Beggs, Teresa E.

Efaw, Clark

Heath, Darrell R.

Heidt, Gary A.

Saugey, David A.

English

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 37 Article 40 1983 First Report of Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Maternity Colonies in Arkansas David A. Saugey United States Forest Service, dasnightwing@gmail.com Darrell R. Heath University of Arkansas at Little Rock Clark Efaw University of Arkansas at Little Rock Gary A. Heidt University of Arkansas at Little Rock Teresa E. Beggs National Park College Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Saugey, David A.; Heath, Darrell R.; Efaw, Clark; Heidt, Gary A.; and Beggs, Teresa E. (1983) "First Report of Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Maternity Colonies in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 37 , Article 40. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol37/iss1/40 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXVII,198398Arkansas Academy of Scienceare generally seen with alkylatingagents or agents which intercalate with DNA(Drewinko, et al., Cancer Res. 33:3091, 1973). This particular lineof cells appears somewhat less sensitive to Cisplatin than the lymphoma cells used by Drewinko, Brown and Gottleib (Cancer Res., 33:3091, 1973)however, variations in sensitivity among different cell lines are common occurrences.The cis-isomer ofCisplatin was about 50-60 times more toxic than the trans-isomer, a phenomenon which has been noted by other workers(Zwelling, et al., Cancer Res., 39:365-369, 1979). This phenomenon is only partially understood. Both agents cause extensive DNA-protein crosslinkage and intra- and interstrand DNAcross linkage, however, the degree ofinterstrand cross linkage more closely correlated with cytotoxicityThe trans-isomer is actually more mutagenic. The mechanism of the specificity forcertain tumors which alkylating agents such as Cisplatin displayis not understood inview of the wide spectrum ofreactions in which these compounds take part. It would appear that the platinum coordinationcompounds as alkylating agents, must react with very specific sites to produce their characteristic effects.CLIFTONORR, JOSEPH E. STONE, and MAXINEL.POLK, Department 0/Pharmacology and Interdisciplinary Toxicology, University ofArkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205.FIRST HOST PLANT RECORDS FOR Chelysomidea guttata (HERRICH-SCHAEFFER)(HEMIPTERA:SCUTELLERIDAE), WITH NOTES ON THE BIOLOGYANDDISTRIBUTIONChelysomidea is primarilya tropical-subtropical genus distributed from the southern United States through Mexico, Central America, andinto South America. As with most genera of Scutelleridae, little work has been done with Chelysomidea aside from species descriptions. Thepurpose of this paper is to report host plant data and new information concerning the biology of C. guttata.C. guttata has been collected from the southern parts ofLouisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia; throughout Florida; and from easternNorth and South Carolina. One other species in this genus, C. stictica (Dallas), is known to occur in the United States from a small area in thevicinityof Brownsville, Texas, which is thought to be the northern limits ofits range (Lattin, The Scutellerinae of America north of Mexico(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Pentatomidae), Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, p. 350, 1964).Blatchley (Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with especial reference to faunas of Indiana and Florida, p.1116, 1926) reportedC. guttata being collected fromIpomoea pes-caprae (Roth) and scrub oak inFlorida. Lattin(1964) reported collecting the species from Kosteletzkyavirginica (L.) in South Carolina and from Althaea rosea (Cav.) in Florida. No feeding activity for C. guttata has previously been reported.Adults and late nymphal instars were observed feeding on Croton capitatus (Michx.) and C. glandulosus (L.) in September of 1982 inChoctaw County, Alabama and Covington County, Mississippi. Allfive nymphal instars as well as adults were found onall parts ofCroton butmainly in groups on the flowering portion of the plants. Gregarious adults and late nymphal instars were also observed.Several liveadults and nymphs were collected from C. capitatus and C. glandulosus and brought back to the laboratory for rearing. Differentstages of nymphal instars were separated and put inpint mason jars with screen tops. Field collected adults were sexed and placed inmason jars,two pairs per jar. Nymphal