Bennett, William F.

Lyerly, Paul J.

Texas A&amp;M Repository

L-223 1958FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONSfor the Upper Rio Grandeand Trans PecosSOIL AREAS:A East Texas Timber CountryB Gulf Coast PrairieC Blackland PrairieD Grand PrairieE West Cross TimbersF Central BasinG Rio Grande PlainH Edwards PlateauI Rolling PlainsJ High PlainsK Mountains and BasinsAdapted from Texas Agricultural ExperimentStation Bulletin 431, by W. T. Carter.TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICEJ. E. Hutchison, Director, College Station, TexasFERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONSfor the Upper Rio Grandeand Trans PecosWilliam F. Bennett, Extension Soil ChemistPaul J. Lyerly, Superintendent, Substation No. 17Texas A. & M. College SystemThe fertilizer recommendations contained herein are general inscope. Soils vary in fields and area so much that soil tests should bemade in order to recommend more definite and economical fertilizer ap-plications.For best results with fertilizers, other factors should be favorable,such as a well-prepared seed bed, good stand, absence of disease, ade-quate moisture, aeration and good cultural practices. Good croppingsystems with legumes in rotation aid in a favorable response of crops tofertilizers. Where soil conditions are very favorable even higher ratesof fertilization than those shown may be economically advantageous.High-analysis fertilizers usually are cheaper. Low-analysis fer-tilizers cost less per bag, but the cost per acre is greater for the sameamount of nutrients. The grades, 5-10-5 and 10-20-10, have the sameratio (1-2-1) of nutrients, but 10-20-10 has twice as much fertilizingvalue as 5-10-5. It requires only one-half as many pounds of 10-20-10per acre to supply the same amount of plant nutrients.Fertilizers containing phosphorus should be drilled or plowed intothe land. Phosphorus does not move freely into the soil. Liquid fer-tilizers may be used instead of solid fertilizers at the same rate per acre.Liquid fertilizers usually are much more expensive per unit of nutrients.Anhydrous ammonia is an excellent source of nitrogen when prop-erlyapplied. It is the cheapest nitrogen fertilizer when used at moderateto high rates on large acreages. When anhydrous ammonia is used asa fertilizer, the opening made by the applicator should be covered im-mediately to prevent loss of ammonia. Likewise, the soil should be ingood tilth.FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS:The following recommendations are expressed in pounds of nu-trients per acre and do not represent fertilizer grades. The nutrientsmust be obtained from materials or fertilizer mixtures sold on themarket.For example, a recommendation calling for 30-60-30, which is a1-2-1 ratio, can be obtained by applYing 600 pounds of 5-10-5 or 250pounds of 12-24-12 or 300 pounds of 10-20-10. Again, if a recommenda-tion calls for 15-60-0, this may be obtained by applying about 400 poundsof a 4-16-0 or 125 pounds of 11-48-0.Row Crops: Fertilizer usually is applied at the time of planting orjust before. Fertilizers are more efficiently used by most crops whenapplied in a band 2 to 3 inches to the side and 2 to 3 inches below the seed.If equipment for applying fertilizers in bands while planting or cul-tivating is not available, apply the fertilizer in the water furrow andbed on it when the land is prepared for planting. Avoid putting the seedtoo close to the fertilizer as germination may be impaired.If large quantities of nitrogen fertilizer are to be applied, part ofthe nitrogen should be drilled into the soil with the phosphorus andpotash and the remainder applied 35 to 45 days later as a side or top-dressing.Small Grains: Fertilizers for small grains may be broadcast, drilledin or plowed in. Fertilizers containing nitrogen and potash should not beallowed to touch the seed.Phosphorus, potash and part of the nitrogen should be applied ator before seeding. The rest of the nitrogen should be applied in thespring before plants begin to joint.Pastures: For establishing improved pastures, fertilizer shouldbe applied in bands when possible. Otherwise, it should be broadcast,drilled or plowed in. For maintenance, topdress with 30-0-0 as needed.Repeat basic fertilizer treatment annually as suggested or according toa soil test.Fruit Trees: Fertilizer for fruit trees may be applied over the en-tire area covered by the orchard when the trees are mature. In non-bearing orchards, the fertilizer should be applied over the area coveredby the spread of the limbs. Keep fertilizer 1 foot away from tree trunks.Cultivate fertilizer applications into the soil.Recommendations for fertilizers in this circular are those foundbest by experiments, tests and practical experience in the field. Theyrange from the calcareous (limy) river valley clays to the sands of theuplands. If your farm contains both clays and loams, there will be tworecommendations for your land.When crops follow legumes turned under, the amount of fertilizerto be applied at planting may be reduced. Side or topdress with theamount of fertilizer suggested.The letters NR mean that the crop is not recommended for thisclass of soils.Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, The TexasA. & M. College System and United States Department of Agriculture cooperating.Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended, andJune 30, 1914.2M-11-57, Revised.Upper Rio Grande and Trans PecosIrrigated AreasPOUNDS OF NUTRIENTS TO BE APPLlED PER ACRE AT OR BEFORE PLANTINGClays Loams Sandsand and and Additional Treatmentclay loams sandy loams loamy sandsFIELD CROPS Topdress 0-60-0 annually in springAlfalfa 20-40-0 20-60-0 20-60-0 for maintenanceCorn, grain sorghum 40-40-0 40-40-0 60-60-0 Sidedress with 80-0-0 in 35 daysSweet sorghum, Side or topdress with 60-0-0 afterSudan, Johnsongrass 30-0-0 30-30-0 30-60-0 each cutting or each time grazeddownCotton-Rio Grande and Pecos Sidedress with 40-0-0 in late MayorFlood Plains, Lobo Flats 60-0-0 60-0-0 60-0-0 early June. Apply 60 lb. P205 to landand Madera Valley once every 5 yearsPecos, Dell City, Wild Horse Sidedress with 60-0-0 at 1st squareand Coyanosa Areas* 100-0-0 100-50-0 100-50-0Annual legumes 20-40-0 20-40-0 20-60-0Pastures Topdress with 60-0-0 each time cutGrasses only, grasses or grazed downand legumes including 40-40-0 40-40-0 60-60-0small grainsTRUCK CROPS Sidedress with 60-0-0 when plantsLettuce 30-0-0 60-60-0 60-60-0 begin to headTomatoes, peppers 20-40-0 30-60.;;0 40-80':() Sidedress With 40:'0-0 at set of firstfruitCantaloupes 40-40-0 40-80-0 40-80-0 Sidedress with 50-0-0 at first bloomOnions 20-60-0 40-80-0 50-100-0Adequate water supply must be available at all times.Under heavy water application, the amount of fertilizer may be increased.*Rates may vary, depending upon soil permeability, water and management practices.

