Electron density and electron, ion, and neutral temperature profiles at magnetic equato

Farloy, D. T., Jr.

Mc Clure, J. P.

Sterling, D. L.

Van Zandt, T. E.

English

NASA Technical Reports Server

lIectron, Ion and Neutral Temriratuzes at tho XIsnitic Eqlator 
MClV.-re D. T. Farleyo Jr.D, L. Sterling 
and T. E, Van--1ndt, 
Jieararca Radar cocelratory*
A-partzh 5 Lirz3, Peru 
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N-H--*7S 
(ACCESSIONNUBER) (OE 
MGASOR TMVXOR-ANUMESMAI 
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19680018210 2020-03-12T10:42:25+00:00Z
I n  t h i s  gn*,@r i:s ~:.,.iilC:sct;ss t he  ther-  I 
m l  s t r u c tw e  of KQSeq~^~:o i^ i~ lionon?here. IZleckon dcasYcy and ci$c'cron c-d ion te5- 1pe-s'cure prol'iieil i;leos~xed z s  eqizinned by IBa~ l o y  e t  el1 3e5zieen J u e  1965 end Movember 
1$5 ettthe J i c a c ? c a  Xsdsr  O b s c i ~ ~ L o r ~(dip I 
PIT) 1 r i L l  ba Sriscvsoed. The height ranze i I 
considere2 w i l l  bz 203--%XJ !<a, b%Yn m j o r  I 
emphasis on Cne S3-500 km rsnge. i 
i 
I n  tho zbove time end heigkt i a t e ~ r e l ,  
the  night t ie$ e l e c kon  tem~ei.atu--e (T,) end 
i an  t e q e n t v z s  (Ti) i ~ r snlkxys eqcal  and 
coastaat, t.3 i3.Yniz tine e>~rserirncnnslerrors .  
It can be co;lcicdzS 3 tkercZore; t h2 t  &re 
t , , s  20 ~ e s s u r c b l e  ia?ut of r;:?erani energy aat 
night up GO zLu i;esst eC3 km, L i m i t s  of 50 t 
T jO  cna be p$; On '02th To-Ti end the  d e l ~ r -  
t s u r - ?  o? Te o r  Ti fZoa conotancy a", night. 
Tna caximun value ol Q 6s-p;lds on olsctron 
density N, a s  foiivsz: e 
Nighttima electron cZ.innFties.w.ried oror a 
r,lfie racge, z2& V"I'Gs necessolry t o  consi&r 
each c ~ q l c  5e~.?-~etol;;. .V5 ~ C Okin t1.o den-&-s i t ~  
-
he 3.04' 63 1-3 3: 3.0 eiec-i z s  ~0~k i [ t l s ; 7 .  
t r o s s / c d .  T I W ~t h ~  s:pztsrifi1nig;lttime, 
u.a-xr-  li[cit of C?, T*72~om  t o  two orders op 
mgnituue be i c>~  t>e v ~ l c z s  of 20-40 s ~ / c d / s o  
a t  hL,c33 kz! a t  night  giv3n bjr. aiace,  Sgzncer f
an6 E~Lg z x z o~  an6 ~oce;l",kil.3f o r  
t c a p z s t a  1nti';wSss. 
0 
and 
i n  t k e  c??iytI='-n about 2 hour3, e:rcep"u f o ~  
follm;ing swlric*, Y2.3 Te enl? Ti proZilzs Pad 
t he  genera1 &fine sho:is i n  F i g ~ c  1. The ion1 
tcmpz1'8tui-e increo~z(i .zbout 1CS'  betreon 200 
and 312.3::ar t h s M  rertr.i:led nearly consAant 
f ro= about 3C3 t o  450-553 ku. me electron 
te:q.sex$~ro TO= 2~ r- m:in.rlm X Q ~ U ~ ?of lm-
2WOO a"~$.0-%53 ka, -L>ea rcpidld dd~r sased )  
bi?cczi:lg a ~ ~ ; ~ o : . y  a t  about e q w l  t o  Ti IgCG-3:O Pa end ~ 3 0 ~ 2 .yx?nc5-tt ragion, %yllers1 
ye Z P .  yi %,,u ncr?:i'lj'. eqszl an3 consknt ,  -->-.- %as 
105-203 :a LFL~C, C E ~ ~ Z I V GCE cbo& > 4 0 3  bm. 
3 s  elec.krox Bn,r,si%y c.z;imcn ?;as uswiLly i n  i 

