Molybdenum and rhenium wire tested for use in ultrasonic temperature measurement devic

Carnevale, E. H.

Klaidman, S. L.

Lynnworth, L. C.

English

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ff 653 July 65 
ULTRASONIC TE-MPERATURE hfEASURESG DEVICE 
by 
E, H, Carnevale, L, C. Lpnworth, a d  S. L. Klaidrnan 
p r e p r e d  f o r  
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AXD SPACE ADMXhWTRATION 
CONTRACT NAS3-7981 
L1 
0 w 
5 a
0 
PARAXETRICS, INC. 
N66 34936 
(ACCESSION NUMBER1 (7liRU) 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19660025646 2020-03-16T20:13:02+00:00Z
NASA CR-72037 
Fourth Quarterly Progress Report 
ULTRASONIC TEMPERATURE MEASURING DEVICE 
bY 
E. H. Carnevale, L. C. Lynnworth and s1 L. Klaidman 
prepared for 
NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION 
July, 1966 
CONTRACT NAS 3-7981 
Technical Management 
NASA Lewis Research Center 
Cleveland, Ohio 
Nuclear Sys terns Division 
Miles 0. Dustin 
PARAMETRICS, Inc. 
221 Crescent Street 
Waltham, Mass. 02154 
Ultrasonic Temperature Measurement Device 
by 
E. H. Carnevale, L. C. Lpnworth, S. L. Klaidman 
ABSTRACT 
Molybdenum and rhenium w i r e s  have been cycled and tested 
ultrasonically up to 4000°R. After annealing, the wires exhibited 
sound velocities which were  in reasonable agreement with velocities 
calculated from independent elastic moduli data, 
Ultrasonic instnunentation for automatically measuring tem- 
perature has been constructed. 
have been conducted using a two inch sensor at room and elevated 
tempe r ature s. 
Preliminary bench tests of the unit 
L SUMMARY 
Molybdenum and r h e n i y  wires have been thermally cycled and 
tested ultrasonically up to 4000 R. After cycling, the wires exhibited 
sound velocities which were in reaeonable agreement with velocities 
calculated from independent elastic moduli data. 
Ultrasonic mstramentation for automatically measuring tempera- 
ture has been constructed. Preliminary bench tests of the Unit have been 
conducted using a two inch sensor at room and elevated temperatures. 
It PROGRESS 
A. High Temperature Ultrasonic Tests 
Several molybdenum and rhenium wires of 0,040 in. 
dia. x 2 in, sensor length have been thermall cycled, including two 
hour soaks at 4000°R, at a pressure of -lO’<orr. The oven used was 
an Abar Model C3T2-Lab, 
1-1/4 in, wide x a 0 1 0  ia, thick, as the heater element. Figure 1 
schematically shows the oven hot zone, specimen and thermocouple 
position, eight port and radiation shields, 
were required to bake out the oven, to reduce outgassing sufficiently. 
Saturable reactor temperature control over the range from room tem- 
perature to 5000°R was accomplished by modifying the available 115 
h a  Miller dc power supply, Model 30WC, to operate on only one of 
its three phases. With 220 volts applied to the primary, temperatures 
to 3800°R are obtained, and with 440 volts, temperatures to at least 
5000°R are obtained 
This oven ut i l i zes  a folded tungsten strip, 
Preliminary runs to -2300°R 
The maximum heater element temperature was measured with 
an optical pyrometer. Maximum specimen temperature was measured 
with W-5% Re/W-26% R e  thernnocouples, whose junctions were at the 
same relative position as the ends of the ultrasonic sensors. Discrep- 
ancies between thermocouple and pyrometer readings indicate thermal 
gradients in the hot zone, as much as 180°R in some cases. 
The thin wire  technique (see First Quarterly Progress Report, 
NASA CR-54780, October, 1965) w a s  used for the measurements. 
Extensional wave echoes were obtained from the kink and end of 2 in. 
straight samples (and also a 3 in. coiled Re sample) using 300 kHz 
video pulses, The 0.040 in. dia wire specimens were electrically 
1 
l -  
welded to 10 to 15 f t  lengths of 0.040 in. dia Mo lead-in wire, which in 
turn w a s  welded to a 0.050 in, dia magnetostrictive wire. 
Extensional wave sound velocity was  measured during heating, 
seakhg and CoGbg. 
Figure 2 shows the initial molybdenum heating and cooling run after a 
2 hour soak at 4500 R. As can be seen, the initial heating values are  
on a different curve than the annealed values, This is probably due to 
within + 3% of all measurements. By repeatedly cycling an annealed 
sample(not shown) it was found that each run generates a curve slightly 
different from the previous runs. The spread in measured values is to 
be expected since Mo is, to some extent, anisotropic. 
reorient, the sound velocity along the wire* s axis represents a slightly 
different averaging process of the individual grains, 
that the velocity-temperature curve would stop changing when the grains 