Fertilizer Recommendations for the Upper Rio Grande, and Trans Pecos.

Texas A&M University

L-223 1958
FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS
for the Upper Rio Grande
and Trans Pecos
SOIL AREAS:
A East Texas Timber Country
B Gulf Coast Prairie
C Blackland Prairie
D Grand Prairie
E West Cross Timbers
F Central Basin
G Rio Grande Plain
H Edwards Plateau
I Rolling Plains
J High Plains
K Mountains and Basins
Adapted from Texas Agricultural Experiment
Station Bulletin 431, by W. T. Carter.
TEXAS AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE
J. E. Hutchison, Director, College Station, Texas
FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS
for the Upper Rio Grande
and Trans Pecos
William F. Bennett, Extension Soil Chemist
Paul J. Lyerly, Superintendent, Substation No. 17
Texas A. & M. College System
The fertilizer recommendations contained herein are general in
scope. Soils vary in fields and area so much that soil tests should be
made in order to recommend more definite and economical fertilizer ap-
plications.
For best results with fertilizers, other factors should be favorable,
such as a well-prepared seed bed, good stand, absence of disease, ade-
quate moisture, aeration and good cultural practices. Good cropping
systems with legumes in rotation aid in a favorable response of crops to
fertilizers. Where soil conditions are very favorable even higher rates
of fertilization than those shown may be economically advantageous.
High-analysis fertilizers usually are cheaper. Low-analysis fer-
tilizers cost less per bag, but the cost per acre is greater for the same
amount of nutrients. The grades, 5-10-5 and 10-20-10, have the same
ratio (1-2-1) of nutrients, but 10-20-10 has twice as much fertilizing
value as 5-10-5. It requires only one-half as many pounds of 10-20-10
per acre to supply the same amount of plant nutrients.
Fertilizers containing phosphorus should be drilled or plowed into
the land. Phosphorus does not move freely into the soil. Liquid fer-
tilizers may be used instead of solid fertilizers at the same rate per acre.
Liquid fertilizers usually are much more expensive per unit of nutrients.
Anhydrous ammonia is an excellent source of nitrogen when prop-
erlyapplied. It is the cheapest nitrogen fertilizer when used at moderate
to high rates on large acreages. When anhydrous ammonia is used as
a fertilizer, the opening made by the applicator should be covered im-
mediately to prevent loss of ammonia. Likewise, the soil should be in
good tilth.
FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATIONS:
The following recommendations are expressed in pounds of nu-
trients per acre and do not represent fertilizer grades. The nutrients
must be obtained from materials or fertilizer mixtures sold on the
market.
For example, a recommendation calling for 30-60-30, which is a
1-2-1 ratio, can be obtained by applYing 600 pounds of 5-10-5 or 250
pounds of 12-24-12 or 300 pounds of 10-20-10. Again, if a recommenda-
tion calls for 15-60-0, this may be obtained by applying about 400 pounds
of a 4-16-0 or 125 pounds of 11-48-0.
Row Crops: Fertilizer usually is applied at the time of planting orjust before. Fertilizers are more efficiently used by most crops when
applied in a band 2 to 3 inches to the side and 2 to 3 inches below the seed.
If equipment for applying fertilizers in bands while planting or cul-
tivating is not available, apply the fertilizer in the water furrow and
bed on it when the land is prepared for planting. Avoid putting the seed
too close to the fertilizer as germination may be impaired.
If large quantities of nitrogen fertilizer are to be applied, part of
the nitrogen should be drilled into the soil with the phosphorus and