1o:mr 'kc? oP.-Lhz fso.kkl~rml ragion. Fig+ 

2 shoiro Ynz ayuctoriai icotlneroal region 1
i
sckcmlically. !Cao?z the isoYnerma1 region I 

$7 "%ill=en-riy eqwl, but inereas/- L~ and ~iw're 

ocr rapiQLy ;ii.th h~ i~ ;Wt .  1 

Figure 3 shffds Kqr diurml  variation of 1 
t e q z r a t w s  in  ths i~0tbWW.l region a t  400 kuj 
for  six 2 t o  -6 day iji'dcris. Also, Yne varia- I
t ion of T Eli 2CC-eK3 ' r r ~i s  showi for  txo of 8
tho per?ws. ' l ~ e  S C ' G ~ ? .  5atz points are 
E X C ~ P ~  10-i6 I i o ~ c b e r  ~$6 .  1i n  the l a s t  y r i c d ,  

Iic~s,beceuse o-Z the lerge nmber of oSoerva- 1 I 

tions, OEPJtS.3 1imi";s 0:; t2e scai;.?.cr of. the 
 I I 
data arc s2c:rne Pigsre 1% ~hCi:is th@ v a ~ i a t i o n  

of ion 'cec~~a.L~_ne t7:1cn T e / ~ i  i'isa t  smrise, I
I 

greater t k n  0n5~e t  211 b i g h t s  t o  at l e ~ n l  

W0 k ~ .  I
I 
' 
I 
?hov.gk therc ere dilZere2cos i n  the diur-! 

m 1  eeiplt%ude of the cwves i a  FBgu;+e 3> their; I. 

increaseti yeq- repidly. Alter s w i
C82 l o  16~.the tcrpc:ctws i n  the 
s e ,  from i I 

isotherm1 / 1

shape i s  vzry sici lar .  Swing sunrise, T i  : 

rsglon e t  103 kn i a c ~ s s e da t  e slarsr, nearlx 

constmt ra te  of about 1.6O/1now. AS.ter reach; I 

ing a l a te  s?'tc?nocn nzc ! .~m,  it decreased I 

arpund %he ti5 
of sussst. -4.1: night, Pro3 21h util s-ise, 
Yp.9 ' i c n ~ r a l u - e  ficcrsnsee a t  e alcn-r, nearly 
ccjn_s%i?t; ynt,$ of ebwl  l ~ / ; h o w .  El%=--;ls 
rapidly (ss Pas'?. as l ~ ~ / h o ~ . . f  

