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Disparity in elevational shifts of European trees in response to recent climate warming
Authors
Slawomir Ambrozy
Raquel Benavides
+13 more
Johan Bergh
Josep Maria Espelta
Wojciech Gil
Elena Granda Fernández
Wojciech Grodzki
José A. Hódar
Georges Kunstler
Romá Ogaya
Josep Peñuelas
Sonia G. Rabasa
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
Fernando Valladares Ros
Regino Zamora
Publication date
11 September 2017
Publisher
'Wiley'
Doi
Cite
Abstract
Predicting climate-driven changes in plant distribution is crucial for biodiversity conservation and management under recent climate change. Climate warming is expected to induce movement of species upslope and towards higher latitudes. However, the mechanisms and physiological processes behind the altitudinal and latitudinal distribution range of a tree species are complex and depend on each tree species features and vary over ontogenetic stages. We investigated the altitudinal distribution differences between juvenile and adult individuals of seven major European tree species along elevational transects covering a wide latitudinal range from southern Spain (37°N) to northern Sweden (67°N). By comparing juvenile and adult distributions (shifts on the optimum position and the range limits) we assessed the response of species to present climate conditions in relation to previous conditions that prevailed when adults were established. Mean temperature increased by 0.86 °C on average at our sites during the last decade compared with previous 30-year period. Only one of the species studied, Abies alba, matched the expected predictions under the observed warming, with a maximum abundance of juveniles at higher altitudes than adults. Three species, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris, showed an opposite pattern while for other three species, such as Quercus ilex, Acer pseudoplatanus and Q. petraea, we were no able to detect changes in distribution. These findings are in contrast with theoretical predictions and show that tree responses to climate change are complex and are obscured not only by other environmental factors but also by internal processes related to ontogeny and demography. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Financial support was provided by the European Union with the project BACCARA (FP7-226299, 7FP) and the Spanish Ministry for Innovation and Science with the grant Consolider Montes (CSD2008_00040).Peer Reviewe
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Last time updated on 15/10/2017