Measured high energy electron flux in lunar environment by gas-discharge counter on lunar prob

Grigorov, N. L.

Lutsenko, V. I.

Maduyev, V. L.

Pisarenko, N. F.

Sauenko, I. A.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

. *  &JL- 7 
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N a t i o n a l  A e r o n a u t i c 3  and- Space A d m i n i s t r a t i o n  
Goddard Space F l i g h t  C e n t e r  
C o n t r a c t  No .NAS-5-12487  
ST-PF-IPS-10683 
REGISTRATION O F  ELECTRONS WITH ENERGIES >30 KEV 
I N  THE NEAR-LUNAR SPACE 
N .  L. G r i g o r o v  
V. I .  Lutsenko 
V. L. Maduyev 
N. F. Pisarenko 
I.  A. Savenko 
(USSR)  
GPO PRICE $ 
CFSTl PRICE(S) $ 
4 MARCH 1 9 6 8  
Hard copy (HC) ,$. . -  
Microfiche (M F) /&- 
ff 653 July 65 
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19680008579 2020-03-12T09:45:17+00:00Z
. 
. i  
hy N. I,. Grigorov 
v. I .  1,utscnko 
V.  L .  Madiiysv 
N.  F. Pisarcnko 
I .  A. Savenko 
Elect roil 
t hc  U S  "1,IJNA 
gas -3 ischa rge 
'I'he rcsii 
f luxes w i t h  energies higher  than 30 kev were reg i s t e red  on 
11". I k s c r i p t i o n  is givcn of t h e  apparatus  cons is t ing  of 
counters  wi th  magnetic f i l t e r s  and of a s c i n t i l l a t i o n  counter .  
ts of mcasurements o€ c l c c t r o n  f luxes on 1 and 8 November 196b 
;I rc J i scussccl . 
s h o r t -  1 ivctl incrcascs  of e l ec t ron  i n t e n s i t y  werc revealed.  
Thesc me;isiircments correspond t o  the  pcr iod d r ing  which 
* 
* * 
'llie study of pcnc t r a t  i rig r ad ia t ion  i n  the  ou te r  space conducted during 
the  l a t e s t  ycnrs with the  aiel of spncecraf t s  have ed t o  the  de t ec t ion  beyond 
the> I lar th 's  inagnetosphcre of e lec t rons  with energ ies  above 40 kev, whose o r i  - 
gill is s o l a r  11, 2 1 .  
Inasiiiuch ;IS tlic qucst ion of t he  mech~inism of t h e i r  emergence, of t h e i r  
i i i tcnsi  t y  and anisotropy i n  outer  space is  l i t t l e  s tud ied ,  we undertook t h e  
at tcmpt  t o  fu r the r  i nvcs t iga t ing  the  c l cc t rons  of  ou te r  space. 
With t h i s  i n  view a11 apparatus was i n s t a l l e d  aboard AMs "LUNA-ll", 
c o n s i s t i n g  of gas-disliarge and s c i n t i l l a t i o n  counters  (Fig.1) .  The former 
hat1 a mica window of 5 mm i n  diametcr and a th ickness  of 1 mg'cm-' (SBT-9). 
.A layer of gold 0.3 mg cm-' thick was sprayed over t h a t  window. The SRT-9 
cuuiters wcrc sh ic ldcd  hy a brass scrccn  % 2 g cm-* th i ck .  
with 00' :iiigt~> o f  tlic co~ic was ins t a l l cd  ahcnd of the  mica window. Outside 
tlic conical c o l l  iinator ferrite p la t c s  of t h e  rnagpctic f i l t e r  werc mounted 
\vlict-ciipoii thcsc  p1;rtc-s \ ~ c i v  iiugiict i x r l  only near  t hc  countcr  N o .  2 .  The 
inagiic>t ic  f i c l c i  \vas o f  siicli intcnsi  t y  t h a t  tlw c l cc t rons  w i t h  cricrgics of  t hc  
<> &. 1. 0 1- l!N) hvv : -qis t t \ ! .  w i t ? )  fe l - f i ( - icw-y 01' lcss t h i n  onc pcrccnt (1;) . 
