Descripció de l'arameu del Talmud de Babilònia, que pertany al grup nord-occidental de les llengües semítiques, ensems amb l'hebreu, el fenici i l'ugarític. Fou la llengua parlada més estesa a Israel, Síria i Mesopotàmia en el temps del naixement del cristianisme. L'article ofereix l'esquema de l'evolució d'aquest grup de dialectes arameus i en dóna la classificació dels diversos elements, que inclouen la llengua del llibre de Daniel i dels targums, i així mateix el samarità, el siríac, etc. Un dels dialectes arameus més conegut és el del Talmud de Babilònia, que fou la llengua parlada pel poble jueu a Babilònia i la que empraren els seus savis per a posar per escrit llurs interpretacions de la Misnà. La descripció dels principals aspectes de la morfologia de l'arameu babilònic es complementa amb una àmplia bibliografia.Babylonian Aramaic. A description of its basic grammar elements
The article aims to offer a description of the basic elements of the Aramaic
idiom of the Babylonian Talmud, the foundation on which the religious and
cultural life of postbiblical Judaism is grounded. Aramaic belongs to the northwest
branch of the semitic languages, together with Hebrew, Phenician and
Ugaritic, among other less known dialects. Aramaic had a noticeable influence
on the later phase of Biblical Hebrew and on the whole Mishnaic Hebrew. Moreover,
it was the most widespread spoken language in the Land of Israel, Syria
and Mesopotamia at the time of the birth of Christianity.
The article offers in broad outline a scheme of the evolution of the Aramaic
group of dialects and a classification of its various components, which include
the language of the biblical book of Daniel and that of the Targumim, as well as
Samaritan, Syriac (which has its own alphabet and has been the language of
oriental Christianity to this very day), etc. One of the best known Aramaic dialects
is that of the Babylonian Talmud, which was the spoken language of the
Jewish people in Babylonia and the language used by its sages to write down
their interpretation of the Mishna. The compilation of that religious and literary
achievement had apparently ended by the middle of the 8th century.The description of the main morphological aspects of Babylonian Aramaic
is followed by a wide bibliography of reference books and specific studies intended
for the reader who may wish to go deeper into the knowledge of that language, which was also used by medieval Catalan and Occitan Jews in their
Talmudic commentaries and in some literary works
