 2x2 table. Data analysis using SPSS 16.0 program, including Chi-Square test with significance p <0.050; 95% confidence interval; OR> 1 with a confidence interval does not include the value of 1.Results There are 43 respondents with melasma as cases and 43 non-melasma respondents as control. Variables which are statistically proven have a meaningful relationship and as a risk factor are the exposure to sunlight (p = 0.004, OR = 12.727; 95% CI = 1.550 to 104.515) and the use of cosmetics (p = 0.000, OR = 7.515; CI 95% = 2.890 to 19.543).Conclusion The variables which are proven to be risk factors for melasma are the exposure to sunlight and the use of cosmetics