Fuels from naphthenic petroleums were evaluated, and it was found that they had more N bases than those paraffinic ones (0.00024 and 0.000009% N, respectively). The removal of the N bases improved significantly the thermal stability and reduced the residue formation during oxidation of the fuel. The improvement depended on both content and composition of the bases. Thus, fuels with similar content of N bases (0.00058% N) and thermal stability had oxidation residues of 17.5 and 5.6 and sol. gum of 13 and 1.5 mg/100 ml, before and after removing the N bases, respectively

Alekseyeva, M. P.

Borisova, S. M.

Englin, B. A.

Gasanova, Z. I.

Isaev, A. V.

Skovorodin, G. B.

English

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EFFECT OF NITROGENOUS BASES ON THE THERMAL STABILITY OF JET FUELS
B.A. Englln, M.P.	 G.V. Kachurina, M.A. -- Mardanov,
Zh.I. Gasanova, A.Ya. Isaev, G.B. Skovorodin and S.M. Borisova.
I
f
Translation of "Vliyaniye azotistykh osnovaniy na termicheskuyu
stabil'nost' reaktivnykh topliv", Neftepererabotka i Neftekhi-
miya (Moscow), No. 3, 1973, pp. 9 - 11.
A
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'A - - C'.- q
JUL 1977
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 CEIVED
 
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NATIONAL AERONAT"ICS AND SPACE AaaNI SMTION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 205461	 JULY 1977
•. a. .
I '.I
	 •
Report Nfm	 3. Govor	 ent A	 talon No.	 31. Retipient's Cetolog No.
-ABA TK-72131
-
40 Title en	 Ed Subtitle	 EFFECT OF NITR GENOUS' BASES ON	 S. Report Date
THERMALER AL STABILITY OF - JET MFS	 July 1977
S, Poriorttlap orconixotion Codo
7. Au"44	 B.A. Englin, M.P.-Alekseyeva, ±	 S. Performing Otsonlaotion Report No.
G.V. Kachurina, N.A. Mardanov, Zh. I. Gasanova
A. Ya . Isaev, G.B. Skovorodin and S .M.• Borisova 0. Work Unit No.
9. Perform i ng Qrgoniaohon Nome end Address 11. contract at Grant Ne.
•	 .SCITRAN	 L
Box 5456	 1L Type of Report end Period Cove red
Santa Barbara, CA 93108	 Translation
12. Sponsoring Agency Nome and Addross*
National Aeronautics and Space-Admizistratio 	 14. Sponsoring Agencytodo
Washington, D.C. .	 20546
1S. Svpp6mentery Note$
Translation of,'"Vliyaniye azotistykh ©snovaniy na termicheskuyu
stabil'nost' reaktivaykh topliv", Neftepererabotka i Neftelchimiya •
• (Moscow} , No. 3 •, 1973, pp. 9 — 11.
16.	 Abstract .
i
Fuels from naphthenic petroleums had mbre N bases than those paraffinic
ones (0.00024 aftd 0.000009% N, respe*.tively). 	 The removal of the N
bases improved significantly-the thermal stability and reduced the residu
formation during oxidation of the fuel.
	
The improvement depended on
both content and composition. of the bases.
	
Thus. fuels with similar con-
content.af N.bases (0.00058% N) and thermal stability-had oxidation
residues of 17.5 and 5.6 and sol. gum of 13 and 1.5 mg/100rml, before'
and after removing .•thi N bases, respectively.
17. Key Words (Selected by Author(Q) i8. DistHbutitia Stoteraeat 1
•	 •.•	 Unclassified - Unlimited
•
14. severity Glossii. (of this fepotd	 31f. Socvrity Glessif. (oi this Me)	 21• No. of Fegea	 22.
^	 i
Unclassified	 Unclassified	 6
J
STANDARD TITLE FAGS
i￿
Nitrogenous bases contained in jet fuels, together with neutral nitrogenous 	 /g*
compounds, take an active paxt in the formation of residue and	 gum during
the heating of fuels L1,2].	 Therefore, it was of certain importance to explain
within what limits the content of nitrogenous bases changes in different samples
of fuel TS-1 and T-1.	 The nitrogenous bases in fuels were determined by
titration 0.02N solution of 5?% perchloric acid in glacial acetic acid with the
addition of acetic anhydride in the presence of the indicator "crystalline
violet" [3, j . f
It follows from the data presented below that the content of nitrogenous
bases in fuels TS-1, produced from different petroleums, increases with the
weighting of their fractional composition:
Petroleums (boiling limits, °C): % nitrogen	 110
Chalk precipitates of Checheno-
Ingush ASSR s
139-236 0.000023
140-224 0.00001
t 137-224 0.00c
Mixture of tuymazin,	 devonian,
arlan
138-222 0.00001
- 139-222 0.00001
Mixture of tuymazin., 	 axlano-
chekmagush (137-222) 0.000019
Volgograd:
137-230 0.000004
141 -230 0.00001
^-lxture of romashkin and Permian--
15	 (139-220) 0.000009
Rona -,kin (141-235) 0.00003
Mixture of romashkin, tyumen and
shkapov (237-%34) 0.00001
The sam.a, and 10% vuktyl condensate
(136-223) 0.000009
-
In fuels T-1
i^ ture of azerbaydzan and turkmen;
142-265 0.00049
142-270 0.00062
140-266 0.00067
142-262 0.00057
1-263 0.00071
*	 Numbers in margin indicate pagination in original foreign text.
1
-- -
	