instars and adults were first fed fresh green beans and raw peanuts. McPherson (The Pentatomoidea [Hemiptera] ofnortheastern North America with emphasis on the fauna ofIllinois,p. 240, 1982) reviewed the literature concerning lab rearing practices for thePentatomoidea. A high mortality rate occurred within the first month of rearing. Inan effort to reduce high mortality, C. capitatus, which isabundant innortheastern Arkansas, was collected and placed inthe mason jars in lieu ofgreen beans and peanuts. The insects fed on floweringportions of C. capitatus which were clipped and placed insmall test tubes filled with water. Cotton was used to plug the openings of the test tubes.Food along withpaper towellingwas replaced three times a week or as necessary. Alljars were washed once a week. Specimens were incubatedat 25 ± 1°C, 12:12 LD photoperiod and ambient humidity.The purpose ofrearing efforts was to determine the lengthof the development of the insect, from egg to adult stage, and to determine thelengthofeach individual instar. This part ofour study was not completed due to the highmortality rate which occurred withinthe first month of rearing.A pair ofinsects was observed mating on January 3, 1983, but as yet no eggs have been deposited. Further collections of C. guttata willbe made in order to continue the study into the life cycle of this insect.JULIA L.REIDand HARVEYE. BARTON, Department ofBiologicalSciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467.FIRST REPORT OF BRAZILIANFREE-TAILED BATMATERNITYCOLONIES INARKANSASThree maternity colonies of the Brazilian free-tailed bat (Molossidae: Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala) have been found in centralArkansas. Previously reported records of Tadarida in Arkansas are of individual specimens collected from Ashley, Hempstead and Pulaskicounties, either roosting singly or in maternity colonies of the evening bat, Nycticeius humeralis (Sealander, Aguide to Arkansas mammals, pp.99-102, 1979; Sealander and Price, J. Mamm., 45:152, 1964).On July 28, 1982 we investigated a reported bat infestation in the attic of an old two story apartment buildingin downtown Hot Springs,Garland County. The colony was estimated to have contained 100 individuals. Forty-two bats were captured, examined and released. Sixof thebats captured were volant juvenile Tadarida and three were volant juvenile Nycticeius. Juvenile status was determined bynon-closure of the epiphysesof the third and fourth digits. Allbats were roosting on the west wall of the attic at the ceiling joist/rafter junction, rendering them extremelydifficult to capture. When a light was shone in this area, many of the bats moved outside the attic proper and roosted behind an exterior facerboard. It was from behind this facer board that most ofthe bats launched themselves into flight when initiating their nightly foraging activities.During January, 1983, a check of this roost revealed a portion of the colony used the attic as overwintering quarters.The second maternity site was found in the attic ofan old dormitory buildingon the campus ofCentral Baptist College inConway, FaulknerCounty, during October, 1982 and represents the northern most distribution of Tadarida reported in Arkansas. The colony numbered severalhundred individuals and used a 30 centimeter wide air space between a double brick wall and the ceiling joist/rafter junction at the edge of theattic for roosting. Similar roosting sites were selected by Tadarida inLouisiana (LaVal, Am. Midi.Nat., 89:112-120, 1973). Both of these roostingsites were located on the west side of the building and warmed considerably during afternoon hours. Judging from the guano that has accumulatedto a depth of over 30 centimeters in places, the colony had probably inhabited the attic for a number of years. Verification of this roost as a98Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 37 [1983], Art. 40Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1983Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXVII,1983 99General Notesmaternity site was accomplished by sifting through guano piles and recovering skeletal and mummified remains of juvenile Tadarida during thefall of 1982.Several hundred newborn Tadarida, many with umbilicus stillattached, were observed and voucher specimens collected in June, 1983 (specimensdeposited in UALRMZ). The colony shared its maternity and hibernating quarters with approximately 500 (October estimate) big brown bats,Eptesicus fuscus. Eptesicus roosted near the apex of the