Kajian Pengendalian Terpadu Lalat Buah, Bactrocera Dorsalis, pada Tanaman Mangga: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

South Sulawesi is one of the mango development areas, however its productivity is still 38.26 kg/tree. One cause of this low productivity is due to the high damage of fruit fly. By applying a control method it is hoped that the intensity damage caused by fruit fly can be decreased by integrating several available control methods through integrated pest management (IPM) approach. The assessment of fruit fly was conducted at Pattopakang and Cikoang Village, Takalar district from July to December 2004 by applying two treatments i.e. (1) IPM approach and (2) non IPM approach (controlling method used by farmers. The results indicated that the number of adult fruit flies that captured by attractant trap from August to November 2004 were 480 adults, 216 adults, 178 adults and 1001 adults per month, respectively. The damage percentage of fruit (drop fruits) on IPM and non-IPM approach was 0.59% and 9.34% respectively. The yield on IPM and non-IPM approach was 16.98 kg/tree and 12.12 kg/tree, respectively. The income obtained on IPM approach amounted to Rp.2.550.000,- per ha (R/C 4.48), while that on non-IPM approach amounted to Rp.1.820.000,- per ha (R/C 4.36). The majority of farmers•(90%) had recognized well fruit flies and the damage they caused on mangoes. However, some of the farmers (60%) faced difficulty in obtaining methyl-eugenol. In brief, the IPM treatment approach can decrease the damage percentage of mangoes caused by fruit fly Key words: control, fruit fly, integrated, mango Sulawesi Selatan merupakan salah satu daerah pengembangan mangga, namun tingkat produktivitasnya baru mencapai 38,26 kg/pohon. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah tingginya kerusakan lalat buah. Metode pengendalian diharapkan dapat mengurangi intensitas serangan akibat lalat buah adalah penggabungan beberapa metode pengendalian yang tersedia melalui pendekatan pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT). Kajian pengendalian lalat buah dilakukan di Desa Pattopakang dan Cikoang, kabupaten Takalar dari bulan Juli sampai Desember 2004 dengan menggunakan dua perlakuan yaitu 1) Pengendalian terpadu dan (2) Pengendalian cara petani. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jumlah lalat buah dewasa yang tertangkap dengan perangkap atraktan dari bulan Agustus sampai November masing-masing 480 ekor, 216 ekor, 178 ekor dan 1001 ekor. Persentase kerusakan buah mangga pada perlakuan PHT dan non-PHT masing-masing 0,59% dan 9,34%. Hasil mangga pada perlakuan PHT dan non-PHT masing-masing 16,98 kg/phn dan 12,12 kg/phn. Pendapatan yang diterima petani dengan perlakuan PHT sebesar Rp. 2,550,000 per ha (R/C 4,48), sementara pada perlakuan non-PHT sebesar Rp.1,820,000 per ha (R/C 4,36). Umumnya petani (90%) telah mengenal cukup baik hama lalat buah dan kerusakan yang ditimbulkannya. Namun sebagian besar petani (60%) mengalami kesulitan dalam memperoleh metyl-eugenol. Pengendalian dengan metode PHT menekan tingkat kerusakan buah mangga akibat serangan lalat buah