Bonnett, O.T.

Dungan, George Harlan

Koehler, Benjamin

Illinois Digital Environment for Access to Learning and Scholarship Repository

TRCoL ~ 
~.'f-
SPRING OATS • • • 

,/ · t· THfTllBRARY lf/f' :~ · varle les Tor Iinois 
JUL 1 81947 
By G. H. Dungan, O. T. BOnnett, and Benjamin Koehler 
UNIVLH~1i '( 2:- ILlINUI~: 
T HE APPEARANCE of a new disease of oats, known as Hel­minthosporium blight, has cut down the number of spring-oat 
varieties which can safely be recommended for Illinois. Clinton re­
mains the best variety for all parts of the state, since it is outstanding 
in yield and is also resistant to this blight. Marion and Benton are 
also recommended, especially for central and southern Illinois. 
First observed in Illinois in 1945, Helminthosporium blight caused 
such severe damage in 1946 that some farmers plowed up their oats in 
late spring and sowed the fields to another crop. Other fields that were 
left standing were not harvested. The blight reduced the 1946 oat crop 
by about one-fifth. 
The Helminthosporium blight organism is carried either on the seed 
or in the soil. Infected seedlings usually die when very young; or they 
may appear healthy for a while, then blight from the bottom leaves . 
upward. If older plants become diseased, their lower joints will be 
blackened owing to rotting of the stem, and will be covered with spores 
of the fungus. This condition may develop any time from the jointing 
stage until maturity. 
Seed can be cleared of Helminthosporium infection by treatment with 
New Improved Ceresan. Where the soil is already infected, this is only a 
half-way control measure but it is still worth while. 
Helminthosporium blight did not affect the yield on the Illinois test fields 
in 1946, since all seed used on these fields had been treated each year. Tests 
made elsewhere, however, show that Vicland, Boone, Tama, Vikota, and 
Cedar - varieties formerly recommended for Illinois - are susceptible. 
These varieties were all developed by selection from the cross of Victoria 
X Richland. Neither these nor other susceptible varieties should be grown 
unless the seed is treated. 
A number of varieties, such as Sixty-Day and Richland, are resistant to 
Helminthosporium blight but have such low yields that few farmers will 
want to plant them. Columbia is resistant to this fungus but is likely to be 
damaged by the rusts and smut. 
UN IVERSITY OF ILLINOIS . AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION 
C I R C U LAR 61 6 June 1947 Urbana Illinois 
2  
C i r c u l a r  N o .  6  J 6  
T a b l e  1 .  - N O R T H E R N  I L L I N O I S  ( M t .  M o r r i s ) :  
R e s u l t s  o f  T e s t s  
W i t h  S p r i n g  O a t  V a r i e t i e s  
Y i e l d  
a b o v e  ( + ) ,  A v e r -
R e -
T e s t  P l a n t s
o r  a g e  
Y i e l d  
H e i g h t  
C o l o r  
a c t i o n
C . 1 .  
w e i g h t  
e r e c t
R a n k  
V a r i e t y  b e l o w  ( - )  y i e l d  
i n  o f  
o f  
t o
N o . ·  
p e r  
a t
a v e r a g e  
p e r  
1 9 4 6  p l a n t s  g r a i n  
H e l m i n .
b u s h e l  h a r v e s t
o f  a l l  a c r e  b l i g h t
v a r i e t i e s
b  
V a r i e t i e s  g r o w n  f i v e  y e a r s ,  1 9 4 2 - 1 9 4 6  
b u .  b u .  b u .  l b .  
p e r c t .  
i n .  
1  
C l i n t o n  . . . . . .  . . .  . .  3 9 7 1  
+ 2 0 . 9  
7 8 . 3  
9 9 . 9  .  
3 5 . 3  
8 5  
3 7  Y e l l o w  R  
2  
T a m a  .  .  . .  . . .  . . . . .  3 5 0 2  
+  9 . 2  
6 6 . 6  9 0 . 4  
3 1 . 3  
7 7  3 4  Y e l l o w  
S  
3  
V i c l a n d . . . . . . . . . . .  
3 6 1 1  
+  8 . 7  
6 6  . 1  
8 3  . 3  
3 0 . 7  7 7  3 4  Y e l l o w  S  
4  B o o n e . . . . .  . . . . . . .  
3 3 0 5  
+  6 . 3  
6 3 . 7  7 3 . 3  3 3 . 5  7 9  3 4  Y e l l o w  
S  
5  
M a r i o n  . . .  .  . .  .  . . . .  3 2 4 7  1 . 1  5 6 . 3  9 1 . 6  3 0 . 5  6 3  
3 9  W h i t e  R  
6  
E r b a n  . . . . . . . . . . . .  3 . 0  5 4 . 4  8 0 . 4  2 7 . 9  8 0  4 1  W h i t e  R  
7  
C o l u m b i a  . . .  .  . .  . . .  
3 . 9  
5 3 . 5  9 6 . 7  3 0 . 3  4 3  
3 8  R e d  R  
8  
R i c h l a n d . . . . . . . .  . .  
- 1 3 . 9  
4 3 . 5  8 8 . 9  
2 7 . 0  
5 2  3 4  Y e l l o w  R  
9  
S i x t y - D a y  . .  . . . . . .  
