Elliott, Fred C.

Texas A&M University

L-145
(Revised)
COTTON DEFOLIATION GUIDE IN TEXAS
By
FRED C. ELLIOTT
Extension Cotton Work Specialist
Texas A. & M. College System
1953
When to Apply: Defoliants, dusts or sprays, should be applied at least 35 days after the period
of maximum flower load. This permits maximum staple length development. Another way to
time the application of defoliants would be 30 days after cotton quits making, 'cut out'. or when
the youngest bolls expected to make cotton are 30 days old. This will be when about 10 per cent
of the bolls are open. Application should also be made ten days or two weeks prior to intended
picking date in Central and South Texas, and two to three weeks on the High Plains.
1. DUST DEFOLIANTS
Use Calcium Cyanamide when plants are wet with dew or adequate dew is forecast. Material
must remain in moisture on the leaf for at least two hours; four or more hours of moist exposure
preferred.
Monosodium Cyanamide does not depend on dew for activation. It becomes liquid on the leaf
by drawing moisture from the air or from the leaf. Leaves should be turgid or green, not wilted.
GUIDE FOR 1953 USE OF DEFOLIANTS
Chemical name
(% active ingredient)
Narne of Defoliant
DUSTS
Calcium cyanamide (57%)
AERO Cyanamid, Special Grade
Monosodium cyanamide (27%)
AERO Sodium Cyanamid, Dust.
Rate
Per
Acre
Lbs.
30-40
30-40
Dilution
Information
None
None
2. SPRAY DEFOLIANTS
Spray defoliants may be used in the absence of dews and at low humidities. Thorough coverage is
essential.
Airplane spraying: Dissolve 1 pound material in 1 gallon of water. Apply at rates given below.
Swath widths should be limited to the wing spread of the plane. For uniform applications, a flag
man is essential.
Ground spraying: Use rates given below. Dissolve in at least 25 gallons of water, depending
on type of sprayer and extent of plant growth. Use fenders on tractor equipment in rank cot-
ton.
GUIDE FOR 1953 USE OF DEFOLIANTS
Chemical name(% active ingredient)
Narne of Defoliant
Rate
Per
Acre
Dilution
Information
SPRAYS Qts.
Endothal (6.3 % )
Niagrathal D-F Spray
Pennsalt Endothal Defoliant S-4069
4-5
4-5
Use 7 to 10 gal. H20 per acre by air, 25
to 40 gal. ,by ground.
Lbs.
Magnesium chlorate, hexahydrate (58%) Use 7 to 10 gal. by air and 20 to 40 gal.
De-Fol-Ate 7-10 H20 per acre by ground.
M=-~0-n-o-so-d':"":i-u-rn-c-y-a-na-m---:-id7"e-:(:-::8-=5-%:-:):------------------~Uc=-s-e---:7-to10ga!. by air and-25 -to 40g:al~
AERO Cyanamid, Soluble 5-10 H20 per acre by ground.
Use 7 to 10 gal. H20 by air, 25 to 40 gal.
H20 per acre by ground.
7-10
Potassium cyanate (92%) Apply in 1 gal. H20 per lb. by air and
