Mechanical properties of type 202 stainless steel at cryogenic temperature

Christian, J. L.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

I 
f 
I 
I 
I  
I 
I 
! 
i 
I 
i 
I 
, 
I 
i 
\ 
I 
i 
j 
I t 
i 
i 
- 
i 
i 
N66-22929 
0 - IACCEOSION NUMBER1 (THRUI 
(CODE) 
ICATEGORYI 
GENERAL DYNAMICS 
Convair Division 
- .  
L .  
GPO PRICE $ 
A2136-1 (REV. 5-65) - CFSTI PRICE(S) $ 
- Hard COPY (HC) /!,no 
- Microfiche (MF) im 
ff 653 July 65 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19660013640 2020-03-16T22:49:21+00:00Z
MECHANICAL PSOPZRTIES C)F TYPE 202 
S T A I N L E S S  STEEL AT CRYOGENIC TEVRATLRES 
MRG-298 
March 12, 1962 
Prepared by: J.L. Christian 
GENlXAL DYNAMICS /CONVAIR 
-298 
12 MRrch 1962 
SiTBJECT: Mechanioal Proper t ies  o f  Type 202 S t a i n l e s s  Steel a t  
Cryogenic Temperatures 
ABSTRACT: Type 202 i s  an a n s t e n i t i c  s t a i n l e s s  s t e e l  containing 
chromium, manganese and n i cke l  as t h e  m j o r  a l loy ing  
elements. 
determine t h e  a p p l i c a b i l i t y  of t h i a  alloy f o r  structural 
uses a t  cryogenic temperatures. 
(Kt = 6.3) tensi le  p rope r t i e s  of the parent  metal were 
determined from 78O t o  -423OF. 
i n  two tempera: 
The purpose of t h i s  i nves t iga t ion  was t o  
Tens i le  and notched 
The a l loy  was evaluRted 
35% and 75% cold worked. 
The tes t  data i nd ica t e  that type 202 sta in less  steel 
possesses y i e l d  and t e n s i l e  strength and elongat ion 
comparable t o  type 301 or 302 stainless s t e e l s .  However, 
the notched t e n s i l e  data ind ica ted  increas ing  notch 
s e n s i t i v i t y  with decrease i n  t e s t i n g  temperature, and 
t h e  r e s u l t i n g  notched/unnotched t e n s i l e  r a t i o s  Indica ted  
a lack of toughness f o r  s t r u c t u r a l  app l i ca t ions  a t  -32O0F 
and -,423OP. Baaed upon t h e  data obtained i n  t h i s  inves t i -  
gation, type 202 stainless steel is not  recommended for 
st ructural  uses a t  - S O 0  or -423OF'. The notohed t e n s i l e  
p rope r t i e s  of type 202 s t a i n l e s s  steel are compared with 
tile p rope r t i e s  of types  301, 301-N, 302, 304 F X ,  310 
and W 3 5 5  stainless steels. 
Y cf&-u I C  
Approved by 
A. Hurlich 
Research Group Engineer 
Mater ia l s  Research Crocp 
AH : 3C: j n 
Distr ibut ion:  
W. F. Radcl i f fe  
K, A. D z i c k e  
G, D. Davis 
R. S. Shorey 
A. Hausrath 
L. Mlnson '. E;. :.liken 
D. C O u i M  
595-0 
190-0 
510-1 
597-3 
597-3 
5W-1 
5 34-0 2q-j.j 
C. Pruckner 
H. S t e e l e  
K. Hogelan 
J. Comber 
W. Cross 
V. h Babits 
5w-3 
5O3-1 
593-1 
5w-3 
563-1 
592-0 
200-2 
rnr) 9 
37 1 - 3  
' I  
9 I 
1 
. 
MG-298 
12 March 1962 
Tor Dis tr ibut ion  
FROMa Materiala Research Group, 592-1 
SUBJgcT; 
1 
Meahaniual Proper t ies  of Type 202 Stainlesa S t e e l  a t  
Cryogenio Temperature6 
IKTRODUCT IONS 
The chromium (174%) - manganese (7.5-1Op) - nickel ( 4 4 % )  type 232 
is a new a n s t e n i t i c  s t a i n l e s s  steel which possesses des i r ab le  mech- 
anical and physical propert ies .  The room temperature p rope r t i e s  of 
202 are comparable t o  those o? 302 stainless steel. The purpose of  
t h i s  Inves t iga t ion  was t o  determine t h e  mechanical p rope r t i e s  of 
type 202 s t a i n l e s s  s t e e l  a t  room and cryogenic tsmpratures i n  order 
t o  evaluate  t h e  al loy for e t r u a t u r a l  app l i ca t ions  for cryogenla 
fue led  ~ ~ i S S i h 5  and space vehicles.  
MATEFtIAIS AND PROCEDURE: 
Tvo 0,045" t h i c k  shee ts  of type 202 stainless &eel were suppl ied by 
Allegheny-ludlum S t e e l  Corporation. 
and 73% cold  r o l l e d  tempers. 
producer, o f  the 55$ and 75% cold  r o l l e d  mater ia l ,  with and without 