occupy the ful l  diameter, and are about 1 in. long. It appears that re- 
crystallization effects could a l s o  be eliminated by using single crystal 
sensors. 
Typical reeuits are  piotted in Figures 2 ,  3 and 4. 
0 
the eLfec+s of re+avery s.rd r=crj?s+&*;za*:or; p-2 m e d &  -p-hts are 
A s  the grains 
It has been estimated 
The question of how much annealing is required to fully anneal 
the specimen must be answered experimentally. 
Langmuir showed that a drawn tungsten wire undergoes a 15 to 20% 
decrease in cold resistance when first heated to  2700°R fo r  1 minute, 
and a further decrease of 2 to 4% upon aging for 24 hours at 4300OR. 
Much later, Langmuir and Taylor"' pointed out that Kannuluik"** mea- 
sured resistivities which were high by 13% due to annealing tungsten 
only at 2800°R. 
Fifty years ago, * 
With respect to sound velocity measurement, it appears that 
annealing should be done at a temperature above the sensor's maximum 
use temperature, or 5000 R in the present work 0 
*L Langmuir, Phys. Rev. - 7 302 (1916), see p. 313, 
**Langmuir and Taylor, Phys, Rev. - 50 68 (1936). 
***W. G. Kannduik, Proc. Roy. SOC. (London) - A131 320 (1931); - A141 
159 (1933). 
2 
Using published data* for  Young* s modulus E, sound velocity 
v was calculated from v = d m .  Figure 3 compares these calculated 
values with our d u e s  measured in MO after several annealing cycles. 
The graph shows that from room temperature to -350O0R our results 
agree with the generally accepted Armstrong and Brown data t0 5 1%. 
Above that temperature the calculated Arhsbong and Brown values are 
lowe; than our measured ones, for  example, about 4,7% low in Mo at 
4000 R. Future runs will  determine the degree of reproducibility ob- 
binable in these plycrystallhe wiree after prolonged soaking and 
repeated cycling. Discrepancies are apparently attributable to a 
thermal gradient in the hot =ne, such that the average sensor tem- 
perature is less than the thermocouple temperature. The effects of 
thermal gradients may be eliminated by testing various length samples 
and extrapolating the results to the condition of 1 = 0, or a point of the 
material. U s e  of small coiled sensors m a y  also obviate this thermal 
gradient problem. 
Thermal gradients, however, pose no serious problem with 
Different samples of the same respect to the radiation experiment. 
materiale, when installed in the same oven location, yield reproducible 
sound velocity vs. temperature curves. 
and after radiation will determine the extent of radiation effects on 
sound velocity. 
Thus, ultrasonic tests before 
Final calibration up to 5000°R will utilize a uniform hot zone, 
such that there is no thermal gradient over the sensor length, 
present tests were purposely restricted to 4000 R to prolong heater 
life, and to avoid interruption of runs where as many as five sensors 
were heated simultaneously. 
The 
0 
Rhenium 
The results in Re (Figure 4) show that Re is much more isotropic 
with respect to extensional wave sound velocity than M o  since successive 
cycles repeat previous cycles to -0, 3%. 
cellent agreement with the previously published data of Sims and Jaffe"" 
The present work is in ex- 
*Po E, Armstrong and H. L. Brown, Trans. Met. SOC. AIME 230, 
960-966 (Aug, 1964); B. A. Kalugin and L G, Mikhailov, Ahsticheskii 
Zhurnal - 12 (1) 114-116 (1966). ** 
C, T. Sims and R L Jaffe, "Further Studies of the Properties of 
Rhenium Metal," AlME Trans.# =(8),  p p  913-917 (1956); C. T. Sims, 
"Properties of Rhenium," pp. 23-35 (see p. 26, Fig. 3) in B, W. Gonser 
(Ed. ), R h e n i q  Elsevier Publishing Coo, Amsterdam-New 
3 
A 
up to 2100°R, the highest temperature at which published Re modulus 
data are availahle. 
In the future, rhenium will be tested in intimate contact with 
graphite, at successively elevated temperatures up to 5000 R, to 
determine whether graphite significantly changes the sound velocity 
in rhenium. 
0 
B. Radiation Test 
Radiation effects will be determined by testing the same 
wire material before and after irradiation. Wires of Mo, Re, W, Cbd 
Ta and W-Re alloys w i l l  tie shipped to B & W in the first half of July. 
These wires w i l l  be irradiated starting in the second half of the month, 
The wires will subsequently be tested at room and elevated tempera- 
tures, in a vacuum environment, and then in a graphite environment. 
4 
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Figure 1. Hot zone details of Abar oven. 
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Ultrasonic temperature measuring device Fourth quarterly progress report

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