-
MEW khabitk:
0-00059
149-253 0.00058
147-245 0.00027
146
-255 0.00053
- Mixture of krasnodar and grozny
(140-264) 0.00071
In alkalized distillates of
azerbaydzan petroleums
Bg, balakhans
143-220 0.00024
159-279 0.0015
Shirvan.
151-222 0.00024
- 132-225 0.00024
- Sangachal ( 130-254) 0.0004
Buzovnin (181-241) 0.00094
Neftyanyye Kamni (170-275) 0.00126
Ostrov Peschanyy {ligroin} 0.00023
In 10-degree fractions of mixture
of turkmen petroleums
120-130 0.00004
180-190 0.0oo06
220-230 0.00022
250-260 0.00079
280-290 o.00266
With the same boiling limits the fuels of naphthenic base contain more
E nitrogenous bases than fuels of paraffin base. 	 Thus, the distillate of
g shirvan -petroleum which boils in the limits 132-225°C contains 0.00024
	 base
nitrogen, while distillate of romashkin and permian petroleums which boil within
139-220 0C only 0.0400090.
If one assumes that the molecular weight of nitrogenous bases contained in
jet fuels is 10 times greater than the atomic weight of nitrogen, then in fuels
T-1 the content of nitrogenous bases is 0.0024-0.015f. It can be assured that
with such a content the nitrogenous bases will have an essential effect on the
thermal stability of the fuel. For confirmation of this, after back-titration
of fuel by perchloric acid and careful washing, its thermal stability was
FCC 	 determined (COST 9144-59 and GOST 11802-66). It is apparent from the data in
the table that as a result of the removal of the-nitrogenous bases the thermalt i
stability of the fuels was considerably improved, moreover the amount of residue
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formed during oxidation of the fuel was reduced. The degree of improvement of
thermal stability after removal of the nitrogenous bases depends not only on their
content, but also on the composition of nitrogenous bases. Thus, with equal
content of nitrogenous 'owes in the samples of fuel T-1 1 oduced from
ekhabin petroleum and a mixture of azerbaydzan and turkmen petroleums (0.0006 )
and practically similar thermal stability evaluated according to the mount
of residue, with the removal of nitrogenous bases from fuel T-1 of ekhabin
petroleum the amount of residue formed in it is reduced by 17.3 mg , while in
fuel T-1 of a mixture of azerbaydzan and turkmen petroleums only by 5.6 mg/100 ,1.
In the latter case, as a result of the removal of nitrogenous bases there isI	
a significant reduction in the amount of soluble gums . (13.0 and 1.5 mg/100 =1
respectively).
Despite the fact that in the distillates made of petroleum from the deposit
Neftyanyye Kamni the content of base nitrogen reached 0.00126%, the amount of
residue formed during oxidation was only 12.6 mg/100 ml and therefore after
removal of the nitrogenous bases the amount of residue was only reduced by
6.0 mg.
The obtained data indicate that nitrogenous bases impair the thermal
stability of fuel and therefore their removal from jet fuels would permit
improvement of the thermal stability of fuel.
References
. Oswald, A. and F. Noel, Chem.. Data 6, No. 2 (1961) , 294.
2. Vol'f, M. B. , Nhignicheskayg stabilizata1Ya mot^n 	 reaktivnykr too liv
["Chemical Stabilization of Engine and Jet Fuels" Yloscow:"Khimiya,"
1970.
iSuslennikova, V. X. and Ye. K. Kiseleva, Rt&ovcdstvo Do ri otovleni
t tr vernyl h rastvorgy 
F 
Manual on Preparing Titrants" , Moscow:
"K'ni, iya, r. 1968, p• 13 t •


Effect of nitrogenous bases on the thermal stability of jet fuels

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