Air quality assessment in tunnels: field measurements and mathematical modeling

Abstract

As a result of increased emissions and inadequate ventilation, the concentration of these pollutants in confined spaces such as tunnels can result in deleterious impacts on health and the well being of exposed population.The large difference in pollutant concentrations between the inside and outside of a tunnel has been used to derive on-road emission factors.This paper assesses vehicle-induced emissions and air quality inside a heavily traveled tunnel in an urban are