Marat kyzu, Nurkyz

Marat kyzu Nurkyz

Zhytomyr State University Library

Marat kyzu Nurkyz Research supervisor: T.B. Sakeev   MILITARY TERMS AND PECULIARITIES OF THEIR TRANSLATION FROM KYRGYZ INTO ENGLISH LANGUAGE  (BASED ON THE NOVEL “THE BROKEN SWORD” BY T. KASYMBEKOV)  The aim of this article is to analyze some military terms and peculiarities of their translation from Kyrgyz into English language. The general concept of 'army' in the novel is taken from radical Kyrgyz words that are cognate with terms found in many Arabian languages. Words such as кол, кошуун, күч, and бөлүк are included in the lexicons of Turkish languages. The word 'army', Кол, is translated in dictionaries as 'force' and as 'a military group consisting of groups of people'. In the novel The Broken Sword, this lexeme includes the concept of 'people capable of taking on military duties'. In Russian, this term is translated as войско, and in English, 'army': Калган кол бир кур сестенгендей дургуп токтоп, эки канаттa обочо. Урушта туруш жок… Саркерлер түйшөлө түшүштү ("С.К", 379-б, 12-13 с.). Войско выстроились поодаль, разделенное на два отряда. В битве медлить нельзя. Оба саркера-военачальника встрепенулись ("СМ", 237-б. 43-45с. 238-б. 1с.). The army had lined up some distance away, divided into two detachments (“B.S” p-271, line 39-40.). Мен өзүм кол баштайм. Токтоо болбойт! ("С.К.", 49-б, 5-7 с.). Я сам поведу войско. Медлить нельзя! ("С.М", 37-б. 19-20 с.). I will lead the army myself (“B.S”, p- 51, line 9). In some places where the word кол is used, the context is not sufficient to distinguish shades of meaning, but, in certain cases, it is possible to note that the sense changes. In the example below, in the phrase 'Dzhigits have come to hand' "колго барып жүргөн жигиттер", the term кол has the meaning of 'those serving in a group' "кошуунда кызмат өтөп келишкен", but the phrase has been translated as 'coming from the battlefield' "согуш талаасынан келген". The following fact confirms that this novel is based on a Russian translation variant:  Баягы колго барып жүргөн жигиттер бүт аттанат! ("С.К.", 49-б, 3-4 с.). Все джигиты, что вернулись с поля битвы, должны снова сделать коней! ("С.М", 37-б. 16-17с.). All jigits who have returned from the battlefield must saddle their horses again (“B.S”, p- 51, line 7-8). Бул жаңы кабар жол алууга дүрдүгүп турган беш жүз колдун кыйырына толкун түшүрдү ("С.К.", 35-б, 15-16 с.). Новость взволновала всех, все пять сотен, приготовившиеся двинуться к родным кочевьям ("С.М", 24-б. 42-43 с.). The news stirred everyone, all the five hundreds ready to travel to their native lands (“B.S.” p-38, line 33-34). In the novel The Broken Sword the lexeme "force" "күч" is also used to refer to the army. In the dictionary, 11 values of this lexeme are given; the ninth definition is “a group of people united, as in a work collective” "аскерлер, кандайдыр бир өндүрүштүк коллективде бириккен адамдар тобу". This lexeme is translated to Russian as "сила" and in English 'force' and is seen in some contexts: Нузуп кошумча күчтөрдү топтоп, он миңдей атчан менен жолдорду бөгөп калууга үлгүрүп калган эле ("С.К", 104-б, 26-28 с.). Но Юсуп успел собрать дополнительное войско и теперь спешил с десятью тысячами конницы перерезать дорогу Насрулле.  But yusup had assembled another force and now hurried to intercept Nasurullah with 10.000 horsemen (“B.S”, p- 105, line 38-39). Нүзүптүн күчү көп эле. Урушуп абийир алалбасыны көздөрү жеткен соң кыпчактын эстүүлөрү камчыларын моюндарына салып келип, өзүлөрү багынып беришти ("С.К.", 107-б, 35-39 с.). Сил у Юсупа было много. Кипчаки, вернее, наиболее благоразумные из них, скоро поняли, что с Юсупом им не совладать, и покорились, пришли с повинной ("СМ", 90-б. 20-23с.). The Kipchaks, or rather the most sensible of them, soon realized that Yusup could not be defeated and gave themselves up (“B.S” p-108, line 26-28). As research has shown, the words used for 'army' are connected with concepts based on the Arabian and Russian languages since ancient centuries as it is given in the novel. As for historical situations in the use of these words there were not any special distinctions. Words connected with an army have been borrowed from the Arabian, Russian and Latin languages, it was facts in evidence and proofs.  LITERATURE 1. “Broken sword” English version translated by D.Foremen, S.Sosynskiy-1977. 2. “Broken sword” Russian version translated by V. Lebedeva, Moscow-1958. 3. “Broken sword” Kyrgyz version by T.Kasymbekov, Bishkek-2002. 4. PHD theses by A.Kadyrova., Bishkek-2012. 5. Kyrgyz language encyclopedia by K.Karasaev, Bishkek -1996, 553.   

Military terms and peculiarities of their translation from kyrgyz into english language (based on the novel “The broken sword” by T. Kasymbekov)

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