Bonnett, O.T.

Dungan, George Harlan

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MAR 13 1946 s Q W Ul I llSlfY OF ILLII IS Adapted Varieties or SPRING OATS By G. H. Dungan and 0. T. Bonnett UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS • AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION CIRCULAR 601 • · · February 1946 · Urbana · Illinois Choose high-yielding oat: variet:ies t:hat: are adapt:ed t:o your sect:ion of t:he st:at:e. According to tests at Mt. Morris, Urbana, and Alhambra, the varieties listed here are the most satisfactory for the different sections of Illinois. e Mt. Morris Cl inton V icland Boone Tama CENTRAL ILLINOIS Clinton Tama Vicland Marion Vikota e Alhambra e Urbana Boone Tama Columbia Clinton Marion Vicland Experiment Statiotl and Extension cirn,lars are numbered consen,tively in the same series. Urbana, Illinois February, 1946 Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics: University of Illinois, College of Agriculture, and the United States Department of Agriculture cooperating. H . P. RusK, Director. Acts approved by Congress May 8 and June 30, 1914. SOW ADAPTED VARIETIES OF SPRING OATS By G. H. DuNGAN and 0. T. Bo NETT BUYING SEED of unknown oats is like "buying a pig in a poke." Illinois farmers sometimes pay exorbitant prices for seed of oat varieties that have not been tried in Illinois. Some salesmen exhibit and sell such seed, advertising its excellent quality and making tartling claims as to its yields in Canada or in some state other than Illinois. They imply, or at least the buyer infers, that the varieties will yield as well in Illinois. Tests show, however, that these varieties do not under Illinois conditions always give satisfactory yields. It is therefore unwise to choose any variety that has not been tested in the section in which it is to be grown. What Makes an Oat Variety Good for Illinois Ability to yield well is the first requirement in an oat variety, for a good yield is the result of many desirable characteristics which affect the quality and the quantity of the grain. In1portant char-acteristics are a stiff straw, resistance to diseases, moderately early maturity, resistance to shattering after ripe, as well as the ability to tiller and produce a large number of plump kernels in each head. Most of the varieties that are brought into Illinois from Canada are su ceptible to crown (leaf) rust. Also they are for the most part so late that hot, dry weather frequently damages them severely before they are ripe. Choose High-Yielding Disease-Resistant Varieties As crown rust often develops on susceptible varieties in Illi-nois and reduces the yields, varieties that are resistant to crown rust should be chosen. Stem rust is not so regularly present, but when it does develop, its destructive effect is terrific. Since high yield of grain and heavy bushel weight depend on many other desirable plant characteristics, including resist-ance to disease, they are the most reliable guides to the choice of a good variety to grow. 3 4 Circular No. 6 01 F ield trials are conducted in three sections of the state to n1easure the adaptability of varieties and thus to help a farmer choose the varieties that will produce best in his locality. Best Varieties for Northern Illinois Clinton, Vicland, Boone, and Tama are the best varieties for northern Illinois, not counting the experimental strains. Yields of 28 varieties grown at Mt. l\!Iorris in northern Illinois are shown in Table 1. Table !.- NORTHERN ILLINOIS (Mount Morris): Yields of Spring Oat Varieties Grown During 1942-1945 (Recommended varieties are shown by black dot and bold face) Rank Variety C.I. 1942 1943 1944 1945 Average Average No. yield w~l~~t Varieties grown three or four years bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. lb. 1 e Clinton . . . . . ....... .. ... .... 3971 87.1 59 . 8 66 . 9 77 .7 72 . 9 35 . 3 2 *Victoria X Richland . . ....... . 3310 69.1 50 . 8 83.1 67 . 7 32 . 0 3 *Victoria X Richland . ........ . 3337 70 . 1 53 . 7 49 . 6 81.8 63 . 