potash and the remainder applied 35 to 45 days later as a side or top-
dressing.
Small Grains: Fertilizers for small grains may be broadcast, drilled
in or plowed in. Fertilizers containing nitrogen and potash should not be
allowed to touch the seed.
Phosphorus, potash and part of the nitrogen should be applied at
or before seeding. The rest of the nitrogen should be applied in the
spring before plants begin to joint.
Pastures: For establishing improved pastures, fertilizer should
be applied in bands when possible. Otherwise, it should be broadcast,
drilled or plowed in. For maintenance, topdress with 30-0-0 as needed.
Repeat basic fertilizer treatment annually as suggested or according to
a soil test.
Fruit Trees: Fertilizer for fruit trees may be applied over the en-
tire area covered by the orchard when the trees are mature. In non-
bearing orchards, the fertilizer should be applied over the area covered
by the spread of the limbs. Keep fertilizer 1 foot away from tree trunks.
Cultivate fertilizer applications into the soil.
Recommendations for fertilizers in this circular are those found
best by experiments, tests and practical experience in the field. They
range from the calcareous (limy) river valley clays to the sands of the
uplands. If your farm contains both clays and loams, there will be two
recommendations for your land.
When crops follow legumes turned under, the amount of fertilizer
to be applied at planting may be reduced. Side or topdress with the
amount of fertilizer suggested.
The letters NR mean that the crop is not recommended for this
class of soils.
Cooperative Extension Work in Agriculture and Home Economics, The Texas
A. & M. College System and United States Department of Agriculture cooperating.
Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8, 1914, as amended, and
June 30, 1914.
2M-11-57, Revised.
Upper Rio Grande and Trans Pecos
Irrigated Areas
POUNDS OF NUTRIENTS TO BE APPLlED PER ACRE AT OR BEFORE PLANTING
Clays Loams Sands
and and and Additional Treatment
clay loams sandy loams loamy sands
FIELD CROPS Topdress 0-60-0 annually in spring
Alfalfa 20-40-0 20-60-0 20-60-0 for maintenance
Corn, grain sorghum 40-40-0 40-40-0 60-60-0 Sidedress with 80-0-0 in 35 days
Sweet sorghum, Side or topdress with 60-0-0 after
Sudan, Johnsongrass 30-0-0 30-30-0 30-60-0 each cutting or each time grazed
down
Cotton-Rio Grande and Pecos Sidedress with 40-0-0 in late Mayor
Flood Plains, Lobo Flats 60-0-0 60-0-0 60-0-0 early June. Apply 60 lb. P205 to land
and Madera Valley once every 5 years
Pecos, Dell City, Wild Horse Sidedress with 60-0-0 at 1st square
and Coyanosa Areas* 100-0-0 100-50-0 100-50-0
Annual legumes 20-40-0 20-40-0 20-60-0
Pastures Topdress with 60-0-0 each time cut
Grasses only, grasses or grazed down
and legumes including 40-40-0 40-40-0 60-60-0
small grains
TRUCK CROPS Sidedress with 60-0-0 when plants
Lettuce 30-0-0 60-60-0 60-60-0 begin to head
Tomatoes, peppers 20-40-0 30-60.;;0 40-80':() Sidedress With 40:'0-0 at set of first
fruit
Cantaloupes 40-40-0 40-80-0 40-80-0 Sidedress with 50-0-0 at first bloom
Onions 20-60-0 40-80-0 50-100-0
Adequate water supply must be available at all times.
Under heavy water application, the amount of fertilizer may be increased.
*Rates may vary, depending upon soil permeability, water and management practices.


English

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Fertilizer Recommendations for the Upper Rio Grande, and Trans Pecos.

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Fertilizer Recommendations for the Upper Rio Grande, and Trans Pecos.

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Full text

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Texas A&amp;M Repository

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