I b i .  c l ~ ~ c t r o i l s  w i t h  ;I pulse  3 1 .5  Flcv/s;cc the cffcctivcnc>ss of r cg i s t r a t io i i  
\\';Is 1l~~;Irl y 1 oo':, . 
(*) 
VYs1u: 30 KfW 
A col l imator  
_I- -- - - - -- -- 
l ~ l ~ ~ ~ I S I ~ I ~ I S l  Y A  V OKOLO1,UNNOM l'lX~S~lWS'l'Vl~ I I , l l K ' I ~ I ~ O N O V  S I iN13;IYLY 
(Iountcr- So.! \iith the magnetized f e r r i t e  r e g i s t e r e d  through the  mica 
~ ~ i i i d m ~  a11 charged p a r t i c l e s  with a pulse  p a 1.5 Mcv/sec and a pa th  
It 1 . 5  i i i g . ~ i n - ~  A I ,  i . e .  e lec t rons  w i t h  cncrgy &>-1 Mev and protons w i t h  
cncr-gy > 0.5 Mcv. 
troris is dctctmincd h y  the  niagnctic f i e l d ,  and t h a t  of  protons by thc  thickness  
of' rnic;i w i i i h w  ( t h c  magnetic f i c l d  of  the f i l t e r  does not  p r a c t i c a l l y  afl 'cct  
tlic tlic pass:igc of  protons,  s ince  protons with mer\? 
i . e .  w i t h  ciicrgy I:c > 5 0  kcv and protons \ v i  t h  energy 
~ ; i y  tlic d i  ffcrcncc in  t h e  i n t c n s i t i c s  .-~casurcd by countcrs  No. and No? is con- 
d i t i oned  by e lec t rons  with energy from 30 kev t o  1 Mcv. 
I'iclcl of v i s ion  of countcrs  S13T-9, they were capable of r e g i s t e r i n g  the  Sun's 
X -  ra). r ad ia t ion .  
A t  t h e  sane time, thc  spectrum "cutoff" of  r cg i s t c rcd  elec- 
= 0.5  Mev have :L 
> 0. 5 Mcv. I n  t h i s  
As t hc  Sun h i t  t he  
piilsc 'L 30 i\lcv/scc. Counter No.1 r eg i s t e red  e l ec t rons  % i t h  path R 2  1 . 5  mg. cni-- 
'I'he geometrical  f a c t o r  o f  counters 1, 2 and 3 f o r  p a r t i c l c s  r eg i s t e red  
through tlic iiiica window, cons t i t u t ed  0.15 cm' s t e r a d .  
o r  pene t r a t ing  p a r t i c l c s  t h e  geometrical f a c t o r  was 2.6 cm2. 
For the  i s o t r o p i c  f lux  
A type-STS-5 gas-discharge 
counter  sh ie lded  by 3 g.crn-' A 1  
was also p a r t  of t h e  apparatus.  
The sc i n t  i 1 l a  t i on counter  
4 
V * '  n,r. 2 N. .; with a Cs I (T1)  c r y s t a l  1 mm 
SIYT - 9 sci1; t i l l .  SET- I) t l i i c h  and 1 2  mm i n  diamctcr had 
a conica l  col l iniator  with a bOo 
angle ,  10 mm height  and 10 inm 
i n  the p a r t  adjacent  t o  the  
ed above by aluminum f o i l  of  
2 . 7  mg . cm- thickness .  
cowitcr  
Scnsors : 1: i g - 1  . 
11 inaglict; 7 )  llrass sc recn ;  3 )  SBT-S) countcr ;  c y s t t l l .  l'hc l a t t e r  was cover- 
4) (:SI ('1'1 1 c rys t ; i l ;  5) FEU; h) brass  screen 
[ntcgr-:tl d i scr imina tors  were i n s t a l l e d  a t  FIi lJ  ou tput ;  they t ransmi t ted  
t o  t h e  counting circt i i  t s  t h c  pulses which correspondcd t o  l i b e r a t i o n  i n  the  
clystiil of cncrgic>s I : ,  >, 30 hev, I &  >, 300 kev and E, > 1 . 5  MeV. 