8 31.7 4 eVicland ........ . ...... . ..... 3611 72 . 2 53 .8 50 . 2 71.0 61.8 30 .6 5 *logold (Victoria X Richland) .. 4065 57 . 2 51.0 76 . 1 61.4 30 . 1 6 eBoone ..... ... .............. 3305 70 . 1 53 .3 48 . 8 73.1 61.3 33 .6 7 *Bond X Anthony ............ 3652 62.6 61.9 58 . 6 61.0 34 .8 8 eTama . .... ... . .. .. ..... ..... 3502 66 . 3 53 .6 52 . 5 70 . 0 60 .6 31.1 9 *Victoria X Richland ... . ..... . 3336 73 . 9 50.6 50.4 58.3 32 . 0' 10 *Fultex .. .. . .. .. ........ . .. .. 3531 32 . 9 45 . 6 73 .3 50 .6 30 .3 11 Erban ...................... 61.8 27 . 9 32 .5 69 . 6 48 .0 27 . 2 12 Marion ... . ..... .. ........ .. 3247 66.9 34.3 19 . 1 69 . 8 47 . 5 29 . 6 13 Columbia ...... ... ........ . . 60.0 28.1 19 . 4 63 . 1 42 . 7 29.6 14 Sixty Day ... . .............. . 48.7 23.9 11 .6 48 .6 33 . 2 25 . 1 15 Richland . . ..... .... ... . . . ... 57.8 15 . 1 3 . 9 52 . 0 32 . 2 25 . 9 16 Cartier ... . . ................ 53.8 21.6 5.8 27 . 1 24.3 17 Legacy . . . .. . .. .. .... . . ..... 42.4 5.5 0 16 . 0 20 . 2 Varieties grown one or two years only *Forward (Victoria X Richland) 4164 82 . 4 82 . 4 35.1 *Benton ..... ..... .. ... . .. . . 3910 82 . 1 82.1 38.8 *logold (Victoria X Richland) .. 4066 74 . 7 74 . 7 33 . 8 Vikota .. . ... ... ... ... . ... . . . 3602 73 . 4 73 . 4 34 .5 Ventura .. .. .. . . . . . ......... 3989 71.2 71 .2 32 .6 Cedar . ........ ........ .. .. . 3314 54 . 8 72.0 63 . 4 31.6 Osage . .... . .... . . . . . ....... 3991 55 . 0 62.5 58.8 32 . 8 *Columbia X Navarro Mo. 03883 56 . 1 56 . 1 33.4 Neosho ... . .. .. . . . . . ....... . 4141 34.9 71.2 53 .1 30 . 3 Exeter ....... .. .......... . .. 42 . 0 42.0 24 . 4 Ajax ......... . ............. 7 . 6 73.3 40.5 26 . 5 Average of all varieties .... ... 64 .3 39.6 36.8 69.1 55 . 9 30 .6 Difference necessary for significance . .. . . 10.1 5 . 7 6 . 8 19 .2 5 . 9& *Experimental strains. • The difference for significance in the average yield column of this and other tables applies only to the varieties that have been grown four years. Sow Adapted Varieties of Spring Oats 5 Best Varieties for Central Illinois Clinton, Tama, Vicland, Marion, and Vikota are the leading varieties of central Illinois. Twenty-six varieties were grown on the Urbana field and their yields are given in Table 2. Table 2.-CENTRAL ILLINOIS (Urbana): Yields of Spring Oat Varieties Grown During 1942-1945 (Recommended varieties are shown by black dot and bold face) Rank Variety C.I. 1942 1943 1944 1945 Average Average No. yield w~1!~t Varieties grown three or four years bu. bu. bu. bu. bu. lb. 1 eClinton .. . .... ... .... . .. . ... 3971 75.6 56.9 64 . 7 86.5 70 . 9 34 . 3 2 eTama . ... ........... . . .. ... . 3502 75.0 58.6 56.3 83 .4 68.4 32.1 3 eVicland ............... . ..... 3611 70 . 9 56.7 60 . 4 81.1 67 . 3 32.2 4 *Victoria X Richland .. ........ 3310 76.4 59.6 52.2 78.0 66 . 6 32.7 5 *logold (Victoria X Richland) . . 4065 70.5 56.8 53 .7 84 . 0 66 .3 30.4 6 *Victoria X Richland . .... ..... 3337 73.9 58.3 55 . 7 76.6 66.1 32 .4 7 eMarion .. . . . . ............... 3247 69.2 57.1 53.7 83.3 65.8 32.9 8 *Bond X Anthony ............ 3652 69.2 52 .2 54 .4 86.2 65.5 33.8 9 eVikota ......... ....... .. .. .. 3602 70.9 55.0 56 . 7 78 . 1 65 . 2 32.1 9 *logold (Victoria X Richland) .. 4066 59 . 0 52.7 83.8 65.2 31.4 11 Boone . .. ......... .......... 3305 67 .4 55.4 51.1 80 .3 63.6 33 . 1 12 Fultex ... . . . .. . .. . ....... .. . 3531 67.0 53 .3 57 . 2 73 . 9 62.9 31.8 13 *Victoria X Richland . . .... .. . . 3336 66.3 56 .1 51.4 73 . 1 61.7 32.8 14 Columbia .......... .. .. ..... 62.0 53 . 6 54.1 70.4 60.0 32.5 15 *(Mark. X Rain.) (Viet. X Rich.) .. 3607 72.7 53.6 50.1 58 . 8 30.8 16 Erban ... .... ..... . . .. . ... . . 59.6 46.7 36.7 80 . 9 56 . 0 29.4 17 Sixty Day ....... .. ... .. ..... 57.5 44.8 45.5 65.1 53.2 28.0 18 Richland .... ..... ...... . . . .. 54.0 43.1 38.4 65.7 50.3 28.0 19 Cartier ....... ... .. .. ...... . 56.9 46.6 39.9 47.8 31.5 Varieties grown one or twQ years only Benton .................... . 3910 86 . 5 86.5 37 . 1 Ajax .. .. .................... 