attic or high up on the sloping rafters in more open areas, segregating themselves fromthe free-tails. However, inboth October, 1982 and March, 1983, several Eptesicus and Tadarida were observed roosting side by side on raftershalfway between the two colonies and during the maternity period juveniles and adults of both species often shared roosting sites. ApparentlyEptesicus has occupied these same areas of the attic during maternity periods as skeletal remains of juveniles and adults littered the manure pilesbelow. Mixed roosting of these two species inman-made structures has been reported as a common occurrence from the western states according toBarbour and Davis (Bats of America, p. 209, 1969).The third maternity site was located inthe old lion house of the Little Rock Zoo inPulaski county. The exact size of the colony was unknown,but Zoo personnel reported the accumulation of dislodged juveniles on the floor of the building as a daily occurrence during the pre-volantmaternity period. Roosting sites selected by this colony were similar to those previously described. Aportion of the colony overwintered in thebuildingas evidenced by the capture ofadult females inmist nets which had been set up to remove sparrows from the building inFebruary, 1983(pers. comm., Bob Cooper, Zoo Director).The close proximity of this colony to the University ofArkansas Medical Science campus probably explains the 1962 occurrence ofan adultfemale Tadarida captured while roosting on the latticework ofa research building(Sealander and Price, 1964).The presence of these colonies have resulted in two additional county distribution records (Faulkner and Garland), firmlyestablished thespecies as a resident mammal and extended the known northern distribution of the bat approximately 40 kilometers within the state.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Mike McKinney, Don Floyd and John Seales of Hot Springs AnimalControl, Bob Jines, Belinda Wunderlin-Jonak, Bob Cooper, Director, Little Rock Zoo and David Westbrook, Little RockZoo. This research project was sponsored, in part, by the U.S. Forest Service (Ouachita National Forest) and a UniversityofArkansas at Little Rock Faculty Research Grant, and the UALR Office of Research, Science and Technology.KID A. SAUGEY, United States Forest Service, Hot Springs, AR 71901; DARRELL HEATH, CLARK EFAW and GARY HEIDT,rtment ofBiology, University ofArkansas-Little Rock, LittleRock, AR 72204; and TERESA E. BEGGS, DivisionofNursing, Garland Countymunity College, Hot Springs, AR 71901.ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THREE RESERVOIRSNEAR THE OUACHITA MOUNTAIN-GULF COASTAL PLAIN INTERFACEZooplankton are important food for young-of-the-year and certain adult fish and may serve as an indicator of trophic status (McNaught,Verh, int. Ver. Limnol. 19:724-731, 1975). In1979, the National Reservoir Research Program and the Waterways Experiment Station of the U.S.ArmyCorps ofEngineers conducted a cooperative study of the effects ofreservoir operations on tailwater environments. The study included seasonalmeasurements of water quality and zooplankton populations in three reservoirs (Pine Creek Lake, Oklahoma; and Gillham and Greeson Lakes,tThelakes are in different river drainages near the interface of the Ouachita Mountains and the Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic provinces.Creek and Gillham Lakes are multi-purpose, flood control impoundments in the Little River system. Pine Creek Lake (2,023 ha) is a mainstemfoir on the Little River in southeast Oklahoma; Gillham Lake (554 ha) impounds the Cossatot River in southwest Arkansas; and Lake Greeson0ha), is a Corps ofEngineers hydroelectric project on the LittleMissouri River in the Ouachita River basin in west central Arkansas. Selectedcochemical characteristics of the three lakes include low conductivity (34-52 umhos/cm), low alkalinity (6-13 mg/1 as CaCOj), and nearlyal pH (ca. 6.5).tin1979, zooplankton densities were estimated for Pine Creek Lake from April through November, for Gillham Lake from June throughber, and for Lake Greeson from May through October. Vertical tows at depths of 15-10 m, 10-5 m, and 5-0 m were made with an 0.08-mm,0.3-m closing net. Samples were immediately preserved in3% formalin. Two 1-ml subsamples were later placed in a Sedgwick-Rafterting cell where all organisms were identified and counted. Dry weight biomass estimates (from the upper stratum) were calculated byregressionlions (Dumont et al., Oecologie 19:75-97, 1975). Cladocera and Rotifera (except Conochilidae) were identified to species, and Copepoda wereified to suborder. Allestimates were expanded to number and milligrams per cubic meter.tDaphniarosea, D.catawba, Leydigia quadrangularis, and Synchaeta sp. were found only in Gillham Lake, where a total of 12 species of•cerans and 17 species ofrotifers were collected. Daphnia galeata mendotae and Keratella americana were collected only in Lake Greeson,e 9cladoceran and 17 rotifer species were identified. Nine cladoceran and 18 rotifer species were found inPine Creek Lake. Copepoda rankedin density throughout the study period (Table); however, comparisons of the copepod suborders (Calanoida and Cyclopoida) to the cladoceranotifer genera were not considered valid, and relationships were not analyzed. Chaoborus appeared in zooplankton collections from all threevoirs.» Zooplankton densities in the upper stratum of Pine Creek Lake peaked in spring and early summer (Figure). Conochilidae were the mostidant zooplankters throughout the sampling period (Table), and composed over 50% of the population during Apriland July. However, Daphniaula (23%) and Holopedium amazonicum (29%) were responsible for the greatest biomass in Apriland July, respectively.§Population densities of rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans peaked in the upper stratum of Gillham Lake simultaneously in July. Thelations progressively decreased through the fall. Conochilidae and Kellicottia bostoniensis were the most abundant zooplankters (Table).oedium amazonicum composed the greatest mean biomass, although itdominated the biomass (65%) onlyin June. Hexarthra mira,Ceriodaphniaand Daphnia ambigua and D. Laevis contributed the greatest biomass in July, September, and October, respectively.¦ In Lake Greeson, the copepods peaked in May, rotifers in July, and cladocerans in September. Total zooplankton densities were highestbiomass lowest in the upper stratum during July (Figure), when Collotheca sp. made up 90% of the total density and 44% of the total biomass.99Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 37 [1983], Art. 40https://scholarworks.uark.edu/ja /vol37/iss1/40

First Report of Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Maternity Colonies in Arkansas

ScholarWorks@UARK

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 37 Article 401983First Report of Brazilian Free-tailed Bat MaternityColonies in ArkansasDavid A. SaugeyUnited States Forest Service, dasnightwing@gmail.comDarrell R. HeathUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockClark EfawUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockGary A. HeidtUniversity of Arkansas at Little RockTeresa E. BeggsNational Park CollegeFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons, and the Zoology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationSaugey, David A.; Heath, Darrell R.; Efaw, Clark; Heidt, Gary A.; and Beggs, Teresa E. (1983) "First Report of Brazilian Free-tailed BatMaternity Colonies in Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 37 , Article 40.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol37/iss1/40Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXVII,198398Arkansas Academy of Scienceare generally seen with alkylatingagents or agents which intercalate with DNA(Drewinko, et al., Cancer Res. 33:3091, 1973). This particular lineof cells appears somewhat less sensitive to Cisplatin than the lymphoma cells used by Drewinko, Brown and Gottleib (Cancer Res., 33:3091, 1973)however, variations in sensitivity among different cell lines are common occurrences.The cis-isomer ofCisplatin was about 50-60 times more toxic than the trans-isomer, a phenomenon which has been noted by other workers(Zwelling, et al., Cancer Res., 39:365-369, 1979). This phenomenon is only partially understood. Both agents cause extensive DNA-protein crosslinkage and intra- and interstrand DNAcross linkage, however, the degree ofinterstrand cross linkage more closely correlated with cytotoxicityThe trans-isomer is actually more mutagenic. The mechanism of the specificity forcertain tumors which alkylating agents such as Cisplatin displayis not understood inview of the wide spectrum ofreactions in which these compounds take part. It would appear that the platinum coordinationcompounds as alkylating agents, must react with very specific sites to produce their characteristic effects.CLIFTONORR, JOSEPH E. STONE, and MAXINEL.POLK, Department 0/Pharmacology and Interdisciplinary Toxicology, University ofArkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205.FIRST HOST PLANT RECORDS FOR Chelysomidea guttata (HERRICH-SCHAEFFER)(HEMIPTERA:SCUTELLERIDAE), WITH NOTES ON THE BIOLOGYANDDISTRIBUTIONChelysomidea is primarilya tropical-subtropical genus distributed from the southern United States through Mexico, Central America, andinto South America. As with most genera of Scutelleridae, little work has been done with Chelysomidea aside from species descriptions. Thepurpose of this paper is to report host plant data and new information concerning the biology of C. guttata.C. guttata has been collected from the southern parts ofLouisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Georgia; throughout Florida; and from easternNorth and South Carolina. One other species in this genus, C. stictica (Dallas), is known to occur in the United States from a small area in thevicinityof Brownsville, Texas, which is thought to be the northern limits ofits range (Lattin, The Scutellerinae of America north of Mexico(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Pentatomidae), Unpubl. Ph.D. dissertation, p. 350, 1964).Blatchley (Heteroptera or true bugs of eastern North America with especial reference to faunas of Indiana and Florida, p.1116, 1926) reportedC. guttata being collected fromIpomoea pes-caprae (Roth) and scrub oak inFlorida. Lattin(1964) reported collecting the species from Kosteletzkyavirginica (L.) in South Carolina and from Althaea rosea (Cav.) in Florida. No feeding activity for C. guttata has previously been reported.Adults and late nymphal instars were observed feeding on Croton capitatus (Michx.) and C. glandulosus (L.) in September of 1982 inChoctaw County, Alabama and Covington County, Mississippi. Allfive nymphal instars as well as adults were found onall parts ofCroton butmainly in groups on the flowering portion of the plants. Gregarious adults and late nymphal instars were also observed.Several liveadults and nymphs were collected from C. capitatus and C. glandulosus and brought back to the laboratory for rearing. Differentstages of nymphal instars were separated and put inpint mason jars with screen tops. Field collected adults were sexed and placed inmason jars,two pairs per jar. Nymphal instars and adults were first fed fresh green beans and raw peanuts. McPherson (The Pentatomoidea [Hemiptera] ofnortheastern North America with emphasis on the fauna ofIllinois,p. 240, 1982) reviewed the literature concerning lab rearing practices for thePentatomoidea. A high mortality rate occurred within the first month of rearing. Inan effort to reduce high mortality, C. capitatus, which isabundant innortheastern Arkansas, was collected and placed inthe mason jars in lieu ofgreen beans and peanuts. The insects fed on floweringportions of C. capitatus which were clipped and placed insmall test tubes filled with water. Cotton was used to plug the openings of the test tubes.Food along withpaper towellingwas replaced three times a week or as necessary. Alljars were washed once a week. Specimens were incubatedat 25 ± 1°C, 12:12 LD photoperiod and ambient humidity.The purpose ofrearing efforts was to determine the lengthof the development of the insect, from egg to adult stage, and to determine thelengthofeach individual instar. This part ofour study was not completed due to the highmortality rate which occurred withinthe first month of rearing.A pair ofinsects was observed mating on January 3, 1983, but as yet no eggs have been deposited. Further collections of C. guttata willbe made in order to continue the study into the life cycle of this insect.JULIA L.REIDand HARVEYE. BARTON, Department ofBiologicalSciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467.FIRST REPORT OF BRAZILIANFREE-TAILED BATMATERNITYCOLONIES INARKANSASThree maternity colonies of the Brazilian free-tailed bat (Molossidae: Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala) have been found in centralArkansas. Previously reported records of Tadarida in Arkansas are of individual specimens collected from Ashley, Hempstead and Pulaskicounties, either roosting singly or in maternity colonies of the evening bat, Nycticeius humeralis (Sealander, Aguide to Arkansas mammals, pp.99-102, 1979; Sealander and Price, J. Mamm., 45:152, 1964).On July 28, 1982 we investigated a reported bat infestation in the attic of an old two story apartment buildingin downtown Hot Springs,Garland County. The colony was estimated to have contained 100 individuals. Forty-two bats were captured, examined and released. Sixof thebats captured were volant