AERO· Cyanate Weed Killer 5-19 in 2 gal. or more ,per lb. by ground.
Sodium chlorate defoliants .
Sodium chlorate-pentaborate (40%-52%)
,Shed-A-Leaf
Sodium chlorate-pentaborate (37%-60%)
P. C. B. Defoliant
Sorliurn chIorate-pentaborate-tetraborate
(40%-45%-11%) Ortho C-1 Defoliant 5-10 " ,
Sodium chlorate-pentaborate (40%-60%)
Tumbleleaf 6-10
"
Apply in sufficient H20 to wet plants or
follow instructions on labels.6-8
8-10
--------;---.--;-----:-::-:c-:---:---==-=-~-,--=-_.,..--
Sodium chlorate-pentaborate (40%-60%)
Orchard Brand Chlorate DefQliant
Sodium ethyl-xanthate (8'5%) -'------------
S.E.X.
Sodium monochloroacetate (85%)
Dow Defoliant
Pentachlorophenol* Dilute 1 to 5 with No.2 diesel oil before
Golden Harvest (40%) ~-5 applying at rates shown.
Dilute 1 to 10 with diesel oil before ap-
Permaguard Defoliant Concentrate* (44%) :i-5 plying at rate shown.
Dilute 1 to 10 with diesel oil or H20 be-
Permaguard Defoliant WE-40 (42%) * :i-5 fore applying at rate shown.
*Pentachlorophenol is primarily a desicant rather than a true defoliant. Because of its severe action on plant tissue
it should not be used on immature cotton. Use only when all bolls are fully mature.
More efficient defoliation is obtained when the cotton is mature with leaves in a condition of ac-
tivity, not wilted, and not toughened by drought or starved by lack of fertility, and where plant
moisture is adequate, weather warm and humid. Make full use of all weather information, such
as dew and humidity forecasts, temperature, wind velocity, rainfall, etc., from radio stations.
Cautions: Defoliate only enough acreage to stay ahead of harvesting. A second application may
be necessary in unusually rank cotton, or if plants are immature. This should be after leaves have
fallen from the first application, usually 7-10 days. Read carefully and follow the precautions
printed on the container labels. Do not use any defoliant that is not labeled as to exact chemical
content. Unknown defoliants may injure open fiber, unopen bolls or cause fire hazards at the gin.
Care of Equipment: Before beginning application, it is suggested that spray tanks, pumps, lines,
and nozzles be thoroughly cleaned to remove stick residues left by liquid insecticides. Flush spray
machines with water after each day's operation. .
Issued by
The Agricultural Extension Service
The Texas A. & M. College System and
The United States Department of Agriculture
G. G. Gibson, Director, College Station. Texas
Cooperative Extension Work in Agricultur'e and Home Ecenomics, The Texas A. and M. College System and the United States Department
of Ap;riculturt! 'Cooperating. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914.


