This paper was presented at the 2nd Micro and Nano Flows Conference (MNF2009), which was held at Brunel University, West London, UK. The conference was organised by Brunel University and supported by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, IPEM, the Italian Union of Thermofluid dynamics, the Process Intensification Network, HEXAG - the Heat Exchange Action Group and the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications.A series of numerical investigations was conducted to explore the effects of temperature-dependent viscosity and thermal conductivity on two-dimensional low Reynolds number convection of water in microchannels with locally heating. An emphasis was addressed on the fundamental characteristics of flow and thermal re-development at different localized heat fluxes and different inlet temperatures. The velocity
field is highly coupled with temperature distribution and distorted through the variations of viscosity and thermal conductivity. The induced cross-flow velocity has a marked contribution to the convection. The heat transfer enhancement due to viscosity-variation is pronounced, though the axial convection introduced by
thermal-conductivity-variation is insignificant unless for the cases of very low Reynolds numbers. The heat transfer enhancement is described by defining the peak value and location of relative Nusselt number distribution as ΔNu%max and Xmax. Strong nonlinear interaction mechanism prevails in the correlation of ΔNu%max and Xmax due to high heat flux condition and dramatic rise of liquid temperature.This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50636030)
