Forty three species and infraspecific taxa of myxomycetes were recorded in different ecotopes of the Saaremaa island, the West Estonian Archipelago, during the 17th Symposium of the Baltic Mycologists and Lichenologists in 2008. Among them, thirteen species were found for the first time in Estonia: Arcyria abietina, Comatricha ellae, Craterium leucocephalum, Diderma effusum, Didymium nigripes, Echinostelium apitectum, Licea minima, L. operculata, Physarum robustum, P. viride, Stemonaria irregularis, Stemonitopsis amoena, and Trichia munda.

Adamonyte, Grazina

Kastanje, Veiko

Journals from University of Tartu

Folia Cryptog. Estonica, Fasc. 48: 1–4 (2011)INTRODUCTIONMyxomycetes, syncytical terrestrial organisms, are known to play an active role in decomposi-tion and nutrient cycles (Madelin, 1984; Feest, 1987). Today over 1000 myxomycete species are known worldwide (Lado, 2005–2010; Mitchell, 2005). The Estonian checklist of these organ-isms currently includes 101 species (Järva & Parmasto, 1980; Järva et al., 1998; Ing, 1990; Adamonyte, 2000). In some parts of the country, like south-western Estonia, myxomycetes have been investigated more intensely, while the West Estonian (Moonsund) Archipelago was sam-pled, but the results have not been published, so far. On September 18–20, 2008, during the 17th Symposium of the Baltic Mycologists and Lichenologists, in Saaremaa, the largest island of the archipelago, participants were granted a possibility to collect mycological material in the most unique sites of the island. The data on myxomycete species recorded during these three excursions are presented here.MATERIALS AND METHODSVisited sitesSaaremaa island (Ösel) is located in the Baltic Sea, 58°25'N, 22°30'E, south of Hiiumaa island. It measures 2,673 km². Because of its mild mari-time climate and a variety of soils, Saaremaa has a rich flora, illustrated by the fact that 80% of the plant species found in Estonia are repre-sented here. Myxomycete material was collected in three protected areas of the island (Fig. 1).Kaugatoma-Lõo Landscape Reserve is located in Sõrve peninsula of Saaremaa island. It was founded to protect geologically important Kau-gatoma cliffs and the largest alvar area on the island, Lõo. The unique vegetation types includ-ing elements of arcto-alpine and xerocontinental vegetation have been formed due to the extreme conditions on the alvar. Nowadays, due to the cessation of the land management, the alvar tends to overgrow mainly with Juniperus com-munis (Saar & Suija, 2008).Odalätsi Landscape Reserve in the west-ern part of the island was founded to protect Odalätsi springs and sand dunes and their natu-ral and semi-natural habitats. Pinus sylvestris forests environ the springs; dunes are covered with Cladonia-type pine forests.Viieristi Nature Reserve is located in the easter part of Sõrve peninsula aiming to preserve more than 20 plant species, including Ajuga pyramidalis and Taxus baccata. An unique calcium-rich spring fen lies under the shore bluff dominated by pine forests; furthermore, there is also a temporary water body – Koltsi lake. Besides, a drained swamp, a fresh boreal forest and a rich paludified forest lie on bluff slopes.Myxomycetes of the island of Saaremaa, EstoniaGrazina Adamonyte1 & Veiko Kastanje21Institute of Botany, Nature Research Centre, Zaliuju ezeru 49, LT-08406 Vilnius, Lithuania. E-mail: grazina.adamonyte@botanika.lt 2Estonian Research Institute of Agriculture, 13 Teaduse St., 75501 Saku, Estonia. E-mail: veiko.kastanje@eria.eeAbstract: Forty three species and infraspecific taxa of myxomycetes were recorded in different ecotopes of the Saaremaa island, the West Estonian Archipelago, during the 17th Symposium of the Baltic Mycologists and Lichenologists in 2008. Among them, thirteen species were found for the first time in Estonia: Arcyria abietina, Comatricha ellae, Craterium leucocephalum, Diderma effusum, Didymium nigripes, Echinostelium apitectum, Licea minima, L. operculata, Physarum robustum, P. viride, Stemonaria irregularis, Stemonitopsis amoena, and Trichia munda.Kokkuvõte: Saaremaa limakud43 liiki ja liigisisest taksonit limakuid registreeriti Saaremaa eri biotoopidest Balti mükoloogide ja lihhenoloogide 17. süm-poosioni jooksul 2008. a. Neist 13 liiki on Eestile uued: Arcyria abietina, Comatricha ellae, Craterium leucocephalum, Diderma effusum, Didymium nigripes, Echinostelium apitectum, Licea minima, L. operculata, Physarum robustum, P. viride, Stemonaria irregularis, Stemonitopsis amoena ja Trichia munda.2 Folia Cryptog. EstonicaField and laboratory workKaugatoma-Lõo Landscape Reserve was visited on September 18, Odalätsi Landscape Reserve – on September 19, and Viieristi Nature Reserve – on September 20, 2008. During the excursions mature fruitbodies and bark of woody plants for subsequent laboratory cultivation of microscopic myxomycete species were collected. Bark sam-ples of main phorophytes in each visited site were collected into paper bags and processed in moist chamber cultures in the laboratory following Härkönen (1977).Voucher specimens are deposited at the herbarium of the Institute of Botany, Vilnius (BILAS) and at the mycological collection of Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu (TAAM).Myxomycete taxonomy follows the clas-sification system of Nannenga-Bremekamp (1991), and nomenclature follows Lado (2001, 2005–2010, 2011). Abbreviations of the authors of the species are cited according to Brummitt & Powell (1992).RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONNo data on the occurrence of myxomycetes have been available from the island of Saaremaa so far, therefore this small study provides an ad-ditional information on the distribution of a number of myxomycete species. During three field trips 43 species and infraspecific taxa of myxomycetes were recorded in different ecotopes of the Saaremaa island. Among them, 13 species were found for the first time in Estonia. Employ-ment of the moist chamber method resulted in revealing more than a half of these new species. The great majority of recorded myxomycetes are common temperate or cosmopolitan species known also from the neighbouring countries, i.e. Finland (Härkönen, 1979a, 1979b, 1981, 1988; etc.), Latvia (Bucholtz, 1908; Kupffer, 1931; Ruskule & Vimba, 1987; Adamonyte, 2006; etc.), and Russia (Novozhilov, 1993, 2005; etc.). Stemonaria irregularis can be mentioned as a noteworthy species, which is distributed worldwide but is rare everywhere and mostly represented by solitary specimens.Fig.1. The location of the Kaugatoma-Lõo, Odalätsi and Viieristi reserves in Saaremaa island, Estonia.3List of speciesSpecies that are new to Estonia are marked with an asterisk (*). Specimens developed in moist chamber cultures are marked with “mc”. Abbreviations of localities: K – Kaugatoma-Lõo Landscape Reserve; O – Odalätsi Landscape Reserve; V – Viieristi Nature Reserve.*ArcyriA AbietinA (Wigand) Nann.