- 1 4 . 0  
4 3 . 4  8 4 . 4  
2 6 . 2  4 1  
3 6  Y e l l o w  R  
D i f f e r e n c e  n e c e s s a r y  f o r  
s i g n i f i c a n c e  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5 . 7  1 6 . 0  
V a r i e t i e s  g r o w n  f o u r  y e a r s ,  1 9 4 3 - 1 9 4 6  
1  C l i n t o n  .  .  . . . . . . . . .  
3 9 7 1  
+ 2 0 . 4  
7 6 . 1  
9 9 . 9  3 5  . 3  9 9  3 6  Y e l l o w  
R  
2  
F u l t e x . . . . . . . . . . . .  3 5 3 1  
- 1 . 9  5 3 . 8  
6 3 . 3  
3 0 . 1  9 5  3 6  R e d  
S  
D i f f e r e n c e  n e c e s s a r y  f o r  
s i g n i f i c a n c e  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6 . 6  1 6 . 0  
V a r i e t i e s  g r o w n  t h r e e  y e a r s ,  1 9 4 4 - 1 9 4 6  
1  
C l i n t o n  . . . . . .  ,  . . . .  
3 9 7 1  
+ 1 9 . 3  
8 1 . 5  9 9 . 9 - 3 5 . 9  9 9  3 6  Y e l l o w  R  
2  
C e d a r  . . . . . . . . .  .  . .  
3 3 1 4  
+  6 . 5  
6 8 . 7  7 9 . 4  3 1 . 5  9 1  
3 3  Y e l l o w  S  
3  
O s a g e . . .  . . . . . . . . .  3 9 9 1  2 . 5  
5 9 . 7  6 1 . 5  
. .  3 1 . 7  
8 4  
3 1  
Y e l l o w ·  
S  
4  
A j a x  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
- 4 . 1  5 8 . 1  9 3 . 3  2 8 . 4  
6 6  
3 7  
W h i t e  R  
D i f f e r e n c e  n e c e s s a r y  f o r  
s i g n i f i c a n c e  .  . . . . . . . . . .  . .  
8 . 6  1 6 . 0 .  
V a r i e t i e s  g r o w n  t w o  y e a r s ,  1 9 4 5  a n d  1 9 4 6  
1  
C l i n t o n  .  . . . . . .  . . . .  
3 9 7 1  
+ 1 3  . 8  
8 8 . 8  9 9 . 9  
3 6 . 1  
1 0 0  3 9  Y e l l o w  
R  
2  
B e n t o n  . . . . . . . . . . .  
3 9 1 0  
+  7 . 1  
8 2 . 1  8 2 . 1  3 6 . 6  
9 9  
4 1  Y e l l o w  
R  
3  
F o r v i c . . . . . . .  . . . . .  
4 1 6 4  
+  6 . 6  
8 1 . 6  8 0 . 8  3 4 . 0  9 4  3 6  
W h i t e  S  
4  
I o g o l d
( V i c t .  X R i c h . )  . .  .  
C o l u m b i a  X N a v a r ­
4 0 6 6  
+  
. 3  7 5 . 3  7 5 . 8  3 2 . 0  9 4  
3 5  Y e l l o w  S  
6  
r o  ( M o .  0 3 8 8 3 )  . .  
V i k o t a . . . . . . .  . .  . . .  
3 6 0 2  
2 . 3  
5 . 3  
7 2 . 7  
6 9  .  7  
7 4  . 1  
6 5 . 9  
3 3 . 1  
3 2 . 9  
5 8  
8 6  
3 8  
3 4  
R e d  
Y e l l o w  
R  
S  
7  V e n t u r a  . . . . . . . . . .  
3 9 8 9  
6  . 2  6 8 . 8  6 6 . 3  
3 2 . 0  7 2  3 3  Y e l l o w ·  
S  
8  
E x e t e r .  . .  .  .  .  . . . . .  .  
- 1 5 . 3  
5 9 . 7  
7 7  . 3  2 8 . 5  7 7  4 0  W h i t e  
R  
9  
N e o s h o . . . . . . . . .  .  .  
4 1 4 1  
- 1 7 . 4  
5 7 . 6  7 3 . 2  3 0 . 7  
9 5  3 3  R e d  
S  
D i f f e r e n c e  n e c e s s a r y  f o r  
s i g n i f i c a n c e  . . . . . . . . . . . .  .  
1 2 . 5  
1 6 . 0  
V a r i e t i e s  g r o w n  i n  1 9 4 6  o n l y  
1  
C l i n t o n  . . . . . . . . , . . .  
3 9 7 1  
+ 1 9 . 1  
9 9 . 9  9 9 . 9  3 5 . 1  9 9  4 0  Y e l l o w  
R  
2  
B o n d a . . . . . .  . . . . . .  
4 3 2 9  
+ 1 3 . 6  
9 4 . 4  9 4 . 4  3 6 . 9  
9 5  
4 2  
W h i t e  R  
3  
M i n d o . . . . . . · . . . . . .  
4 3 2 8  
+  3 . 6  
8 4 . 4  8 4 . 4  3 4 . 9  6 5  3 7  
Y e l l o w  R  
4  
E a t o n  . . . . ' . . . . . . . . .  
3 9 0 8  - 1 . 5  7 9 . 3  7 9 . 3  
3 3 . 5  
9 6  
3 9  W h i t e  R  
D i f f e r e n c e  n e c e s s a r y  f o r  
s i g n i f i c a n c e  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  
1 6 . 0  
1 6 . 0  
•  U .  S .  D e p a r t m e n t  o f  A g r i c u l t u r e  C e r e a l  I n v e s t i g a t i o n s  n u m b e r .  
b  E a c h  v a r i e t y  h a s  b e e n  c o m p a r e d  w i t h  a l l  v a r i e t i e s  g r o w n  t h e  s a m e  y e a r .  I n  m o s t  y e a r s  2 4  v a r i e t i e s  
w e r e  g r o w n  a t  b o t h  M t .  M o r r i s  a n d  U r b a n a ,  a n d  1 4  v a r i e t i e s  a t  A l h a m b r a .  
*  S l i g h t l y  r e d d i s h - y e l l o w .  
3 Spring Oats - Varieties for Illinois 
Table 2. - CENTRAL ILLINOIS (Urbana) : Results of Tests With 
Spring Oat Varieties 
Yield 
above (+), Aver- Re-Test Plantsor age Yield Height Color actionC.1. weight erect toRank Variety below (-) yield in of ofNo.- per ataverage per 1946 plants grain Helmin.bushel harvestof all acre blight 
varietiesb 
Varieties grown five years, 1942-1946 