and 

ji~',:eztb13 s'~?mia C~L-1cur-+* of ~ia t  300 

Em which val-izs i n  nearly the saw I 

me observe3 To sad Ti variatioas agree 

i n  scsilVzc6a bcl  not @ . T =ria-

%ions iec;cB fro= p,a-6zLl-i_"c 6rra. niioTnXV"-r, 

19 tba inco:=ran-t sczl-ler w?ia",on were 3 

how t i c s  smocrk:?.~d, tXs rasclt5.ng shape muLd  

' ts i n  bet-lcz agx-zez~rbz i t h  se*u%lli'cc d r a g  

dab.:. T n a  O > G @ T M ~  miniowi and ~ : i tea- ~
m 
p ~ r z t ~ s s  aaCI rjr;?Ee% R F ~jwk 3afora s~~w.-ise 
C O P ~~.::3'n'k L?+G?I hzztizz 5y XUV idin inti on on-
ly?. .Ticocoatmo-l, satelll'ca Pmg. ~2asurement 
pqj-y ,s. c ~ ~ ~ ~ i a * a  i_li\-tg~-.~1;;3~atw~ vhich re- 
p'-==~~ . a ~ mcyt:~: p 2 9 r  zowce i n  eZdition t o  the 
32V aowc- t o  .3i_"Lpg the. pi%diqt~d and 
83 mriotioas f&o pksse4. 
1 
i I 
Th? Ti - varin-tiori a t  20-250 km a s  shokmj 1 
i n  ? i s w e  7 nrc 1~~7. 1simiirr t o  the Te and Ti! 
vzriatbons 6%4.X) krz- NigWZine tespera-tures Ii Ii 
a t  200-250 km and 400 km a re  equal. Daytime j i1 ;t e u g e ~ ~ t u i - e c  !a t  Yce LoT?r heights a r e  about 
lowe: the? those 8%k00 kn. Ynis i s  ! I 
coasist*nt with reseoneble 'i;l -mriations.  j
i 
!1 
I 
TLie velues of Te and Ti presented here j 
a re  upssr l i n i t s  f o r  i;'~v2xue of Tn. A t  
ni&Z % is arobably \Ti7 E+*TIJ eq"1 LO Te 1. 
and Ti dc.2 t o  %he lvs . i o l ~ e  of nighttime hea t !  
i n y t  d i s c u s ~ e d  abo-?e. Eowcvar, i n  t he  day- / 
tirce, Te end Ti m y  be nubs';antially above ~~i 
Tha co~rsc-tion-fzc tor  6 e p e ~ d s  03 the  value as- , 
smed fo r  t h s  fiaykice heat input. A n  examinaf 
t i o a  of tine dots  i n  F igwzs  1acd 3 re-male ! 
2 %if tine nigh'ctime cor~?ct.ion f ac to r  i 
Te-Tn i s  swill, then a:!dc3-tim c o ~ r e c t i o n  ! 
f2ctc;r cmnno3 be l a rge r  than about 50-150' i (except f o r  t he  &ce.zber 1955 d a b )  wif5nou-b 
reducing the  di-&inel aq l i tu t3e  of Tn exces-
sit-ly. 
mi? mzeau~sv?ntsof NR,Tm 2 ~ 3T4 give i , 
infso'-&.tion 03 YDL h e ~ ts o u c e o  Figd* 5 
& cox~uted  f rou  the  dots  of F igae  1. Tho 
Ne2 8i1d (Te-~i)/?e7/2 t e r m  a r c  s h ~ msep- ! O  
cra te lyy .  Ye-Ti i n  not a trdi determined 
gu.sn-tity &ovz mbatit 7% !;me Xovcver, Qe can,I i 
be e:;-:ropolz';e6 ~1y;ards Pi-om jYnz re&ion 7ffi.rliem 
it in 1x11dcte111.fmC. 
-,
Vsing a 55 sca le  : ! 
h e i ~ x ,Ge i s  3% e~/cx?/aec a t  kC9 kn, For- Imula 1vncn p~*&.:ci;s a T,-T~ of 600. nis i o  
a o t  inconsis-Le~e %*th th9  c e ~ s ~ - e m n t s  of Te 
!and Ti; Ts9 t h 3  rx?e accurately  dete:%in=d , 
q m ~ . t i b ~  jms 9 C o  2 5CO a t  t h i s  height (see 
Figure 1j, bck '~'"I,T~ hi- ,could been a s  gra!tl 
a s  1.1. Ti-Tn con be co33~2-kkC fzom 1 1 .  
-- Cq,9 10-14 o - ) . 
oincz* a t o d c  ' ~ z f g e n  i s  the  domimnt ion a d .%.> a , ~ a l'p%rLicln, Tifie coc;fr'ic:clli; $<lo-lrt I+-= 
r
i z  tc.1-en from &?2k5) $or T -'q =920°. Using Ii-5-l 
7x107 l'oz XI~O), ~ ~ - ~ ~ = 8 5 ~ .The t o t e l  Tc'Tn 

