贵金属纳米材料具有优异的催化性能,是石油化工、燃料电池和汽车尾气净化等领域中广泛使用且不可或缺的催化剂。因催化或电催化均涉及表面反应,金属纳米催化剂的表面结构直接决定其性能。大量金属单晶电极模型催化剂基础研究指出:高指数晶面围成的贵金属(Pt、Pd、Au等)纳米晶体的催化活性通常显著优于原子紧密排列的晶面(即低指数晶面)所围成的纳米晶体。这是因为高指数晶面具有高密度的台阶原子和扭结原子,在催化反应中这些原子组成高活性位点。然而,由于高指数晶面具有很高的表面能,在晶体生长过程中因受到最低总表面能的热力学限制,导致其在生长过程中趋于消失。因此,采用传统的合成方法仅能获得一些由低指数晶面构成的纳米晶...Precious metal nanomaterials possess excellent catalytic performance, and have been widely and indispensably used as catalysts in the fields of petrochemical industry, fuel cells and automobile exhaust purification, etc. Because of both catalysis and electro-catalysis involving surface reaction, the catalytic performance of metal nanocatalysts is closely dependent on their surface structure. A lar...学位:理学博士院系专业:能源研究院_能源化学学号:3242012015368