Martyniuk, N.

Zhytomyr State University Library

N. Martyniuk Research supervisor: V.V. Trofymovych, Doctor of Historical Sciences,  Professor  National University of Ostroh Academy Language tutor: M.M. Avgustiuk,  Candidate of Psychological Sciences  DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITY OF THE UPR GOVERNMENT IN EXILE DURING THE TARNIV PERIOD  After the defeat of the Ukrainian revolution the Government of the UPR was in exile. After leaving the territory of their own state its leaders and army took refuge in the Polish town of Tarniv. The period from the late 1920-s to the mid 1923-s is called the Tarniv period in exile of the SC UPR (the State Centre of the Ukrainian People’s Republic).  After emigration it became increasingly important to establish contacts between the government in exile and foreign countries and states. The representatives of the UPR went there, and as a result diplomatic missions and embassies were opened, close relations with the already existing missions were established. The purpose of the Ukrainian Ambassadors was a desire to obtain official recognition of the UPR, to garner foreign political support. The offices of the UPR were opened in the majority of the European countries, the Asian sector, the USA. Due to the situation that the Bolsheviks seized Ukraine and the Entente countries did not recognize its independence, diplomatic representatives of the government in exile realized their activity de facto. Ukrainian question in the countries where they stayed was considered as a destabilizing political factor and often was not perceived seriously by foreign countries under different formulations and explanations. However, representatives of the UNR appeared in the official lists of diplomats and used various privileges of ambassadors. Significant progress was achieved by the diplomatic service of the UPR in Prague, where due to the assistance of its representatives a scientific and cultural centre of the Ukrainian emigration was actually created.  Diplomats of the UPR had contacts with the countries of the Asian sector, and also provided support in the so-called Prometeiskyi movement. Also among its governmental and diplomatic circles there was the idea of the creation of the Baltic-and-Black Sea Union.  Diplomatic activity of the representatives of the UPR in these countries suffered from various complications after signing the Riga Treaty of Peace in 1921. Since then diplomatic missions, consulates, and embassies started to self-abolish and to lose their influence and status, realizing their activity de facto. The important subject of the diplomatic activity was close cooperation with different international organizations. In particular, that was evident in the contacts of the diplomats of the government in exile with the League of Nations, the International Red Cross, and the Nansen International Office for Refugees. These institutions recognized the Ukrainian diplomatic service only actually, but the UPR did not receive the membership in the League of Nations during the Tarniv period. In general, the studied period established diplomatic service of the UPR government in exile. The diplomacy has become an “instrument” in the struggle against the Bolsheviks and in achieving international recognition. Diplomatic missions existed in Europe, Asia and the USA. This period was marked by the fact that after 1921 due to the elimination of diplomatic missions in foreign countries they were replaced by community committees, and the authority of the UPR diplomats was gradually assumed by the Ukrainian Society of the League of Nations.  LITERATURE 1. Дацків І. Українська дипломатія (1917-1923 рр.) у контексті світової історії: монографія / І. Дацків. – Тернопіль : Крок, 2013. – 621 с. 2. Лівицький М.А. ДЦ УНР в екзилі між 1920 і 1940 роками / М. А. Лівицький. – В-во "Українське інформаційне Бюро": Мюнхен-Філадельфія, 1984. – 72 с. 3. Піскун В. Політичний вибір української еміграції (20-ті роки ХХ століття) / В. Піскун. – К.: МП "Леся", 2006. – 672 с.: іл. 4. Українська політична еміграція 1919-1945: Документи і матеріали. – К.: Парламентське вид-во, 2008. – 928 с. 5. Шульгин О. Без території. Ідеологія та чин Уряду УНР на чужині / О. Шульгин. – Автентичне відтворення вид.1934р. / Відп. ред. Г.Й. Удовенко; Упорядники: Г.В. Стрельський, І.Д. Шевченко. – К.: Юрінком Інтер, 1998. – 352 с. 6. Wiszka E. Emigracja ukraińska w Polsce 1920–1939 / Е. Wiszka. – Toruń: MADO, 2004. – 752 s.  

Diplomatic activity of the upr government in exile during the tarniv period

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