Applying Japanese Educational Experiences to the Construction of Essential Perspectives for Educational Development in Developing Countries : Case Studies of Myanmar, the Philippines, and Cambodia
本研究の目的は,日本が関わる途上国への教育開発プロジェクトにおいて考慮する観点を提示することである.途上国の教育開発は,21世紀に入り校舎建設などのハード面から,教育方法の改善といったソフト面に重点が移ってきた.しかし,社会歴史的な文脈を考慮しないまま,工学的なアプローチでプロジェクトが運営されてきた.そこで途上国の研究協力者との共同分析を採用することで,途上国の教育問題がどのような社会文化的な状況との関係性のなかで生起しているのか,ミャンマー,フィリピン,カンボジアの3カ国について分析をする.分析の結果,「教師と児童生徒のパワーバランス」「地域間にある教育環境の差」「教師の努力に依存する傾向にある学校体制」「新しい教育方法を教育政策として教育現場に適切に伝えること」に問題があることが明らかになった.今後は,個々の事例をマクロな視点を含めて考察する必要がある.The purpose of this research is to clarify the viewpoints that need to be considered in educational development projects for developing countries. Educational development in developing countries has shifted from infrastructure development, such as constructing school buildings, to pedagogic development, such as improving teaching methods for the 21st Century. However, an engineering approach has often been taken to the management of these projects, ignoring their social-historical contexts. Therefore, undertaking collaborative research with teachers and researchers in developing countries, the authors analyzed relationships between educational challenges and social-cultural contexts in Myanmar, the Philippines, and Cambodia. A number of challenges were identified, including power imbalances between students and teachers, regional gaps in the educational environment, school systems that are overreliant on the efforts of teachers, and the dissemination of new educational methods. Future research needs to take a macro approach to the investigation of each of these challenges.本研究は,科研費基盤研究 (B) 海外学術調査「社会文化的アプローチによる国際教育協力の学習環境デザイン」 (17H04572) の成果の一部である