Blengini, Gian Andrea

Dewulf, Jo

Pennington, David

English

Ghent University Academic Bibliography

A modern JRCin a modern CommissionVladimír Šucha,Director-GeneralIspra, 10 July 2015Joint Research Centrethe European Commission's in-house science serviceServing societyStimulating innovationSupporting legislationCritical Raw Materials:Revision of the EU methodologyJo Dewulf1,2, Gian Andrea Blengini1,3and David Pennington1Sustainability Assessment Unit (H08)Institute of Environment and Sustainability1Joint Research Center, European Commission2Ghent University3Politecnico di TorinoTable of contents1. Introduction2. EU 2014 list of Critical Raw Materials3. Criticality methodology4. Supply risk influences and resilience21. Introduction3The JRC inside the European CommissionJoint Research Centre (JRC)is the European Commission's in-house science service and the only DG executing direct researchInstitute for Environment and Sustainability (IES)“The mission of the IES is to provide scientific-technical support to the European Union's policies for the protection and sustainable development of the European and global environment”2EU “Raw Materials Initiative”:•Aim: securing sustainable supply of raw materials•Launched in 2008, consolidated in 2011•Non-energy, non-agricultural raw materials•Connecting EU external and internal policies •Integrated strategy (3 pillars) •Introduced list of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) in 2011 and201462. EU 2014 list of Critical Raw Materials6Economic importance• Importance of a raw material per economic sector & importance of the sector in the EU economySupply risk• Political and economic stability• Level of production concentration• Potential for substitution• Recycling rateHow to assess Critical Raw Materials?EU 2014 Supply riskSupply risk = HHI x WGI x (1-R) x SSource: Fraunhofer ISI.18EU 2014 9EU 2014 :9Context of EU 2014 list of Critical Raw Materials:- 2014 is a follow-up the 2010 list of Critical Raw Materials- As Criticality changes with time, updates foreseen every 3-4 years- Next: EU 2017 list of Critical Raw Materials- Review of methodology by DG GROW- DG JRC (end early 2016):- Supply risk and economic importance- Role of export restrictions and import dependency- Reliable data for assessing criticality- Additional influences on criticality- Biotic materials- Uses of the list of Critical Raw Materials- Improved methodology available to consultants in charge of EU 2017 listPreparation of the EU 2017 list of Critical Raw Materials:3. Criticality methodologySome currently investigated potential adjustments11* Working definition of criticality:A Critical Raw Material is one with high risk of a supply disruption and, at the same time, with high economic importance. High risk of supply disruption means that supply might not be adequate to meet EU industry demand. High economic importance means that the raw material is fundamental in industry sectors to create added value and jobs, which are lost in case the raw material is not available and adequate substitutes cannot be used instead.* Adjusting for export restrictions (trade barriers)- Abrupt increase of export restrictions in minerals and metals sectors worldwide since 2009- Supply risk may increase by these export restrictions (country-specific)-Global production versus specific supply: the example of Manganese* Country concentration of supply: need to be specific?Worldwide productionSource: EC, 2014US supply- 100% import dependent- Manganese ore: 72% Gabon- Ferromanganese: 67% South Africa, China, BrazilSource: NRC-US, 2008Manganese    Mining stage Refining stage* Concentration shifts along the supply chain “primary production”Source: EC, 20144. Supply risk influences and resilience- Other additional influences on supply risk?- byproduct dynamics- land use: economic competition, regulation…→ no comprehensive structure- Supply risk disruption versus resilience to supply disruption1617TERP Concept:- 4 groups of influences:- Tech/Phys/Geol.- Econ/Strategic/Market- Regulatory/Social- Political stability &Governance- 17 particular influences:18Influences on supply risk or on resilience to supply disruption?Thank you!European Platform on Life Cycle Assessment (EPLCA):http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Raw Material Information System (RMIS): http://rmis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/Sustainability Assessment (H08): http://sa.jrc.ec.europa.eu/JRC Science Hub:https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/Jo Dewulf,European Commission,DG JRC, IES-H08 Sustainability Assessment

Critical raw materials : revision of the EU methodology

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Critical raw materials : revision of the EU methodology

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