In recent years, a major shift has taken place in the way out-of-hours service is provided by GPs.
Small-scale groups of GPs with rota-systems have been replaced by large-scale co-operatives. This
article describes the degree to which out-of-hours co-operatives affect the objective and subjective
workload caused by out-of-hours shifts. Results have indicated that GPs working in out-of-hours
co-operatives spend approximately 70% less time on out-of-hours shifts than others. Additionally,
they experience their out-of-hours shifts as less onerous and they are more satisfied about the way
out-of-hours work is organised than other GPs. However, the reduced number of hours spent on
out-of-hours work cannot be the one and only explanation of this greater satisfaction. Participation
in a co-operative explains more of the variance in experienced workload than the number of hours
spent on out-of-hours work. (aut.ref.