Historical Aspects of the Impact of the Law of Eastern Adriatic Towns on the Law of Medieval Bosnia (Europeanisation of the Bosnian Law?)

Abstract

Razvitak hrvatskog prava ukazuje na zanimljivi pluralitet pravnih pojava gdje pojedina područja pokazuju veliku raznolikost preuzimanja i nadgradnje rimskog postklasičnog prava, bizantskog, franačko-langobardskog, mletačkog i ugarskog prava, sve opet na bogati slavenski običajnopravni temelj. Pri tom pojedine regije zrače svojim uplivom i na prava susjednih zemalja, prije svega srednjovjekovne banovine, a od 1377. godine Kraljevine Bosne; on je, naravno, značajniji u javnopravnoj oblasti, ali je daleko rašireniji i bogatiji u domenu privatnog prava. Hrvatsko srednjovjekovno pravo je samo jedna od varijanti europskog prava, pa upravo tim putem dolazi i do prihvatanja instituta europskog privatnog prava u pravni sistem srednjovjekovne Bosne, nesumnjivo da je uticaj dubrovačkog prava najvidljiviji jer najznačajniji bosanskohercegovački pravni povjesničar Mustafa Imamović (1941.-2017.) nalazi da je on toliko veliki da ga, s pravom, proglašava pomoćnim pravnim izvorom u Bosni. Uticaji prava ostalih istočnojadranskih gradova nerijetko se zanemaruju čak i u periodu kada su dalmatinski gradovi Split, Trogir i Šibenik te otoci Brač, Hvar i Korčula, bili u sastavu bosanske države. Bosanski kraljevi izdali su ukupno devet povelja Splitu, četiri povelje i dva pisma Trogiru, četiri povelje gradu Šibeniku u kojima su regulisali prirodne veze hrvatskih gradova i bosanskog zaleđa, iz kojih se često zrcale norme privatnog prava. Mada ti odnosi nipošto nisu jednosmjerni, upravo ovim putem dolazi do širenja, preoblikovanja i prihvatanja normi statutarnog prava hrvatskih gradova u bosankom zaleđu, pa time i do procesa prve europeizacije bosanskog prava, dok drugu pak donose rudari Sasi sa svojim tradicionalnim rudarskim pravima i slobodama.The development of the Croatian law is characterised by an interesting plurality of legal phenomena where certain areas have shown a huge variety of takeovers and upgrades of the post-classic Roman law, Byzantine law, Frankish-Lombardian law, Venetian and Hungarian law, superimposed on the rich foundation of Slavic customary law. In this process, certain regions influenced the laws of neighboring countries, such as the Banate of Bosnia in particular and the Kingdom of Bosnia from 1377. This was certainly more important in the field of public law, but it is far more widespread and richer in the domain of private law. Medieval Croatian law is one of the varieties of medieval European law (ius commune), and in this way the institute of medieval European private law was accepted in the legal system of medieval Bosnia. There is no doubt that the influence of the law of the Republic of Ragusa was the most prominent e, so that the most important Bosnian legal historian Mustafa Imamovic (1941–2017) identified its impact to be so large that he rightfully proclaimed it as an auxiliary source of law in Bosnia. The effects of the laws of other Eastern Adriatic towns were often ignored and disregarded even in the period when the Dalmatian towns of Split, Trogir and Šibenik and the islands of Brač, Hvar and Korčula, were part of the Bosnian state. Bosnian kings issued a total of nine charters to Split, four charters and two letters to Trogir, four charters to Šibenik which regulated the relations between Croatian towns and the Bosnian hinterland, reflecting the norms of private law. Although these were by no means one-way relations, this led to the spread, transformation and acceptance of the norms of the statutory rights of Croatian towns in the Bosnian hinterland, and thus to the process of the first Europeanization of the Bosnian law, while the second one was brought by the Saxon miners with their traditional mining rights and freedoms

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