56 . 6 85.2 70.9 31.4 Cedar . . .. ..... . ... ......... 3314 57 . 0 82.8 69 . 9 32.8 Osage . .. . . . ... . ... . ........ 3991 57.6 75.4 66 . 5 33.1 Neosho ................. .. . . 4141 53.8 76.9 65 .4 33 .2 Ventura . . .... . ...... .... .. . 3989 51.6 79.2 65.4 32.8 Columbia X a varro Mo. 03883 61.2 61.2 34.6 Average of all varieties .. ... .. 67.5 53.9 52 . 6 78.2 64.1 32.2 Difference necessary for significance .. . . 3.3 4.2 4.5 4.9 2.1 • Experimental strains. Best Commercial Varieties for Southwestern Illinois Boone, Tama, Columbia, Clinton, Marion, and Vicland are the highest yielding commercial varieties for southwestern Illinois. Eighteen strains and varieties were included in the drill-plot tests at Alhambra in southwestern Illinois during 1942-1945. Results in average yield per acre are given in Table 3. 6 Circular No. 6 01 Table 3.-SOUTHWESTERN ILLINOIS (Alhambra): Yields of Spring Oat Varieties Grown During 1942-1945 (Recommended varieties are shown by black dot and bold face) Rank Variety C.I. No. 1942 1943 1944 1945 Average Average yield w~l~~t 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Varieties grown three or four years bu. bu. bu. *Victoria X Richland ......... . 3310 25.3 26.0 34 . 1 eBoone ................ . ..... 3305 20 . 5 21.5 26 . 0 eTama ....................... 3502 29 . 9 26.1 25 . 6 *Victoria X Richla nd .. .. ...... 3337 27.8 33 . 0 eColumbia . . .. 25 . 9 23 . 2 29 .8 eClinton ............ ... ...... 3971 26 . 6 23.6 eMarion . .................... 3247 24 . 0 25 . 1 23 . 1 eVicland .. . ..... . .. . ....... . . 3611 16 . 3 28.4 28 .9 Sixty D a y . .. ........ 22.7 17 . 1 Varieties grown one or two years only *Victoria X Richland ..... .... . *logold (Victoria X Richland) .. *Bond X Anthony .... *Benton . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .... . . *Neosho ............... . . ... . Cedar .... ... ... . .. ... . .. .. . *Columbia X Navarro Mo. 03883 Ventura . ....... . ...... . ... . Osage ......... . ... . ....... . 3336 4065 3652 3910 4141 3314 3989 3991 Average of all varieties. . . . . . . 24. 2 Difference necessary for significance . . . . 8 . 6 * Experimental strains. 27.8 31.5 25.7 20.7 22.1 19 . 9 33 . 0 29.2 25.0 26 .8 3.5 6.5 Description of Varieties bu. bu. lb. 28.5 27.9 22.7 27.1 7 . 3 22 . 2 26 . 8 5 . 1 22.0 26.0 6 . 9 21.5 28 . 0 12 . 5 20 . .9 30 . 3 11 . 0 20.8 28 . 7 7.8 20.4 26.2 7 . 0 15 . 6 24.6 29.7 29.2 23.2 26.5 21.0 25.9 19.8 19 . 8 33 . 6 4.5 17 . 5 25 . 5 5.5 17 . 4 24.3 8.0 8.0 27.6 5.6 5.6 23.3 5.4 5.4 23.1 8.2 19.0 26.9 4.0 3.0 Boone, Cedar, Control, Tama, Vicland, Vikota, and C.I. (Cereal Investigation) 3310, C.I.3336, and C.I.3337 are selec-tions from a cross tnade by the U. S. Department of Agriculture between Victoria, a variety resistant to crown rust and smut, and Richland, which is resistant to stem rust. Similar in appearance and growth habits, these varieties have a short, fine, stiff straw and are resistant to crown rust, stem rust, and smut. They ripen a few days later than Columbia. Their yellowish-white grain is of good quality. Boone, Control, and Tama were distributed by the Iowa Station; Vi eland by the Wisconsin Station; Cedar by the Nebraska Station; Vikota by the South Dakota Station; and Selections C.I.3310, C.I.3336, and C.I.3337 are not yet released. Marion and Selection C.I.3607, being moderately tall, are especially well suited to the poorer soils, where varieties with shorter straw might not grow tall enough to harvest easily with a Sow Adapted Varieties of Spring Oats 7 binder. Marion is a selection from a cross betwe~n Markton, a variety that is resistant to smut, and Rainbow, which is resistant to stem rust and moderately resistant to crown (leaf) rust. Selection C.I.3607 is from a cross between two unnamed strains, one of which came from a cross between Markton and Rainbow, the other from a cross between Victoria and Richland. These crosses were made in investigations carried on cooperatively by the Iowa Station and the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Both of