Ponència presentada a: Session 4: Etnografìas, fenomenología, fenomenología social y dialogía social / Ethnographies in the studios, phenomenology, social dialog

Chupin, Jean-Pierre

Cucuzzella, Carmela

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	 1	Proposal	for	the:	INTERNATIONAL	CONFERENCE		ARQUITECTONICS	NETWORK:	MIND,	LAND	AND	SOCIETY	Innovative	and	Interdisciplinary	Research	by	Design:	Education,	Architecture	and	Social	Planning	Participation			Authors:		Carmela	Cucuzzella,	PhD,	Assistant	Professor	Design	and	Computation	Arts,	Concordia	University,	Montreal,	Canada	Research	Chair	in	Integrated	Design	And	Sustainability	for	the	Built	Environment		LEAP	lab	(www.leap.umontreal.ca)		Jean-Pierre	Chupin,	PhD,	Professor	School	of	Architecture,	Université	de	Montréal,	Montreal,	Canada	Research	Chair	on	Competitions	and	Contemporary	Practices	in	Architecture	LEAP	lab	(www.leap.umontreal.ca)		Main	Topic	of	Presentation:		4.	Ethnographies	in	the	studios,	Phenomenology,	Social	Dialogy		Title	of	Proposed	Presentation:	Observing	Juries	in	Architectural	Competitions:	Advantages	and	Paradoxes		Abstract:	For	 socio-anthropologist	 Jean-Pierre	 Boutinet,	 the	 architecture	 project	 reveals	theoretical	problems	with	respect	to	the	complexity	of	anticipating	the	form	of	a	place	through	‘design	thinking’	(2012).	Weconsider	the	project	as	a	set	of	traces	and	indices	of	design	thinking	and	of	reflexive	practices	embedded	within	the	epistemology	of	‘how	professionals	think	in	action’	(Schön,	1983).	In	a	design	competition,	projects	are	meant	to	be	compared.		Competitions,	 along	 with	 the	 design	 projects	 that	 are	 generated	 through	 this	normally	 transparent	 device,	 are	 therefore	 understood	 as	 epistemological	 filters,	revealing	 phenomenological	 situations,	 allowing	 the	 study	 of	 interdisciplinary	 issues	related	 to	 contemporary	 design	 projects	 (Chupin	 et	 al.,	 2015;	 Anderson,	 et	 al,	 2013;	Ronn	 et	 al,	 2010;	 Collyer	 &	 Berk,	 2004).	 Some	 competitions	 act	 as	 controversial	moments,	 while	 others,	 as	 experimental	 moments	 in	 the	 design	 disciplines	 (Yaneva,	2012;	Lipstadt,	1989,	1991).		Recent	work	in	competitions	studies	shows	that	from	the	construction	of	the	brief,	to	the	realization	of	the	winning	project,	competitions	are	true	communication	platforms	(Van	 Wezemael,	 2011)	 however,	 these	 communicative	 exchanges,	 these	 qualitative	judgments,	also	emphasize	the	value	systems	of	the	various	stakeholders	with	regards	to	design	quality	as	a	whole	(Cucuzzella	&	Chupin,	2013).	In	this	sense,	the	competition	situation	requires	both	a	multiplicity	of	views	and	a	representative	mix	of	disciplinary	expertise	 of	 practitioners	 (Chupin	 &	 Cucuzzella,	 2011;	 Kreiner	 et	 al,	 2011;	 Tostrup,	1999;	 Spreiregen,	 1979).	 So	 competitions	 represent	 exemplar	 comparable	 situations.	Specifically,	observations	of	jury	deliberations	help	better	understand	how	architecture	project	 representations	 are	 interpreted	 and	 how	 the	 social	 interdisciplinary	 and	cognitive	origins	of	the	jurors	help	in	the	production	of	knowledge	through	the	process	of	qualitative	judgment.			 2	In	fact,	rather	than	viewing	judgment	as	a	separate	process	from	design,	jurors	may	be	considered	the	re-designers	of	the	potential	winning	project.	