8 
Ihiririq thc cwt i rc’ inc;isiir*cnicnt pcriod ( t o  1 Octohcr I!)(>(>) ,V1S I,lJX#\ - 1 1  
~i) i t i t icJ  aroiiiid i t s  w t i  ; a i s  w i t h  period of  :illout 122  s c ~ ,  wliercupon thc c l i -  
t u - t  ion of the a x i s  of ro t a t ion  was c l o s e  t o  tha t  of counter No.3. ‘rhc ;iws 
0 1 -  c.o[intcrs 1 :tiid 2 and t h a t  of- thc s c i n t i  I l a t i o n  coiintcr werc pc~rpendicular 
t o  tlic a x i s  of  ro t a t  ion which pcrtnittcd the  rncasiircmcnt of tlic ctngular d i s t  r i  - 
I)iit ioii ot‘ m i s s i o n  f luxc-s .  I:roni the [inlilysis of clata on corpuscular  raclicit ion, 
S- I Y I ~ ~  cmissioti atid according t o  the3 rcacliiigs of t he  l i g h t  sensor  i n s t n l l c d  on 
lmi rd ,  i t  (01 lows t h a t  thc angle  Iwtwccn the  a x i s  of ro t a t ion  :ind the  d i r e c t  ion 
: i t  t tic\ Sill1 \J;is l1L’;l:- ! ) O O  . 
I I I  tlic pcriotl froin the  licgiruiing o f  mcastiremctits t o  the the  time 1’1 - 2 1  ti 
0 2  i i i i i i .  2 2  .‘;CY-. the  s c i n t i l l a t i o n  coriliter and counters 1, 7 and .j re(J iqtcred 
sol’t r:idi:it ion (protons w i t h  kP k: 1 - 7 Mev) , excccdiiig by s cvc ra l  times the  
lxichgi-oiuicl 01‘ g a l a c t i c  comic  rays.  
01‘ c.otiiiters 1 ~ i n d  2 ,  rc.c-iirring with period of 127  scc.,  were iiiduccd blr the 
r c y i s t r a t  ion o f  sol i i r  X-ray crnission. 
t i  1 I;tt inti c.otititvr coiilcl not r c g i s t c r  t h i s  r x l i a t  ion. 
? -  
‘l’he sharp increases  in  the  couiiting r a t e  
I3ccausc of i t s  high t i ireshold,  thc scin- 
1 .  
I 
4 
Fig.2.  Pickup r c d i n g s  during the  sess ions  
of 1 Scptcmber 1900 
IJc coiiipilecl i n  l'aI>1e 1 the  mean counting r a t c s  of thc  various pickups 
to the t i i i i c  T1 and i n  the  per iod  from T1 t o  T, = 2 1  h.  03 m i r i .  23 sec. 
I:or 'I' > T 2  the re  is ol>served a decreasc i n  i n t e n s i t y  l inked with the  f a c t  
t h a t  tlic Moon p i r - t i a l l ) ~  overlaps t h e  f i e l d  of v i s i o n  of the  scnsors .  
I'lic i i i t c \ i i s i  ty ol' c l c c t  roiis wit11 ctic\r.gy 1;'. 2 .TO hc.v ( h y  coioiting r;rtc> 
cli t't-c.rc.iicc 01-  e-ouiitcrs 1 ; m c l  21 co i i s t i tu tcs  N 7 170(1 L - I I I - ~  s c c - l  stcrac1-l. 
A t  the s;iiiic t i i n c ,  the  i t i tci isi ty dctc~riiiincd hy the counting rate of the  1st 
xd 2x! t!~~s!io!d.: e!' thc  sc i r i t  i l l a t  ion countcrs, const i  t u t e s  more o r  less 
:io0 ~ 1 1 1 ~ : ' .  ~ e c - ~  sterad-' . 
; i t  tlic cspcnsc o f  diffc\rence i n  cncrgy thresholds ,  it will be neccssary t o  
i iscr i lw tlic coinp;iraively s o f t  spectrum t o  rcgisterecl c l cc t rons .  
a t  t r m s i t i o i i  1'rom .YO kev energy t o  60 kcv, t h c  i n t e n s i t y  dccreases by al>out 
0 t irncs. 