is ~ k 5 ~ ~&iic5 in p i . x z ~correct ion or" %ha 

d i ~ ~ a :S E ~ ~ ~ L ? , E %  6bCni 3.c R.&X'~SA&
1 39 

b,,~"=A .  3 I ,:L,..-a ecen$able
,cx-- ---..- A~ 1imi'k.s cowidsr -  
. :a:, acctii-~cyo:. 3ho Cat&. 
j ; 
&her i?i1~esti~ti to~+s~73 I?:a-ie rcezsured the  1d8'y-tire <Qea t  403 k2 i n  ~eillgerate l a t i t ude s  j : 
f o r  s i x f l e r  so l a r  ac?,irrity e2.5 obtsined w l u e s  
pf 50-70 eV/c~.3,fsnc, m e s e  Q2 values vere . II \ ! 
d i r ec t ly  ~2+oured, e s  T,-Ti is an obse-ble ! I j
qmntipf a t  400 4m i n  tenpercte lz t i tudes .  j / 
IThe 1ot7e1- ge ~ L g e siill?>j a T,-T coi-reckion 1 ,
nfact07 oQ only F?3-j5° f o r  t h i s  exarqle. Fur-! ' 
A .bher inveskigr"uon of t he  heat input and tern-; / 
peratwe corrections discussed here is des i r - j  i 
able. . :  .1 I 
: : 
I n  closing, one cddi t ionsl~poj .nt  deserve$ : 
brief .neoticn. Prozt2me 7-$65 t o  Janm-iy 1967 ! 
t he  me;:i~um v a lw  of Oe observed a t  J i c amrca :  
incl=.asec; f rox eporoxitonteiy 1OOO t o  &C€B ! j 
eV/c;d/sec. Tinis psraEecer m y  prove t o  be a ;  
more sens i t i v s  index of the s o l e r  EiPJ heat , i 
flux than presently used pzremeters such as. f 1the  10.7 cu flux. 1 i 
References 
(1)Farley, D T .  J. P. E.:cClure, D.L. S h r l  
and J.L. C-reeq i n  press, 1957. 
(2) 	Brace, Lo E., it. W. ,?pencay, and A. 
Eelgemo, Pl~get,Space Sci., 6b7, 
1965. 
(3) 	Evans, J. V., 232 1.1. Lovs~2?zsl, =%net. 
S p c e  Sci., .915, 1964. 
(4) 	Brris, I., and 17. h i e s t e r ,  J. Geophys. 
Res., 6J 4534, 1552. 
( 5 )  Bau?Es, h-ie~. ,  ?lanet, Space Sci., & 
1 	 1gs. 
.I Finwe Cepticns 	 i 
: I 
IFig.1. Electron a d  ion teioperzrure profiles. '  : 
I jI 	 . .I 
-. 
i 
2 m e  e q u z t o r i o l b e l t  of nearly equal I ;  
e7d conste?.t T, and Ti. A t  night the . 
b e l t  eY'ends fro% 200 t o  800 kn. 
. . 
Fig.?. Diurirnal cuzvss of Te ar.d Ti a t  400 km: 
Ti a t  209-2j0 kra i s  a l s o  sho-~tn on two 
occasioas, 
I 
F i g  Saris* ion c e q r e t ~ ~ ~ .  	 i I Ii I 
Fig.5. B a f i l e s  of N , ~ ~  ' a n(T,-T~)/ T ~  
i i 
l o r  the -12zytios teraperature proi'ile . : i 
of Fiz.1. i .  Ii ,  
I 	 I ' i 
I-I 
J rAARCA,, PERU -17 AUGUST 1695 
80 0 --- , I 
6900 9400 O%He 
h h 
-20% H 
+- 200/ H+ 
600 ,
-- -i "3%H
 
Goo ° + 

0 0/ H,
 
- 400 t 
-
+TeTi
L

400­
+ 
 00 
' 
 a' 
00 
w200 o 
-

,IRA 1965 
Model #i. 
00 I I,
 
0000 20000 
TEMRER ATURE (0 K) 
0 
-- 1I- I I .. I I I 
EQUATORIAL DAYTIME TEMPERATURE RELAT[O'S 
--soo - - - - -T- 

- - - - - -.- ----
Te- T n 
L~1 ,200 ToT T T 
_.--40- \ >T- - ­4 00 
IIII I I I I 
4 0 N 2 0 N 00 2os 4° 
MAGNETIC LATITUDE 
1O0001t 

'
 
6 / 017 JUNE 65
 
500 018 JUNE 65
1 019 JUNE 65 
1000 6 
Go 017 AUG 6-0
 
018 AUG 65
 
0 19 AUG 65
 
1000
 
.500 L 12 NOV 65 
< 1000 A
I­
500 07 E 65 
!.-
 18 D='C 65 
-6 
o 1000 
0 1 APR 66 
o 1000 12 APR 
65 *­
0 -1 NOV 66 
SUNRISE SUNSET
80 
O0 06 12 -18 
 O0
 
TI ME (75 0 rV1I 
0 
j050 1000 950 900 85 0 =X-
I - -7 -1 "-- I 
10000 	 SUNRISE ION TEMVPERATURES 
JICAMARCA, PERU o 
~0 
17 MAY 1966 0 
0C 	 A 
9 	 o340Km 
03 K 	 A 
cl A 
SQQO,tF-
0 8000 
a_. 
A 	 A7000 -A 
05 08 
TIME (75 0 W 
07 
JICAMARCA, PERU, 17 AUGUST 1965 15 25 \ I lt 	 r L.t III r 
450 
\(H=GoKm) 
400 	 Ne xlO
 
(el/cm3 )
 
350 A 
- > 0 
E 0 
300 
ze 0-7C e
-250 	 5-107 NeAT/Te 
200 -/ 
20b 500 1000 2000 500.0 
Qe (eV/cm 3/sec) 


Electron, ion and neutral temperatures at the magnetic equator

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