'Universitas Islam Indonesia (Islamic University of Indonesia)'
Doi
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a global health burden with a high economic cost to the health system and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), not only in the developed country but also in developing country like Indonesia.1,2 The incidence and prevalence of CKD are increasing every year. The global prevalence of CKD is about 11-13% with the majority in stage III.1 CKD stage V or End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) needs a complicated management including renal replacement treatment such as hemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) or renal transplantation that are very high cost and limited in some centers.1-3 The incidence rate of ESRD per million populations in Indonesia from 2002-2006 was increasing from 10.2, 11.7, 13.8, 18.4 to 23.4.3 There were 117,162 new cases of ESRD reported in United States of America by the end of 2013 and the unadjusted incidence rate was 363 per million/year.