bu. bu. bu. lb. perct. in. 
1 Clinton ........ . .. 3971 +7.7 71.1 71.6 34.7 99 36 Yellow R 

2 Tama ............ 3502 +6.1 69.5 74.0 32.6 91 34 Yellow S 

3 Vicland........ ... 3611 +4.1 67.5 68.4 32.8 93 34 Yellow S 

4 Marion . ...... .... 3247 +3.4 66.8 70.5 34.3 94 41 White R 

5 Vikota............ 3602 +2.4 65.8 68.5 32.8 90 34 Yellow S 

6 Boone .......... .. 3305 + .8 64 .2 67.0 33.6 94 34 Yellow S 

7 Fultex............ 3531 - .5 62 .9 63.3 32.5 95 31 Red S 

8 Columbia . . . ...... -1.1 62.3 71.5 33.3 74 38 Red R 

9 Erban ............ -6.2 57.2 62.3 30.5 96 39 White R 

10 Sixty-Day ..... ... -7.3 56.1 67.7 29.0 79 36 Yellow R 

11 Richland . ......... -9 .0 54.4 70.7 29.3 81 33 Yellow R 

Difference necessary for 

significance ............. l.8 3 .3 

Varieties grown four years, 1943-1946 

1 Clinton ........... 3971 + 6 .7 69 .9 71.6 35.1 99 37 Yellow R 

2 Iogold

(Vict. XRich.) . . . 4066 +5.1 68.3 77 .8 33.0 98 35 Yellow S 

Difference necessary for 

significance ............. 2 . 1 3 .3 

Varieties grown three years, 1944-1 946 

1 Clinton .. ......... 3971 + 6.9 74.3 71.6 35.2 100 38 Yellow R 

2 Ajax ... ... ...• .. . +6.6 74.0 79.2 32.1 97 40 White R 

3 Cedar ............ 3314 +2 .8 70.2 70.8 33.3 91 35 Yellow S 

4 Ventura .......... 3989 +1.4 68.8 75.5 33.1 93 31 Yellow· S 

5 Osage ..... .. .... . 3991 +1.2 68.6 72.8 33.4 95 32 Yellow· S 

+6 Neosho .... .... . .. 4141 .6 68.0 73.3 34.0 98 35 Red S 

Difference necessary for 

significance ..... .. .. ' .... 2 . 5 3.3 

Varieties grown two years, 1945 and 1946 

1 Clinton ........... 3971 +4.2 79.1 71.6 36 .4 100 39 Yellow R 

2 Benton ........... 3910 +3.0 77 .9 69.2 37.3 98 44 Yellow R 

3 Columbia XNavar­
ro (Mo. 03883) ... -6 . 7 68.2 75.2 34 .8 87 41 Red R 

Difference necessary for 

significance ............. 3 .0 3.3 

Varieties grown in 1946 only 
1 Mindo....... . .... 4328 +8.6 80.1 80.1 35.4 97 33 Yellow R 