English

Cotton Defoliation Guide in Texas.

Texas A&amp;M Repository

L-145(Revised)COTTON DEFOLIATION GUIDE IN TEXASByFRED C. ELLIOTTExtension Cotton Work SpecialistTexas A. & M. College System1953When to Apply: Defoliants, dusts or sprays, should be applied at least 35 days after the periodof maximum flower load. This permits maximum staple length development. Another way totime the application of defoliants would be 30 days after cotton quits making, 'cut out'. or whenthe youngest bolls expected to make cotton are 30 days old. This will be when about 10 per centof the bolls are open. Application should also be made ten days or two weeks prior to intendedpicking date in Central and South Texas, and two to three weeks on the High Plains.1. DUST DEFOLIANTSUse Calcium Cyanamide when plants are wet with dew or adequate dew is forecast. Materialmust remain in moisture on the leaf for at least two hours; four or more hours of moist exposurepreferred.Monosodium Cyanamide does not depend on dew for activation. It becomes liquid on the leafby drawing moisture from the air or from the leaf. Leaves should be turgid or green, not wilted.GUIDE FOR 1953 USE OF DEFOLIANTSChemical name(% active ingredient)Narne of DefoliantDUSTSCalcium cyanamide (57%)AERO Cyanamid, Special GradeMonosodium cyanamide (27%)AERO Sodium Cyanamid, Dust.RatePerAcreLbs.30-4030-40DilutionInformationNoneNone2. SPRAY DEFOLIANTSSpray defoliants may be used in the absence of dews and at low humidities. Thorough coverage isessential.Airplane spraying: Dissolve 1 pound material in 1 gallon of water. Apply at rates given below.Swath widths should be limited to the wing spread of the plane. For uniform applications, a flagman is essential.Ground spraying: Use rates given below. Dissolve in at least 25 gallons of water, dependingon type of sprayer and extent of plant growth. Use fenders on tractor equipment in rank cot-ton.GUIDE FOR 1953 USE OF DEFOLIANTSChemical name(% active ingredient)Narne of DefoliantRatePerAcreDilutionInformationSPRAYS Qts.Endothal (6.3 % )Niagrathal D-F SprayPennsalt Endothal Defoliant S-40694-54-5Use 7 to 10 gal. H20 per acre by air, 25to 40 gal. ,by ground.Lbs.Magnesium chlorate, hexahydrate (58%) Use 7 to 10 gal. by air and 20 to 40 gal.De-Fol-Ate 7-10 H20 per acre by ground.M=-~0-n-o-so-d':"":i-u-rn-c-y-a-na-m---:-id7"e-:(:-::8-=5-%:-:):------------------~Uc=-s-e---:7-to10ga!. by air and-25 -to 40g:al~AERO Cyanamid, Soluble 5-10 H20 per acre by ground.Use 7 to 10 gal. H20 by air, 25 to 40 gal.H20 per acre by ground.7-10Potassium cyanate (92%) Apply in 1 gal. H20 per lb. by air andAERO· Cyanate Weed Killer 5-19 in 2 gal. or more ,per lb. by ground.Sodium chlorate defoliants .Sodium chlorate-pentaborate (40%-52%),Shed-A-LeafSodium chlorate-pentaborate (37%-60%)P. C. B. DefoliantSorliurn chIorate-pentaborate-tetraborate(40%-45%-11%) Ortho C-1 Defoliant 5-10 " ,Sodium chlorate-pentaborate (40%-60%)Tumbleleaf 6-10"Apply in sufficient H20 to wet plants orfollow instructions on labels.6-88-10--------;---.--;-----:-::-:c-:---:---==-=-~-,--=-_.,..--Sodium chlorate-pentaborate (40%-60%)Orchard Brand Chlorate DefQliantSodium ethyl-xanthate (8'5%) -'------------S.E.X.Sodium monochloroacetate (85%)Dow DefoliantPentachlorophenol* Dilute 1 to 5 with No.2 diesel oil beforeGolden Harvest (40%) ~-5 applying at rates shown.Dilute 1 to 10 with diesel oil before ap-Permaguard Defoliant Concentrate* (44%) :i-5 plying at rate shown.Dilute 1 to 10 with diesel oil or H20 be-Permaguard Defoliant WE-40 (42%) * :i-5 fore applying at rate shown.*Pentachlorophenol is primarily a desicant rather than a true defoliant. Because of its severe action on plant tissueit should not be used on immature cotton. Use only when all bolls are fully mature.More efficient defoliation is obtained when the cotton is mature with leaves in a condition of ac-tivity, not wilted, and not toughened by drought or starved by lack of fertility, and where plantmoisture is adequate, weather warm and humid. Make full use of all weather information, suchas dew and humidity forecasts, temperature, wind velocity, rainfall, etc., from radio stations.Cautions: Defoliate only enough acreage to stay ahead of harvesting. A second application maybe necessary in unusually rank cotton, or if plants are immature. This should be after leaves havefallen from the first application, usually 7-10 days. Read carefully and follow the precautionsprinted on the container labels. Do not use any defoliant that is not labeled as to exact chemicalcontent. Unknown defoliants may injure open fiber, unopen bolls or cause fire hazards at the gin.Care of Equipment: Before beginning application, it is suggested that spray tanks, pumps, lines,and nozzles be thoroughly cleaned to remove stick residues left by liquid insecticides. Flush spraymachines with water after each day's operation. .Issued byThe Agricultural Extension ServiceThe Texas A. & M. College System andThe United States Department of AgricultureG. G. Gibson, Director, College Station. TexasCooperative Extension Work in Agricultur'e and Home Ecenomics, The Texas A. and M. College System and the United States Departmentof Ap;riculturt! 'Cooperating. Distributed in furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914.

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Cotton Defoliation Guide in Texas.

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Cotton Defoliation Guide in Texas.

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