Effect of disodium/calcium malate or Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and bood metabolites of heifers

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of malate salts and Saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and blood metabolites in heifers raised under southern Europe practical farm conditions. A total of 108 Charolaise cross heifers (214 ± 27.3 kg BW and 6.4 ± 1.1 mo of age) were housed in 18 pens of 6 animals each and used in a 114-d feedlot study. There was a totally randomized experimental design, and 6 pens were assigned to each of the following experimental diets: a control (no supplementation), the control plus 4 g of disodium/calcium malate mixture per kilogram of concentrate (2.12 g malate/kg), and the control plus 0.15 g of S. cerevisiae CBS 493.94 per kilogram of concentrate (1.5 × 108 cfu/kg). The control diet consisted of wheat–barley–based pelleted concentrate (32% starch, DM basis) and full-length barley straw. Concentrate and straw were fed separately ad libitum (5% orts) in an 88:12 ratio. On Days 0, 56, and 114, ruminal fluid and blood samples were obtained from each heifer between 2 and 2.5 h after the morning feeding by ruminocentesis and tail venipuncture, respectively. Body weight, concentrate ADFI, and G:F were recorded at 28, 56, 84, and 114 d. At slaughter, hot carcass weight and yield and carcass classification were determined in 2 representative heifers per pen (12 animals per dietary treatment). Supplementation with malate salts or S. cerevisiae did not affect concentrate ADFI (P = 0.98), ADG (P = 0.74), or G:F (P = 0.50) at any time during the experiment. At slaughter, there were no differences in carcass weight (P = 0.86), classification (P = 0.18), or carcass yield (P = 0.84) among experimental groups. Also, there were no differences treatments on ruminal pH (P = 0.24), ruminal fermentation products (P = 0.69, P = 0.88, and P = 0.93 for total VFA, NH3–N, and lactate, respectively), and blood metabolites (P = 0.96, P = 0.82, and P = 0.15 for glucose, urea N, and lactate, respectively). In conclusion, under the feeding and management conditions of this study, diet supplementation with malate salts or S. cerevisiae did not have any significant effects on growth performance, carcass quality, ruminal fermentation products, and blood metabolites