juvenile Tadarida and three were volant juvenile Nycticeius. Juvenile status was determined bynon-closure of the epiphysesof the third and fourth digits. Allbats were roosting on the west wall of the attic at the ceiling joist/rafter junction, rendering them extremelydifficult to capture. When a light was shone in this area, many of the bats moved outside the attic proper and roosted behind an exterior facerboard. It was from behind this facer board that most ofthe bats launched themselves into flight when initiating their nightly foraging activities.During January, 1983, a check of this roost revealed a portion of the colony used the attic as overwintering quarters.The second maternity site was found in the attic ofan old dormitory buildingon the campus ofCentral Baptist College inConway, FaulknerCounty, during October, 1982 and represents the northern most distribution of Tadarida reported in Arkansas. The colony numbered severalhundred individuals and used a 30 centimeter wide air space between a double brick wall and the ceiling joist/rafter junction at the edge of theattic for roosting. Similar roosting sites were selected by Tadarida inLouisiana (LaVal, Am. Midi.Nat., 89:112-120, 1973). Both of these roostingsites were located on the west side of the building and warmed considerably during afternoon hours. Judging from the guano that has accumulatedto a depth of over 30 centimeters in places, the colony had probably inhabited the attic for a number of years. Verification of this roost as a98Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 37 [1983], Art. 40Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1983Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXVII,1983 99General Notesmaternity site was accomplished by sifting through guano piles and recovering skeletal and mummified remains of juvenile Tadarida during thefall of 1982.Several hundred newborn Tadarida, many with umbilicus stillattached, were observed and voucher specimens collected in June, 1983 (specimensdeposited in UALRMZ). The colony shared its maternity and hibernating quarters with approximately 500 (October estimate) big brown bats,Eptesicus fuscus. Eptesicus roosted near the apex of the attic or high up on the sloping rafters in more open areas, segregating themselves fromthe free-tails. However, inboth October, 1982 and March, 1983, several Eptesicus and Tadarida were observed roosting side by side on raftershalfway between the two colonies and during the maternity period juveniles and adults of both species often shared roosting sites. ApparentlyEptesicus has occupied these same areas of the attic during maternity periods as skeletal remains of juveniles and adults littered the manure pilesbelow. Mixed roosting of these two species inman-made structures has been reported as a common occurrence from the western states according toBarbour and Davis (Bats of America, p. 209, 1969).The third maternity site was located inthe old lion house of the Little Rock Zoo inPulaski county. The exact size of the colony was unknown,but Zoo personnel reported the accumulation of dislodged juveniles on the floor of the building as a daily occurrence during the pre-volantmaternity period. Roosting sites selected by this colony were similar to those previously described. Aportion of the colony overwintered in thebuildingas evidenced by the capture ofadult females inmist nets which had been set up to remove sparrows from the building inFebruary, 1983(pers. comm., Bob Cooper, Zoo Director).The close proximity of this colony to the University ofArkansas Medical Science campus probably explains the 1962 occurrence ofan adultfemale Tadarida captured while roosting on the latticework ofa research building(Sealander and Price, 1964).The presence of these colonies have resulted in two additional county distribution records (Faulkner and Garland), firmlyestablished thespecies as a resident mammal and extended the known northern distribution of the bat approximately 40 kilometers within the state.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors gratefully acknowledge the help of Mike McKinney, Don Floyd and John Seales of Hot Springs AnimalControl, Bob Jines, Belinda Wunderlin-Jonak, Bob Cooper, Director, Little Rock Zoo and David Westbrook, Little RockZoo. This research project was sponsored, in part, by the U.S. Forest Service (Ouachita National Forest) and a UniversityofArkansas at Little Rock Faculty Research Grant, and the UALR Office of Research, Science and Technology.KID A. SAUGEY, United States Forest Service, Hot Springs, AR 71901; DARRELL HEATH, CLARK EFAW and GARY HEIDT,rtment ofBiology, University ofArkansas-Little Rock, LittleRock, AR 72204; and TERESA E. BEGGS, DivisionofNursing, Garland Countymunity College, Hot Springs, AR 71901.ZOOPLANKTON POPULATION STRUCTURE IN THREE RESERVOIRSNEAR THE OUACHITA MOUNTAIN- GULF COASTAL PLAIN INTERFACEZooplankton are important food for young-of-the-year and certain adult fish and may serve as an indicator of trophic status (McNaught,Verh, int. Ver. Limnol. 