I f  this discrcp;incy i n  i n t c n s i t i c s  is r e fe r r ed  
Indeed, 
1 1' wc dcscriI)cd thc  in t eg ra l  spectrum of e l ec t rons  by cxpenent ia l  
5 
fttiiition (71' thc t!-pc N ( L )  'L l:-y, 
- - .>.  'Io thc 1:ittcr v:t lue 01' tlic i i iv:ir iahli ty of  the coiiriting r a t c  of  the  
21iJ sci t i t  i 1 lLit ioii coun tc r ' s  t l i i d io l c l  is not cont rad ic tory .  
\ m i l d  Iw i n  thc cncrgy in t e rva l  3(1 t o  00 hcv , -  
'I'he fol1 ow itig mc;isureiticnt scss ion, 01- 
some l i .5  minute d l i ra t ion ,  I)egan a t  2 1  11. 
16 ni in .  10 sec. 'I'lic ;ivcragcd sensorts 
counting r a t c s ,  Iwtwccn thc moments of 
time T, =- 21 h. 10 min. 51 scc. and T, = 
= 2 1  h 1 7  min 3 sec,  and a l s o  between 
1, = 2 1  h .  18 min. 45 scc .  and T6 = 31 11. 
19 min. 4 b  sec, a r c  coinpiled i n  'Table 1. 
'Ihc i n  t ens  i t y  o f  c lcc t rons tl rapped near ly  
t o  the  in i t ia l  l e v e l ,  t o  lw iiiorc p rec i se ,  
i t  decreased 5 t o  7 t irrics i n  the  coursc 
01' 16 i n  in.  ' h i s  , thc\  diirat  ion of the  
t t lwrs t t t  o f  clcctr-otis W:IS of thc order of 
1 0  m i  t i .  
'Ihc. sharp iiicrc>ascs of  the  c-ourit ing 
r a t c  o f  counters 1 and 2 ,  synchronous 1y 
rcciirring with thc rot:it ion 01' the s a t c l -  
1 i t c ,  wc're ziused as during the previous 
scssioi i ,  by tlic 1-cgis t ra t ion  ot' s o l a r  X- 
ray r ad ia t ion .  
A dccrcasc i n  t h c  counting ratc  by 
thc  th rec  t t ircsholds of  the  s c i n t i l l a t i o n  
counter and by counter  No.1 in the  in t e rva l  
I t  shoi~lt l  he noted t h a t  t h i s  phenomenon was observed in  the  per iod \ h e n  
I,II&I- 1 1  was on the  shadow s i d e  of the  Moon, outs ide  t h e  d i r e c t  i r i s i b i l i t y  of 
the Srui; this is why tlic p o s s i b i l i t y  of r eg i s t e r ing  tlie electromagnet ic  riidia- 
t ioii 1'rorti tlic Sun was excluded. 
two ;iiid ; I  ha l l '  Iioiirs l ; t tc l r ,  during which the  s a t e l l i t e  was a l s o  i n  Moon's slia- 
 low. 
sc-itit i I l a t  ioii counter by tlic 1st and 2nd thresholds  and the  rate of counters  1 
;itid 2 var ied pc r iod ica l ly  and i n  pliasc, whereupon the  v a r i a t i o n  pcr iod co inc i -  
~ l c d  w i  tli tlic ro t a t ion  period of LIJNA-11 about i t s  a x i s .  'The i n t e n s i t y  modula- 
t iot i  w;is cotidi t ioncd by p a r t i a l  ovcr1;ippitig by tlic blooti of coiiriters' sol  id anglc.  
I ' l i c x  r:itcs 01' ttic sensors in the  iiix..itiiiuii 
;tiid r i i i i i i i i i iui i  oI' itic;isurcd ititcns i t i es  arc 'I' A 13 I, I ,  2 
wt i ip  i I c d  i ti '1';tl) I C  2 .  