being streas re l ieved ,  a r e  given in Table I. 
i n  t h i s  i nves t iga t ion  in the  %s-received" condition. 
mens were machined per  p r i n t  BG-D-1, and notched t e n s i l e  s p a h e n s  
were machined per p r i n t  MRG-D.10, notch *Aa. Tenei le  tests were 
performed a t  780F (room temperatme),  -320OF (by Immersion i n  liquid 
ni t rogen)  and -423OF (by immersion i n  liquid hydrogen). S t r a i n  rates 
were 0.001 in/in/min. u n t i l  0.2% o f f s e t  y i e l d  then 0.15 In/dn. until 
c a i i u a .  
continuous s t r e s s - s t r a in  recorders.  
The a l l o y  was suppl ied I n  55% 
The p p p e r t i e s  a5 supplied by t h e  
The material was t e s t e d  
Tens i le  speai- 
s t r a h  ~ ~ ~ i i i - ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~  .I'=:= me.& 5: R C I  nf extensometers and 
RESULTS Ai4D DISCUSSION; 
The results of t e n s i l e  m d  notched t e o t s  on 202 stainless steel  a t  
780, -3200 and -4230F are repor ted  i n  Table 11. 
78O and -3200F v e r i f y  t h e  results obtained by t h e  producer (see 
Tnble I). 
(over a two inch gauge length)  decrease with reduct ion of t e s t i n g  
temperature f r o m  78O t o  -320°F. 
-423OF due t o  in su f f i c i en t  material. 
quite favorably with WP C.R. 301 o r  75% C.R. 310 stainless s t e e l s .  
The notched t e n s i l e  etrengtha,  however, incrcwed only slightly from 
780 t o  -320OF snd decreased sharply from - 3 O o  t o  -4230F f o r  both 
The t e n s i l e  da t a  s t  
The y i e l d  and t e n s i l e  s t ren6k.s  increase and elongst ions 
Tens i l e  t e a t s  were not conducted P.t 
The t e n a i l e  values compare 
t h e  55% and 75% C. R. M t e r i a l e .  
i n  notah s e n s i t i v i t y  a t  cryogenic temperatures, p a r t i c u l a r l y  a t  
-423OF. 
These drita indicate an increase  
The notched/unnotched t e n s i l e  r a t i o  is uaed a s  an index t o  toughness 
or r e s i s t ance  t o  b r i t t l e  f racture .  
r a t i o s  obtained on t h e  55% C. R. 202 stainless steel  inclicate a high 
degree of toughness at 78OP but  i n s u f f i c i e n t  toughness for structural 
app l i ca t ions  a t  -320O and -03OF. 
r a t i o s  reported e t  -423OP were ca lcu la ted  from t h e  smooth t e n s i l e  
s t r eng ths  a t  -320°F, and therefore ,  are expected t o  be conservst ive 
s ince  t h e  tens i le  rtrenclths a t  -423OP should be considerably greeter 
than a t  -320OF. 
meterial ind ica t e  a l ack  of toughness a t  each of the t e s t i n g  tenp-  
eraturea (78O, -320O and -4230F.) 
The notched/unnotched t e n s i l e  
The notched/unnotched t e n s i l e  
The notched/unnotohed t e n s i l e  ratios of t h e  75% C.R. 
It should be noted t h a t  the  p rope r t i e s  repor ted  i n  Tables X end XI 
are f o r  t ho  t,ran.sverse d i r e c t i o n  ( p a r a l l e l  t o  t h e  diroution of roll inc.)  
In general, t h e  notched tensi le  s t r eng ths  and r e s u l t i n g  notched/- 
notched t e n s i l e  s t r eng ths  are lower i n  t h e  t r ansve r se  d i r ec t ion  for 
t h e  cold worked s t a i n l e s a  ateels. 
s e n s i t i v i t y  m d  toughness o f  type 202 with other stainless s t e e l s ,  
Table I f f  was prepared. As m y  be m e n  f r o m  Tables If and 111 t h e  
r e l a t i v e  toughness of 202 118 compared t o  o the r  stainless steele  ( t rans-  
verse d i r e c t i o n )  a t  -230F is q u i t e  poor, as  shown below In order of 
decreasing toughness t 
In  order  t o  compare t h e  notch 
310 E.. S. 
310 S..S. 
304 EIC, S.S. 
310 S. S. 
304 KU S. S. 
3n2 s, s,  
302 s. s. 
301 s. s. 
301 N. S. S. 
301 s e  s o  
*2w s. s. 
*202 s. s. 
301 s. s o  
w 3 5 5  s e  s. 
40% c. R. 
60% c. R. 
