Defeyter, Margaret Anne (Greta)

Graham, Pamela L.

Russo, Riccardo

Northumbria University Research Portal

Citation:  Graham,  Pamela  L.,  Defeyter,  Margaret  Anne  and  Russo,  Riccardo  (2010) Breakfast club attendance and positive peer relationships: Is there a link? In: School and Community Breakfast Clubs: Breakfast on a Plate...Delivery to Impact, 9 November 2010, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. URL: This  version  was  downloaded  from  Northumbria  Research  Link: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/5502/Northumbria University has developed Northumbria Research Link (NRL) to enable users to access the University’s research output. Copyright © and moral rights for items on NRL are retained by the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners.  Single copies of full items can be reproduced,  displayed or  performed,  and given to  third parties in  any format  or medium for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge, provided the authors, title and full bibliographic details are given, as well  as a hyperlink and/or URL to the original metadata page. The content must  not  be changed in any way. Full items must not be sold commercially in any format or medium without  formal  permission  of  the  copyright  holder.   The  full  policy  is  available  online: http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/policies.htmlThis document may differ from the final, published version of the research and has been made available online in accordance with publisher policies. To read and/or cite from the published version of the research, please visit the publisher’s website (a subscription may be required.)Breakfast Club Attendance & Positive Peer Relationships: Is There a Link?Pamela L. Graham, Greta Defeyterand Riccardo RussoWhat is a Breakfast Club?o Safe place to go before the start of the school dayo Opportunity to meet with friends and staffo Nutritious breakfasto Activities to take part inBenefits of Breakfast ClubSchool breakfast participation has been linked to improvements in:o Classroom behaviour (Bro et al, 1994)o Maths grades (Murphy et al, 1998)o School attendance (Simeon, 1998)Benefits associated with school breakfast participation have been attributed mainly to the breakfast meal.Potential impact of the social environment has received little attentionMore Than Just a Meal?Family Mealtimeso Community and belonging (Fulkerson et al, 2006)o Facilitate interaction (Cason, 2006)o Teach social skills (Eisenberg et al, 2004)Out of School Activitieso Positive peer interaction (Bartko & Eccles, 2003)o Development of friendship (Bartko & Eccles, 2003)o Protection from victimisation (Hodges et al, 1999)Aim of Present StudyTo investigate whether breakfast club attendance facilitates children’s peer relationships in school.o Friendship qualityo Peer victimisationParticipants8 primary schoolsn = 268163 females 105 malesMean age = 8.4 yearsAge range = 6.3 years – 10.11 yearsBreakfast Clubn = 9459 females35 malesMean age = 8.24 yearsAfter School Clubn = 8647 females39 malesMean age = 8.75 yearsControln = 8857 females31 malesMean age = 8.24 yearsFriendship Qualities Scale(Bukowski, Hoza and Boivin, 1994)+ Companionship – free time spent together+ Help – mutual help, assistance and protection+ Security – reliance and conflict resolution + Closeness – emotional bond between friends- Conflict – fights, arguments and disagreementsFalse Partly FalseDon’t KnowPartly True TrueMultidimensional Peer Victimisation Scale(Mynard and Joseph, 2000)o Physical victimisation – punching and kickingo Verbal victimisation – name callingo Social manipulation – turning friends against each othero Attacks of physical property – damage or theft of possessionsNot at all Once More than onceProcedure2 months6 monthsBreakfast clubs started Time 1 Time 2Friendship Qualities Scale&Peer Victimisation ScaleFriendship Qualities Scale&Peer Victimisation ScaleResults: Friendship Qualities ScaleBreakfast Club012345CompanionshipConflictHelpSecurityClosenessFriendship Quality DimensionsMean ScoreTime 1Time 2****** p<0.01Results: Friendship Qualities ScaleAfter School Club Time 1Time 2012345CompanionshipConflictHelpSecurityClosenessFriendship Quality DimensionsMean Score*** * ** p<0.01Results: Friendship Qualities ScaleControl012345CompanionshipConflictHelpSecurityClosenessTime 1Time 2Mean ScoreFriendship Quality Dimensions***** p<0.01Results: Peer Victimisation ScaleBreakfast Club Time 1Time 200.511.522.533.5Physical Social Verbal PropertyDimensions of VictimisationMean Score**** p<0.01Results: Peer Victimisation ScaleAfter School Club Time 1Time 200.511.522.533.5Physical Social Verbal PropertyMean ScoreDimensions of Victimisation**** p<0.01Results: Peer Victimisation ScaleControl Time 1Time 200.511.522.533.5Physical Social Verbal PropertyMean ScoreDimensions of Victimisation*** p<0.01Discussiono No significant differences between groups at time 1- Findings cannot be ascribed to inherent differences between groups at time 1o Breakfast club attendance did appear to facilitate children’s relationships with their peers in school- Small group meal might be the driving forceo Out of school club attendance led to a reduction in victimisation across time- Out of school clubs might provide a protective peer group

Breakfast club attendance and positive peer relationships: Is there a link?

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