The author has written an excellent summary of the little known events in Filipino history in the Philippines and the history of the Filipino community in the U.S., a history of over four hundred years that covers the colonial oppression, and resistance first to Spain and then the United States. He attributes the fractured Filipino identity, one that is fissured by ambivalence, opportunism, and schizoid loyalties, to the colonial experiences under these two western European powers. In his brilliant analysis of the literature he uses a historical materialist theoretical framework (22)