50% C. R. 
75% C. R. 
70% C. R. 
bo& C. R. 
40% C. R. 
42% C. R. 
bo% C. R. 
60% C. R. 
55% c. E. 
75% C. R. 
78% C. R. cm 
I n  order  t o  determine the  reason f o r  t he  poor toughness of t h e  202 
material a t  cryogenic temperatures magnetic measurements were wide 
on t h e  fractured t e n s i l e  specimens. A fihgne-gag8, ca l ib ra t ed  t o  
read d i r e c t l y  t h e  per cent mmtens i t e  present  i n  s t a l n l e s f i  s t e e l s ,  
3 
MRG2Ci8 
12  M r c h  1962 
was used for t h e s e  meaeuremnts. Both t h e  55% and 75% C. R. m e t c r j s l s  
were found t o  be completely a n s t e n i t i c  (no mar t ens i t e )  i n  t h e  It8s- 
receivedn condi t ion and also af ter  mom temperature t e n a i l e  t ec t ing .  
I!owever, t h e  t e n s i l e  specimens t e s t e d  n t  -320OF nsd 1% raertensite 
present  f o r  t h e  55% C. R. material and 4.3% martensi te  present  for 
t h e  75% C. R. material. It i s  believed that  t h e  martensite which 
t r a n s f o r m  during t h e  t e n s i l e  t e s t  at cryogenic temperetures i s  q u i t e  
b r i t t l e  due t o  t h e  preaence of a large amount of carbon (up t o  0.155) 
and ni t rogen (up t o  0.25%) present  i n  t h e  202 stainless steel .  
e m b r i t t l i n g  effects of cnrbon end n i t rogen  on t h e  semi-nnstenitic 
stainless s tee ls  have been previously shown (e.&. 301 vn. jul-X, 
304 VS. 304 ELC, etc.). 
b r i t t l e  t r a n s i t i o n  o f  202 stainless i s  caused by t h e  f o m t i o n  of 
b r i t t l e  martensite a t  cryogenic temperatures. 
The 
It i s  t h e r e f o r e  believed t h a t  t h e  ducti le-to- 
Tens i l e  end notched t e n s i l e  tests were pcrfonned on type 202 s t a i d e s  
steel at 78O, -320 and -4230P0 
are comparable t o  tkose of cold worked 301 o r  302 stainless steels. 
iiotched t e n s i l e  da ta  and resulting notched/unnotched t e n s i l e  r a t i o s  
i n d i c a t e  severe embrittlement of t h e  53% and 75% C. H. t ype  202 
stainless steel a t  cryogenic temperatures. This low temperature 
embrittlement i s  beligved t o  be due t o  t h e  f o n a t i o n  of s t r a i n  lncluced 
martensi te  (oontaining large amounts of carbon and ni t rogen)  at 
cryogenic temperatures. 
Tensi le  p r o p e r t i e s  a t  780 and -320OF 
7 
4 
4 
' 0  
4 
'bQ 
0 
w 
Ln 
0 
P 
. 
* c. * 6 * * 0 
h;, w 
4 
c, 
9 
wl 
w 
* & * 
8 * 0 P 
h) 
R 
h, 
v1 
9 
h, 
w 
. 
P w 
P 
4 
P 
' .  
Alloy Temper Heat No. Test Temp. (OF) Notched (Kt =6.3) No tched&r,ns t chod 
Tensile Strength Tensile Litio 
9 -- ---- (kll -----.--r 
301 42% COR. 
301 60% C.F.. 
301 60% C.R. 
301 78% C.L 
301-N 40% C . L  
302 40% C.R. 
304 EL[: 50s C.H. 
0 
302 a$ C.R. 
Ab355 cm 
3.3301? 
38358 
48@81 
4 8112 
157573 
31131 
327250 
8UOh 
33251 
v23215 
78 
-1C9 
-320 
-1523 
78 
-100 
-320 
-123 
74 
-32 0 
-123 
78 
-320 
-423 
78 
-100 
-320 
-423 
78 
-320 
-423 
-423 
-423 
78 
-1OO 
-320 
-423 
78 
-100 
-320 
-423 
207 
2 10 
243 
197 
237 
2fJ  
268 
2 52 
216 
276 
227 
216 ‘ 276 
227 
l.44 
181 
189 
169 
222 
232 
152 
242 
258 
2 08 
24.2 
300 
320 
205 
24.5, 
307 
j j u  
84071, -423 
a074 0.423 
81071 -123 
13631 78 
-100 
-32@ 
-423 
-100 
-320 
4 3  
38174 78 
294 
308 
301 
193 
1. ‘)3 
0.42 
0.82 
0 . ‘E 
1 . 01 
0.01 
0.86 
c.75 
c.w 
0.87 
0.68 
0.97 
0.87 
3.68 
9.46 
0.56 
0.48 
3.42 
0.07 
0.80 
0.49 
0.81 
2.42 
1.99 
1.12 
1.18 
1.C5 
L * . y i  
1.c6 
1.11 
1.11 
1.38 
i .01 
>*?? 
7 n2 -. a# 
236 J.05 
29a 1 . C*? 
328 1-03 
231 3.81 
243 7.77 
172 0.50 
126 9.37 
a 
GENERAL DYNAMICS 
Convair Division 
a 


Mechanical properties of type 202 stainless steel at cryogenic temperatures

Abstract

Similar works

Full text

Available Versions

NASA Technical Reports Server