Additional file 1. Lack of siRNA larvicide target site conservation in nonâtarget organisms. Summary of Blast search results

David Severson (3320019)

Elizabeth Harper (4589839)

Jacob Realey (4589842)

Kathleen Eggleson (4179187)

Keshava Mysore (413368)

Limb Hapairai (346907)

Longhua Sun (231382)

Molly Duman-Scheel (214904)

Na Wei (122650)

Nicholas Scheel (4589845)

Yingying Chen (500738)

Malaria Journal

Background
Although larviciding can reduce the number of outdoor biting malaria vector mosquitoes, which may help to prevent residual malaria transmission, the current larvicide repertoire is faced with great challenges to sustainability. The identification of new effective, economical, and biorational larvicides could facilitate maintenance and expansion of the practice of larviciding in integrated malaria vector mosquito control programmes. Interfering RNA molecules represent a novel class of larvicides with untapped potential for sustainable mosquito control. This investigation tested the hypothesis that short interfering RNA molecules can be used as mosquito larvicides.

Results
A small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for larval lethal genes identified siRNAs corresponding to the Anopheles gambiae suppressor of actin (Sac1), leukocyte receptor complex member (lrc), and offtrack (otk) genes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) was engineered to produce short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for silencing of these genes. Feeding larvae with the engineered yeasts resulted in silenced target gene expression, a severe loss of neural synapses in the larval brain, and high levels of larval mortality. The larvicidal activities of yeast interfering RNA larvicides were retained following heat inactivation and drying of the yeast into user-friendly tablet formulations that induced up to 100% larval mortality in laboratory trials.

Conclusions
Ready-to-use dried inactivated yeast interfering RNA larvicide tablets may someday be an effective and inexpensive addition to malaria mosquito control programmes and a valuable, biorational tool for addressing residual malaria transmission.

Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-017-2112-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Mysore, Keshava

Hapairai, Limb K.

Sun, Longhua

Harper, Elizabeth I.

Chen, Yingying

Eggleson, Kathleen K.

Realey, Jacob S.

Scheel, Nicholas D.

Severson, David W.

Wei, Na

Duman-Scheel, Molly

IUPUIScholarWorks

English

Yeast interfering RNA larvicides targeting neural genes induce high rates of Anopheles larval mortality

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MOESM1 of Yeast interfering RNA larvicides targeting neural genes induce high rates of Anopheles larval mortality

Abstract Background Although larviciding can reduce the number of outdoor biting malaria vector mosquitoes, which may help to prevent residual malaria transmission, the current larvicide repertoire is faced with great challenges to sustainability. The identification of new effective, economical, and biorational larvicides could facilitate maintenance and expansion of the practice of larviciding in integrated malaria vector mosquito control programmes. Interfering RNA molecules represent a novel class of larvicides with untapped potential for sustainable mosquito control. This investigation tested the hypothesis that short interfering RNA molecules can be used as mosquito larvicides. Results A small interfering RNA (siRNA) screen for larval lethal genes identified siRNAs corresponding to the Anopheles gambiae suppressor of actin (Sac1), leukocyte receptor complex member (lrc), and offtrack (otk) genes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast) was engineered to produce short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) for silencing of these genes. Feeding larvae with the engineered yeasts resulted in silenced target gene expression, a severe loss of neural synapses in the larval brain, and high levels of larval mortality. The larvicidal activities of yeast interfering RNA larvicides were retained following heat inactivation and drying of the yeast into user-friendly tablet formulations that induced up to 100% larval mortality in laboratory trials. Conclusions Ready-to-use dried inactivated yeast interfering RNA larvicide tablets may someday be an effective and inexpensive addition to malaria mosquito control programmes and a valuable, biorational tool for addressing residual malaria transmission

Keshava Mysore

Limb K. Hapairai

Longhua Sun

Elizabeth I. Harper

Yingying Chen

Kathleen K. Eggleson

Jacob S. Realey

Nicholas D. Scheel

David W. Severson

Na Wei

Molly Duman-Scheel

Directory of Open Access Journals

https://figshare.com/articles/MOESM1_of_Yeast_interfering_RNA_larvicides_targeting_neural_genes_induce_high_rates_of_Anopheles_larval_mortality/5597284

MOESM1 of Yeast interfering RNA larvicides targeting neural genes induce high rates of Anopheles larval mortality

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Directory of Open Access Journals