From	this	point	of	view,	the	judgment	process	requires	jurors	to	converge	on	a	project,	to	the	point	where	they	can	 appropriate	 it	 and	make	 it	 theirs	 in	 a	 common	 decision.	 Since	 the	winner	 is	 the	«product»	 of	 the	 judgment	 process,	 it	 follows	 that	 the	 product	 is	 the	 «project	 of	 the	jury»,	as	if	the	jury	had	designed	it	(Chupin	2011).		Given	the	richness	of	competition	 juries	as	exemplary	epistemological	devises,	how	can	 the	 jury	 process	 contribute	 to	 research-by-design	 through	 the	 process	 of	deliberation?	 How	 can	 we	 best	 observe	 and	 transcribe	 this	 process?	 How	 can	 this	paradox	 of	 transparency	 in	 a	 competition	 jury	 be	 overcome?	 Drawing	 on	 empirical	observations	of	competition	juries	in	the	Canadian	context,	this	presentation	focuses	on	the	 advantages	 and	 paradoxes	 of	 the	 transparency	 of	 the	 competition	 jury	 in	 this	construction	of	knowledge.			References:	ANDERSSON,	J.	E.,	ZETTERSTEN,	G.	B.	&	RÖNN,	M.	(eds.)	2013.	Architectural	Competitions	-	Histories	and	Practice:	Rio	Kulturkooperativ.	BOUTINET,	J.P.	2012.	Anthropologie	du	projet.	Paris,	Presses	Universitaires	de	France.	COLLYER,	G.	S.,	BERK,	M.	2004.	Competing	globally	in	architecture	competitions,	Chichester,	West	Sussex,	England	;	Hoboken,	NJ,	Wiley-Academy.	Chupin,	Jean-Pierre.	2011.	"Judgement	by	Design:	Towards	a	model	for	studying	and	improving	the	competition	process	in	architecture	and	urban	design."		The	Scandinavian	Journal	of	Management:	special	topic	forum	on	“Architectural	Competitions”	27	(1):173-184.	CHUPIN,	J.-P.,	CUCUZZELLA,	C.,	HELAL,	B.	(eds.)	2015.	Architecture	Competitions	and	the	Production	of	Culture,	Quality	and	Knowledge:	An	International	Inquiry,	Montreal,	Canada:	Potential	Architecture	Books.		CHUPIN,	J.-P.	,	CUCUZZELLA,	C.	2011.	Environmental	standards	and	judgment	processes	in	competitions	for	public	buildings.	Geographica	Helvetica,	Swiss	Journal	of	Geography,	special	issue	on	competitions,	Forms,	places,	and	processes:	tracing	geographies	of	architecture	through	design	competitions,	(Fribourg),	Suisse,	13-23.	CUCUZZELLA,	C.	&	CHUPIN,	J.-P.	2013.	The	‘global	warming’	of	the	judgment	process	in	competitions	for	public	buildings	in	Canada.	The	International	Journal	of	Sustainability	Policy	and	Practice,	8,	53-67.	KREINER,	K.,	ET	AL.	2011.	Dialogues	and	the	problems	of	knowing:	Reinventing	the	architectural	competition.	Scandinavian	Journal	of	Management,	27,	7.	LIPSTADT,	 H.	 1991.	 Architects	 in	 Competition.	 Review,	 Journal	 of	 the	 Society	 of	 Architectural	Historians,	50,	no.	3.		LIPSTADT,	H.	(ed.)	1989.	The	Experimental	Tradition:	Essays	on	Competitions	in	Architecture,	New	York:	Princeton	Architectural	Press.	RONN,	M.,	KAZEMIAN,	R.	&	ANDERSSON,	J.	E.	(eds.)	2010.	The	Architectural	Competition	(Research	Inquiries	and	Experience),	Stockholm:	Axl	Books.	SCHÖN,	D.,	A.	1983.	The	Reflective	Practitioner:	How	Professionals	Think	in	Action,	printed	in	the	USA,	Basic	Books.	SPREIREGEN,	P.	D.	1979.	Design	competitions,	New	York,	McGraw-Hill.	TOSTRUP,	E.	1999.	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Observing juries in architectural competitions: advantages and paradoxes

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