19:724-731, 1975). In1979, the National Reservoir Research Program and the Waterways Experiment Station of the U.S.ArmyCorps ofEngineers conducted a cooperative study of the effects ofreservoir operations on tailwater environments. The study included seasonalmeasurements of water quality and zooplankton populations in three reservoirs (Pine Creek Lake, Oklahoma; and Gillham and Greeson Lakes,tThe lakes are in different river drainages near the interface of the Ouachita Mountains and the Gulf Coastal Plain physiographic provinces.Creek and Gillham Lakes are multi-purpose, flood control impoundments in the Little River system. Pine Creek Lake (2,023 ha) is a mainstemfoir on the Little River in southeast Oklahoma; Gillham Lake (554 ha) impounds the Cossatot River in southwest Arkansas; and Lake Greeson0ha), is a Corps ofEngineers hydroelectric project on the LittleMissouri River in the Ouachita River basin in west central Arkansas. Selectedcochemical characteristics of the three lakes include low conductivity (34-52 umhos/cm), low alkalinity (6-13 mg/1 as CaCOj), and nearlyal pH (ca. 6.5).tin 1979, zooplankton densities were estimated for Pine Creek Lake from April through November, for Gillham Lake from June throughber, and for Lake Greeson from May through October. Vertical tows at depths of 15-10 m, 10-5 m, and 5-0 m were made with an 0.08-mm,0.3-m closing net. Samples were immediately preserved in3% formalin. Two 1-ml subsamples were later placed in a Sedgwick-Rafterting cell where all organisms were identified and counted. Dry weight biomass estimates (from the upper stratum) were calculated byregressionlions (Dumont et al., Oecologie 19:75-97, 1975). Cladocera and Rotifera (except Conochilidae) were identified to species, and Copepoda wereified to suborder. Allestimates were expanded to number and milligrams per cubic meter.tDaphnia rosea, D.catawba, Leydigia quadrangularis, and Synchaeta sp. were found only in Gillham Lake, where a total of 12 species of•cerans and 17 species ofrotifers were collected. Daphnia galeata mendotae and Keratella americana were collected only in Lake Greeson,e 9cladoceran and 17 rotifer species were identified. Nine cladoceran and 18 rotifer species were found inPine Creek Lake. Copepoda rankedin density throughout the study period (Table); however, comparisons of the copepod suborders (Calanoida and Cyclopoida) to the cladoceranotifer genera were not considered valid, and relationships were not analyzed. Chaoborus appeared in zooplankton collections from all threevoirs.» Zooplankton densities in the upper stratum of Pine Creek Lake peaked in spring and early summer (Figure). Conochilidae were the mostidant zooplankters throughout the sampling period (Table), and composed over 50% of the population during Apriland July. However, Daphniaula (23%) and Holopedium amazonicum (29%) were responsible for the greatest biomass in Apriland July, respectively.§Population densities of rotifers, copepods, and cladocerans peaked in the upper stratum of Gillham Lake simultaneously in July. Thelations progressively decreased through the fall. Conochilidae and Kellicottia bostoniensis were the most abundant zooplankters (Table).oedium amazonicum composed the greatest mean biomass, although itdominated the biomass (65%) onlyin June. Hexarthra mira,Ceriodaphniaand Daphnia ambigua and D. Laevis contributed the greatest biomass in July, September, and October, respectively.¦ In Lake Greeson, the copepods peaked in May, rotifers in July, and cladocerans in September. Total zooplankton densities were highestbiomass lowest in the upper stratum during July (Figure), when Collotheca sp. made up 90% of the total density and 44% of the total biomass.99Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 37 [1983], Art. 40http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol37/iss1/40

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First Report of Brazilian Free-tailed Bat Maternity Colonies in Arkansas

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