Between 1960 and 2000, most Africans travelling across the Mediterranean were North Africans by origin, that is, Algerian, Tunisian and Moroccan, moving first to France, and subsequently to Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands, responding to European demand for low skilled and low paid labour. Legal Moroccan emigration between the 1960s and the 2000s had created a diaspora of 2.6 million former Moroccans in Europe. Meanwhile, 700,000 Tunisians were living in France in 2003 (Baldwin-Edwards, 2006, p. 312).peer-reviewe