-Bremek. – TAAM 198334 (O), duplicate 3605 in BILAS. On dead Pinus sylvestris log.A. cinereA (Bull.) Pers. – BILAS 3156 (K); 3561mc, 3567mc (both V). On a log and Ulmus sp. bark.A. incArnAtA (Pers. ex J. F. Gmel.) Pers. – BILAS 3160 (K). On a log.A. pomiformis (Leers) Rostaf. – BILAS 3548mc (K); 3564mc (V). On Juniperus communis and Ulmus sp. bark, respectively.A. stipAtA (Schwein.) Lister – BILAS 3159 (K). On a log.clAstodermA debAryAnum A. Blytt – BILAS 3171 (V). On a deciduous log.*comAtrichA ellAe Härk. – BILAS 3552mc (K). On Picea abies bark.C. nigra (Pers. ex J.F.Gmel.) J.Schröt. – TAAM 198330 (O). On dead Pinus sylvestris branch.*crAterium leucocephAlum (Pers. ex J. F. Gmel.) Ditmar – BILAS 3157 (K). On litter.cribrAriA purpureA Schrad. – BILAS 3181 (V). On a log.c. rufA (Roth.) Rostaf. – BILAS 3155 (K); 3166 (O); 3180 (V). On a log.*didermA effusum (Schwein.) Morgan – BILAS 3545mc, 3555mc (both K). On Pinus sylves-tris and Picea abies bark. didymium difforme (Pers.) Gray – BILAS 3570mc (V). On Ulmus sp. bark.*d. nigripes (Link) Fr.– BILAS 3169 (O). On litter.*echinostelium Apitectum K. D. Whitney – BILAS 3541mc, 3544mc (both K). On Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris bark.e. brooksii K. D. Whitney – BILAS 3543mc, 3547mc, 3553mc (all K), 3574mc (V). On Pinus sylvestris, Juniperus communis and Picea abies (twice) bark.e. minutum de Bary – BILAS 3540mc (K); 3557mc (O). On Betula sp. and Pinus sylvestris bark.fuligo septicA (L.) F. H. Wigg. – TAAM 198335 (O). On mosses.f. septicA var. flAvA (Pers.) Lázaro Ibiza – TAAM 198336 (O). On mosses.f. cAndidA Pers. – TAAM 198333 (O). On grasses.hemitrichiA clAvAtA (Pers.) Rostaf. – BILAS 3163 (O); 3174 (V). On logs.leocArpus frAgilis (Dicks.) Rostaf. – BILAS 3161 (O); 3172 (V). On litter (twigs). liceA kleistobolus G. W. Martin  – a record only, mc (O). On Pinus sylvestris bark.*l. minimA Fr. – BILAS 3565mc (V). On Ulmus sp. bark.*l. operculAtA (Wingate) G. W. Martin – BILAS 3554mc (K); 3568mc, 3571mc (both V). On Picea abies, Ulmus sp. and Betula sp. bark.l. pArAsiticA (Zukal) G. W. Martin – a record only mc (K), BILAS 3559mc (O), 3572mc, 3573mc (both V). On Picea abies (twice) and Betula sp. bark.lycogAlA epidendrum (L.) Fr. – BILAS 3154 (K), 3175 (V). On logs.mAcbrideolA corneA (G. Lister et Cran) Alexop. – BILAS 3551mc (K); 3566mc, 3569mc (both V). On Fraxinus excelsior and Ulmus sp. (twice) bark.pArAdiAcheopsis fimbriAtA (G. Lister et Cran) Hertel. ex Nann.-Bremek. – BILAS 3575mc (V). On Picea abies bark.p. solitAriA (Nann.-Bremek.) Nann.-Bremek. – BILAS 3546mc (K); 3558mc (O). On Junipe-rus communis and Picea abies bark.perichAenA chrysospermA (Curr.) Lister – BILAS 3560mc (O); 3562mc, 3569 (both V). On Picea abies and Ulmus sp. (twice) bark.p. corticAlis (Batsch) Rostaf. – BILAS 3178 (V). On a deciduous log.physArum Album (Bull.) Chevall. – BILAS 3165 (V); 3179 (V), TAAM 198331 (O). On logs, dead Pinus sylvestris bark.*ph. robustum (Lister.) Nann.-Bremek. – BILAS 3170 (O). On a log.*ph. viride (Bull.) Pers. – BILAS 3542mc (K); 3168 (O). On Betula sp. bark and a log.*stemonAriA irregulAris (Rex) Nann.-Bremek., R.Sharma et Y.Yamam. – BILAS 3162 (O). On a log.*stemonitopsis AmoenA (Nann.-Bremek.) Nann.-Bremek. – BILAS 3167 (O); 3576mc (V). On a log and Ulmus sp. bark.trichiA decipiens (Pers.) T. Macbr. – BILAS 3323 (O); 3173 (V). On logs.t. fAvogineA (Batsch) Pers. – BILAS 3177 (V). On a log.