A 20-minute mcasurctnent sess ion tooh place 
Ikir i tig the  crit ire 20-minute me;isurcment cycle  the  counting r a t e  of thc  
I t 1'01 1 ows 1'rotti '1'aI)le 7 t h a t  in tlic 
t~i;txit!iiuti of i q i s t e r c d  in t ens i ty  the f l u x  
01' vlcc-trotis with I:.c > .TO hev m s  of the  
order o r  800 ctii-2 scc-l s t e r a d - ' ,  wliile 
t h a t  w i t l i  cncrg ics  h0 A c v  < lie 6 300 kcv 
wis o f  tlic order  of 300 c ~ i i - ~ s e c - ~  s tcr- '  
i .  c. the  spcctrum O C  e l ec t rons  was cha- 
r~ac tc r i zed  1y ; in exponent Y 1 . 4 .  
111 t h i s  per iod ,  j u s t  as i n  thc pre-  
i c d  ing iiic:iwrcwcrit sess iotis, there  were 
iri t l i c l  oiitc\r ..;p:icc prototi f luxes wi t l i  
Counter No. 1 
Counter No. 2 
S c i n t i l l .  t i o n  
counter :  
1st threshold 
2nd threshold 
180 
60 
5 80 
140 
35 
32  
90 
90 
I I 
1 1 1  c i t l i c r  a s e  tlic r i s c  i n  intc.nsity of- c lectroi is  took place i n  a time 
l o  see. 
7 
2 )  ' 1 ' 1 1 ~  f l uxcs  of  clcctroris ex is t  a long time. IIO\JCVCT, tlic rapid ;iccre- 
tioii ,itid drop o f  tlic Tlux a r c  conditioncd by tlic fac t  t l iat  tlic f l i ~ y  is spati;il- 
1). Ic~c*;itt\d c.i t hc r  in  the  magnctic tube ,  o r  iri  thc  rc>gioii o f  inqnet  i x d  plasnia, 
shift iiig w i  tli t hc  ve loc i ty  oP the so l a r  wind, wliich c'a~iscs r;ipid and s i i n u l t a -  
i i c ~ ~ i s  val-iat ions of  the\ counting r a t c  Cor c l cc t rons  with ctic~rgy I:, >/ 30 k c v  
m t l  'Ihc est incite of t he  J i i i i c~ i i s  ions of tlic 10c;il i za t ion  region 
01' clcctroi is  iii tile t i i rcc t  ion of motion givcls a magnitude of 104 - Io5 Ian. 
> 00 hcv.  
1 1 1  orc1c.r t o  a s c e r t a i n  the nature  of  e l ec t rons  r eg i s t c rcd  i n  the  near - lunar  
slxicc, siniii1t:incous mcasurerncrits of r ad ia t ion  i n  thc  v i c i n i t y  of the  Moon and 
I-ar I ' i w n  tlic system Ihrtli - bloon a rc  q u i t e  promising. 
I n  conclusion thc authors  express their '  g r a t i t ude  t o  1. N .  Mrtrkeleva and 
I ) .  I ) .  Siiklio?. Tor the preparatioii  and c a l i b r a t i o n  of magnetic f i l tcxrs ,  t o  L .  F .  
V:isc.iiho :uid I,. I,. L i  fsliits f o r  t h e i r  help i n  processing the  i n f o m a t i o n .  
Manuscript received 011 25 Play 1'367. 
1113:l ilil ,NC:IiS 
\ I ] .  # I .  A .  \'!IN i l l , l , l ~ N ,  S. hl. KlilblJ(;lS. -1. (kophys. lics. 70, N O . ~ . ? ,  5737, 1965. 
~- 
1 2 1 .  li. !\. :WIKI<SON, it. 1'. L I N .  l 'liys. Rev. Lett., 10, No.24, 1121, l 9 b b .  
1.71 . N. 1,. ~ X l ( ; O l i O V ,  V .  N .  I,U?'SENKO, V.  I,. blAl)WlW, N .  I:. P I S M X K O ,  I .  A .  
S.1VI:NhO. liosni. I s s l .  current  i s sue ,  p.946, 1967. 
' I ' ranslation and e d i t i n g  completed 
by Andre I,. 13ricIiant, a t  homc 
on 3 blarcli l !)bH 


Registration of Electrons with Energies Greater than 30 Kev in the Near-lunar Space

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