these new varieties are resistant to smut and stem rust and moderately resistant to crown rust. Marion does not have as stiff a straw as Selection C.I.3607 ;' and C.I.3607 has a little less lodging resistance than Tama. Both Marion and C.I.3607 produce white grain of excellent quality. Marion is more likely than Clinton, Vicland, and Tama to suffer from late seeding. Columbia is an early tannish-gray oat, susceptible to crown rust, stem rust, and smut, but high yielding and of good quality in years when rust is not prevalent. Its straw is medium-long and lodge badly when fully ripe. It was selected by the Missouri Station fro~ Fulghum. Clinton and Benton are midseason yellow oats. Each origi-nated as a selection from a cross made by the U. S. Department of Agriculture between D-69, a strain resistant to stem rust and mod-erately re istant to crown (leaf) rust, and Bond, which is resistant to most races of crown rust and also to certain races of smut. Clinton and Benton both have exceptionally stiff straw and possess marked resistance to both crown and stem rust. They are slightly later in maturity than Tama. Clinton is shorter than Benton and has slightly stiffer straw. Osage, Ventura, and Neosho are selections from a cross between two unnamed strains, one of which came from a cross be-tween Fulghum and Markton, and the other from a cross between Victoria and Richland. These new varieties were produced by the U. S. Department of Agriculture. Ventura, Osage, and Neosho all have shorter straw than Tama, altho Neosho, the tallest of the three, is only slightly shorter than Tama. Grain of Ventura and Osage is white with a yellowish tinge; that of Neosho is white with a grayish tinge. All are resistant to the rusts and smuts. 8 Circular No. 6 01 Recommended Growing Practices Plow cornstalk land. On land that has been in corn best results are obtained by plowing before sowing oats. Turning the cornstalks under will destroy many corn borers and also keep down scab infection. Oats on cornstalk land usually yield about 3 bushels an acre more when the land is plowed than when it has been merely disked. Where oats follow soybeans, however, the land should not be plowed for oats. Treat seed. Seed treatment is urged for all varieties that are susceptible to smut. It is a good practice also to treat the smut-resistant varieties because the treatment frequently helps to control seedling blight. It also helps to prevent the development and in-crease of special races of smut. If New Improved Ceresan dust is applied 2 to 4 weeks or more before the seed is to be sowed, no more than ~ ounce should be used for a bushel of seed. Sow moderately early. The middle of March is not too early for central and southern Illinois, or the first of April for northern Illinois. Seeding too late usually reduces yields and quality ~ore than seeding too early. Seed with a drill. Drilling saves seed and usually gives higher yields than broadcasting. If seed is drilled, 8 pecks should be sowed to the acre. If broadcasted, the rate should be 10 pecks to the acre. When a legume is sowed in the oats, the best rate is 4 to 6 pecks of seed oats per acre if drilled and 8 to 10 pecks if broadcasted. Do not harvest with a combine before grain is dry. Oats harvested directly with a combine sometimes spoil in the bin. Harvesting with a windrower and allowing the grain to dry before it is threshed with a pick-up combine prevents storage troubles. Clinton must not be cut with a binder before the straw is ripe, for if it is, spoilage may occur in the shock. Soil for oats not often fertilized. In Illinois soil-treatment materials are seldom applied directly for oats. Most plans call for such materials to be applied ahead of corn and wheat. To benefit clover, however, that is sown with oats it is desirable to apply fertilizers at the time oats are seeded. lOM- 2-46-31638 

Sow adapted varieties of spring oats

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Sow adapted varieties of spring oats

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