*t. mundA (Lister) Meyl. – BILAS 3556mc (K); 3563mc (V). On Juniperus communis and Ulmus sp. bark.4 Folia Cryptog. Estonicat. persimilis P. Karst. – BILAS 3164 (O), TAAM 198332 (O). On a log, decaying Pinus syl-vestris wood. t. vAriA (Pers. ex J.F.Gmel.) Pers. – BILAS 3173, 3174 (both V). On logs.tubiferA ferruginosA (Batsch) J. F. Gmel. – BI-LAS 3158 (K); 3176 (V). On stumps.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSParticipation of the first author at the 17th Sym-posium of the Baltic Mycologists and Lichenolo-gists was supported by the Lithuanian State Science and Studies Foundation.The base location map for Fig. 1 was ob-tained by courtesy of Dr. Jaan Liira, University of Tartu.REFERENCES Adamonyte, G. 2000. New data on Estonian myxomy-cete biota. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica 36: 7–9.Adamonyte, G. 2006. New findings of myxomycetes in Latvia. Botanica Lithuanica 12(1): 57–64.Brummitt, R. K. & Powell, C. E. 1992. Authors of plant names. Kew. 732 pp.Bucholtz, F. 1908. Verzeichnis der bisher für die Ostseeprovinzen Russlands bekannt gewordenen Myxogasteres. Korrespondenzblatt des Naturfor-scher-Vereins zu Riga 51: 93–108.Feest, A. 1987. The Quantitative ecology of soil myce-tozoa. Progress in Protistology 2: 331–361.Härkönen, M. 1977. Corticolous Myxomycetes in three different habitats in southern Finland. Karstenia 17: 19–32.Härkönen, M. 1979a. A check-list of Finnish Myxo-mycetes. Karstenia 19: 8–18.Härkönen, M. 1979b. Additions and corrections to the Finnish flora of Myxomycetes. Karstenia 19: 1–7.Härkönen, M. 1981. Ten myxomycete species new to Finland. Karstenia 21: 53–56.Härkönen, M. 1988 (1989). Thirteen taxa of Myxomy-cetes new to Finland. Karstenia 28: 93–99.Ing, B. 1990. New records of myxomycetes in Estonia. Proceedings of the Estonian Academy of Sciences: Biology 39(4): 271–276.Järva, L. & Parmasto, E. (comp.) 1980. List of Estonian fungi with host index and bibliography. Tartu. 332 pp.Järva, L., Parmasto, I. & Vaasma, M. (comp.) 1998. List of Estonian fungi with host index and bibliography. Supplement 1 (1975–1990). Tartu. 183 pp.Kupffer, K. R. 1931. Die Naturschonstätte Moritzholm. Arbeiten des Naturforscher-Vereins zu Riga, Neue Folge 19: 53–92.Lado, C. 2001. Nomenmyx. A nomenclatural taxabase of myxomycetes. Madrid. 219 pp.Lado, C. 2005–2010. An online nomenclatural informa-tion system of Eumycetozoa. http://www.nomen.eumycetozoa.com (consulted 2010).Lado, C. 2011. The nomenclatural status of the genus Tubifera (Myxomycetes). Taxon 60(1): 221–222.Madelin, M. F., 1984. Myxomycetes, microorganisms and animals: a model of diversity in animal-mi-crobial interactions. – In: Anderson, J. M., Rayner, A. D., Walton, D. W. H. Invertebrate–microbial interactions. Cambridge, pp. 1–33.Mitchell, D. W. 2005. Myxomycetes 2005. Inventory of all-world taxa. CD-ROM (private edition).Nannenga-Bremekamp, N. E. 1991. A guide to temper-ate myxomycetes. Bristol. 409 pp.Novozhilov, Yu. K. 1993. Class Myxomycetes (in Rus-sian). St. Petersburg. 288 pp.Novozhilov, Yu. K. 2005. Myxomycetes (class Myxomy-cetes) of Russia: taxonomy, ecology and geogra-phy (in Russian). DSc Thesis. Manuscript at the Komarov Botanical Institute RAS. St. Petersburg.Ruskule, S. & Vimba, E. 1987. Gļotsēņu pētījumi Slīteres Valsts rezervātā. Mežsaimniecība un mežrupniecība 2: 41–42.Saar, I. & Suija, A. (eds) 2008. Excursion sites. – In: XVII Symposium of the Baltic Mycologists and Li-chenologists. Estonia, Saaremaa, Mändjala, 17–21 September 2008. Abstracts: 4–5. Tartu.

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Myxomycetes of the island of Saaremaa, Estonia

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