2 Bonda............ 4329 +3.1 74.6 74.6 37.8 97 40 White R 

3 Exeter......... .. . +1.8 73.3 73.3 30.1 100 38 White R 

4 Clinton .... " ..... 3971 + .1 7l.6 71.6 36.1 100 34 Yellow R 

5 Eaton ............ 3908 - . 1 71.4 71.4 34.1 100 35 White R 

6 Forvic. . .. .. ... . .. 4164 -3.7 67 . 8 67.8 35 .8 97 36 White S 

Difference necessary for 

significance . ... . ........ 3.3 3.3 

a See footnote a, Table l. b See footnote b, Table 1. * Slightly reddish-yellow. 
For comparison, figures for Clinton are included in reports of all tests except 
the five-year test in southern Illinois. 
4 Circular No. 616 
Table 3. - SOUTHERN ILLINOIS (Alhambra) : Results of Tests
With Spring Oat Varieties 

Yield
above (+), Aver-
or age Test Plants Re-C.L Yield HeightRank Variety below (-) yield in weight erect Color actionNo.· per at of of toaverage per 1946
of all acre bushel harvest plants grain Helmin.blightvarietiesb 
Varieties grown five years, 1942-1946c 
bu. bu. bu. lb. perct. in.1 Tama ..... ....... 3502 +2.5 25.2 37.1 27.3 79
2 Marion ........... 3247 +1.1 31 Yellow S
3 Columbia . ........ 23.8 35.8 29.5 84 33 White R
+ .8 23 .5 31.7 28.9 62 33 Red4 Vic1and . . .. . . .. ... 36ii R
- .6 22.1 29.2 26.6 83 30 Yellow SDifference necessary for

significance ............. 2.6 5.3 

Varieties grown four years, 1943-1946 
Clinton ........... 3971 
 +2 .7 25 . 2 38.2 30 .7 93Sixty-Day ........ 31 Yellow R

-2 . 7 19.9 32.8 25.6 53 32 Yellow RDifference necessary for

significance ....... ...... 
 2.4 5.3 
Varieties grown three years, 1944-1946 
1 Clinton ... ... ... .. 3971 +2.5 24.8 38 .2
2 Neosho ........... 4141 30.2 93 31 Yellow R
+2.3 24.6 36 .4 27.4 70 28 Red S3 Cedar ....... .. ... 3314 
- .2 22.1 31.6 25.7 73 
 28 Yellow SDifference necessary for

significance ............. 
 3 .0 5.3 
Varieties grown two years, 1945 and 1946 
1 Benton ........... 3910 +8.3 28.5
2 Clinton .. .... . .... 37.1 34.3 97 36 Yellow R
3971 +5.2 25 .4 38 .2 3 Columbia XNavar- 31.3 96 30 Yellow R
ro (Mo. 03883) ... +1.3 21.5 35.0 30 .8 58 324 Osage ..... . ...... 3991 -1.9 18.3 31.1 Red R27.4 59 27 Yellow·5 Ventura ...... ... . 3989 -3.6 16 .6 27.6 26.3 S
50 27 Yellow· SD~er~nce necessary for

slgruficance ............. 3 .0 5 . 3 

Varieties grown in 1946 only 
1 Clinton . . ......... 3971 +6.1 38 .2 38 .2 32 .0 98
2 Forvic......... . . .. 32 Yellow R
4164 -7.0 25.1 25.1 25.5 86 31 White3 Fultex............ 3531 -9.3 22 .8 22.8 S
22.8 96 30 Red SDifference necessary for

significance ...... ....... 
 5.3 5 .3 
a See footnote a, Table 1. b See footnote b, Table 1. C Clinton was not grown at Alhambra in1942 and thus could not be averaged for the five·year period. * Slightly reddish·yellow. 
Treatment for Helminthosporium blight. It is best to use resistant
varieties. If seed of these varieties is not available, infection carried on the
seed can be controlled by treatment with New Improved Ceresan ­
ounce per bushel. When using Y2 ounce, let the seed stand in sacks or
Y2
in
or 
bulk
* 
for at least 3 days before planting. If *ounce is used, let seed stand at least30 days before planting. This treatment may not give complete control if the
soil is infected. 
(Experiment Station and Extension circulars are numbered consecutively in the same series.) 
10M-6·47- 35508 


Spring oats varieties for Illinois

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Spring oats varieties for Illinois

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