Two empirical studies were conducted, in which Japanese EFL learners\u27 searching behavior was compared in using an electronic dictionary (ED condition) with using a conventional one (PD condition). In the first study, to clarify how leaners differ in using dictionaries, the authors focused on the learners\u27 searching behavior such as serch time, retention of words, and impressions or comments on dictionaries. The results indicated that, between the two conditions: 1) there were no significant differences in respect to either the nubmer of words they looked up or the time they needed for a search in a dictionary in comparison between the printed dictionary group and the electronic dictionary group; 2) no significant differences in the learners\u27 retention of words were found. In addition, 3) some differences were shown in the comments on dictionaries between college and high school sudents; and 4) most students highly evaluated an electronic dictionary in respect to its handiness and its ease of use, while they considered that, owing to its interface design, it did not provide sufficient information to them, as did a printed dictionary. To provide some supportive evidence to the results found in the first study, the think-aloud procedure was employed in the second study, and influences of dictionaries\u27 interface disign on their searching behavior were confirmed
