Rouse, E. Phil

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 19 Article 91965Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansas (Lepidoptera;family Papilionidae)E. Phil RouseUniversity of Arkansas, FayettevilleFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Entomology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academyof Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationRouse, E. Phil (1965) "Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansas (Lepidoptera; family Papilionidae)," Journal of the Arkansas Academy ofScience: Vol. 19 , Article 9.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol19/iss1/937Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. 19, 1965THE SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES OF ARKANSAS(LEPIDOPTERA; FAMILY PAPILIONIDAE)E. Phil Rouse*University of ArkansasSix species of swallowtails are found in Arkansas, and are amongle most common butterflies in the state. They have knobbed antennaend characteristic long-tail like projections at the posterior edge of thelind wings. These butterflies are medium to large with the fully spreadwings measuring 2-5 inches. The papilionids may be separated fromther butterflies by the 4-branched cubitus in the front wing, and byle two anal veins in the front wing and only one in the hind wing.KEY TO THE PAPILIONIDAE OF ARKANSAS**I. (a) Striped greenish white on brownish black: red spot at anal angleof hind wing. Long tail. Zebra swallowtail, Papilio marcellusCr.(b) Color combinations not as above - 2(a) Males yellow with black pattern, hind wing with some blue sub-marginally, or, males often match females. Underside of femalereflects the dark wing pattern of the male. Upperside of femalefront wing black with one row of submarginal yellow spots alongwith a row of blue spots medially. Hind wing with two orangespots, and may also have a slight orange color in the submarginalspots Tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus Linn.(b) Color combinations not as above, mostly black with blue or yel-low spots 3I. (a) Black or dark brown with a medial yellow spot or band. Noblue present above except in hind wing with a vestigal spotanterior to the small orange spot in the anal region. Blue later-ally across hind wing beneath. Large butterflies with a wingspread of 4-4 V2 inches. Three orange spots underneath the hindwing, two of them side by side in center of the wingGiant swallowtail, Papilio cresphontes Cr.(b) Black with blue or yellow spots in the front wing and with bluemedial in the hind wing 4*Mr. Rouse is curator of the Entomological Museum, University ofArkansas.I*This key is prepared especially for the use of the collectors of Arkan-sas swallowtail butterflies. Ifan identification of an exotic speciesis needed, specimens may be sent to the Department of EntomologyMuseum, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas. 37Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 19 [1965], Art. 9Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 196538Arkansas Academy of Science ProceedingsIa) Black with yellow spots; two full rows and a partial 3rd rowof yellow spots in front wing. Hind wing with one orange spotwith black center in the anal region; a vestige of orange spotmay be present in the cubital region. Upperside of hind wingwith a submarginal blue spot or bandBlack swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll.r) Black with yellow or grey spots in front wing. No medial spotspresent or if so not yellow and are indistinct 5Ia) Black or blue-black with a row of submarginal spots which aresmall, gray, and indistinct in front wing. Hind wing from upperview with no orange spots. Underside of hind wing brilliantmetallic blue with orange and black spots ..Pipe Vine swallowtail, Papilio philenor Linn.b) Black with blue-grey to blue on hind wing. One row of sub-marginal yellow spots and an indistinct row of median spots asviewed from above, but can be readily seen from beneath. Hindwing above has costal and anal orange spots. Hind wing be-neath has two rows of orange spots superimposed on blue-greenSpicebush swallowtail Papilio troilus Linn.IThe Zebra Swallowtail, Papilio marcellus Cr. is a beautiful longd brownish grey and white striped butterfly. Because it feedsnsively on papaw (Asimina triloba), the more mountainous regionsre papaw is abundant, may be more heavily populated than theiregions of Arkansas. This species shows great seasonal variation,can not be confused with any other North American species.IThe Tiger Swallowtail, Papilio glaucus Linn., is a large yellow but-ly with black stripes in the front wing and hind wing margins, butome of the males of this species the color pattern is very similar todark bluish-black females. These beautiful butterflies may readilytaken along streams and water courses in the summer and fall astheir preferred hosts are Wild Cherry (Prunus), Birch (Betula), Popular(Populus), and various other trees and shrubs commonly found nearstreams. Its attraction to garden flowers brings it into cities and towns,although it is typically a butterfly of woods and savannahs.kThe Giant Swallowtail, Papilio cresphontes Cr. Feed largely onin the Southern United States and prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum) inJorth. It is a large dark-colored butterfly with yellow spots on thes. It is somewhat migratory and is likely to be collected in placese other papilionids are taken. It is best collected from flowers.The Spicebush Swallowtail, Papilio troilus Linn., is also somewhatmigratory, and is not difficult to collect from most of the regions ofKnsas. The Spicebush (Benzoin), and ornamental shrubs in towns aredefoliated by its voracious larvae. Since this species also feedsassafras (Sassafras), it may be widely distributed. It is seenionly near shady woods or mud puddles. This species is blackish, 38Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 19 [1965], Art. 9http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol19/iss1/939Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansaswith a row of yellowish spots, and with extensive blue-grey areas inthe rear half of the hind wings.Papilio philenor Linn, the Pine Vine Swallowtail is largely blackwith the hind wings shading into metallic green posteriorly. The larvaeeed on Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia serpentaria and A. macrophylla)a climbing shrub from which the species derives its name. The adultsmay be collected in the summer from button bush which grows usuallywhere moisture is abundant. The adults like to light on flowers whichhey visit avidly.The Black (or Parsnip) Swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll.s black with two rows and a partial third row of yellow submarginalspots on the front wing. The larvae feed on carrots, parsley, and otherrelated plants. The adults of this species are also greatly attractedto flowers. It can usually be collected from fields, roadsides, meadows,gardens, and open spaces.larvae of the papilionids are smooth bodied and have scentlands, or osmeteria which give off a disagreeable odor. They evertlese from the upper part of the prothorax when disturbed.I There may be several generations per year. All species overwinters pupae in the form of a naked chrysalis, attached to plant stems byle tail and supported by a loose silken girdle about the middle.39Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 19 [1965], Art. 9Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1965

Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansas (Lepidoptera; family Papilionidae)

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 19 Article 9 1965 Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansas (Lepidoptera; family Papilionidae) E. Phil Rouse University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Entomology Commons, and the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Rouse, E. Phil (1965) "Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansas (Lepidoptera; family Papilionidae)," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 19 , Article 9. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol19/iss1/9 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. 37Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. 19, 1965THE SWALLOWTAIL BUTTERFLIES OF ARKANSAS(LEPIDOPTERA; FAMILY PAPILIONIDAE)E. Phil Rouse*University of ArkansasSix species of swallowtails are found in Arkansas, and are amongle most common butterflies in the state. They have knobbed antennaend characteristic long-tail like projections at the posterior edge of thelind wings. These butterflies are medium to large with the fully spreadwings measuring 2-5 inches. The papilionids may be separated fromther butterflies by the 4-branched cubitus in the front wing, and byle two anal veins in the front wing and only one in the hind wing.KEY TO THE PAPILIONIDAE OF ARKANSAS**I. (a) Striped greenish white on brownish black: red spot at anal angleof hind wing. Long tail. Zebra swallowtail, Papilio marcellusCr.(b) Color combinations not as above - 2(a) Males yellow with black pattern, hind wing with some blue sub-marginally, or, males often match females. Underside of femalereflects the dark wing pattern of the male. Upperside of femalefront wing black with one row of submarginal yellow spots alongwith a row of blue spots medially. Hind wing with two orangespots, and may also have a slight orange color in the submarginalspots Tiger swallowtail, Papilio glaucus Linn.(b) Color combinations not as above, mostly black with blue or yel-low spots 3I.(a) Black or dark brown with a medial yellow spot or band. Noblue present above except in hind wing with a vestigal spotanterior to the small orange spot in the anal region. Blue later-ally across hind wing beneath. Large butterflies with a wingspread of 4-4 V2 inches. Three orange spots underneath the hindwing, two of them side by side in center of the wingGiant swallowtail, Papilio cresphontes Cr.(b) Black with blue or yellow spots in the front wing and with bluemedial in the hind wing 4*Mr. Rouse is curator of the Entomological Museum, University ofArkansas.I*Thiskey is prepared especially for the use of the collectors of Arkan-sas swallowtail butterflies. Ifan identification of an exotic speciesis needed, specimens may be sent to the Department of EntomologyMuseum, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas. 37Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 19 [1965], Art. 9Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 196538Arkansas Academy of Science ProceedingsIa) Black with yellow spots; two full rows and a partial 3rd rowof yellow spots in front wing. Hind wing with one orange spotwith black center in the anal region; a vestige of orange spotmay be present in the cubital region. Upperside of hind wingwith a submarginal blue spot or bandBlack swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll.r) Black with yellow or grey spots in front wing. No medial spotspresent or if so not yellow and are indistinct 5Ia) Black or blue-black with a row of submarginal spots which aresmall, gray, and indistinct in front wing. Hind wing from upperview with no orange spots. Underside of hind wing brilliantmetallic blue with orange and black spots ..Pipe Vine swallowtail, Papilio philenor Linn.b) Black with blue-grey to blue on hind wing. One row of sub-marginal yellow spots and an indistinct row of median spots asviewed from above, but can be readily seen from beneath. Hindwing above has costal and anal orange spots. Hind wing be-neath has two rows of orange spots superimposed on blue-greenSpicebush swallowtail Papilio troilus Linn.IThe Zebra Swallowtail, Papilio marcellus Cr. is a beautiful longd brownish grey and white striped butterfly. Because it feedsnsively on papaw (Asimina triloba), the more mountainous regionsre papaw is abundant, may be more heavily populated than theiregions of Arkansas. This species shows great seasonal variation,can not be confused with any other North American species.IThe Tiger Swallowtail, Papilio glaucus Linn., is a large yellow but-ly with black stripes in the front wing and hind wing margins, butome of the males of this species the color pattern is very similar todark bluish-black females. These beautiful butterflies may readilytaken along streams and water courses in the summer and fall astheir preferred hosts are Wild Cherry (Prunus), Birch (Betula), Popular(Populus), and various other trees and shrubs commonly found nearstreams. Its attraction to garden flowers brings it into cities and towns,although it is typically a butterfly of woods and savannahs.kTheGiant Swallowtail, Papilio cresphontes Cr. Feed largely onin the Southern United States and prickly Ash (Zanthoxylum) inJorth. It is a large dark-colored butterfly with yellow spots on thes. It is somewhat migratory and is likely to be collected in placese other papilionids are taken. It is best collected from flowers.The Spicebush Swallowtail, Papilio troilus Linn., is also somewhatmigratory, and is not difficult to collect from most of the regions ofKnsas. TheSpicebush (Benzoin), and ornamental shrubs in towns aredefoliated by its voracious larvae. Since this species also feedsassafras (Sassafras), it may be widely distributed. It is seenionly near shady woods or mud puddles. This species is blackish, 38Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 19 [1965], Art. 9https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol19/iss1/939Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansaswith a row of yellowish spots, and with extensive blue-grey areas inthe rear half of the hind wings.Papilio philenor Linn, the Pine Vine Swallowtail is largely blackwith the hind wings shading into metallic green posteriorly. The larvaeeed on Dutchman's pipe (Aristolochia serpentaria and A. macrophylla)a climbing shrub from which the species derives its name. The adultsmay be collected in the summer from button bush which grows usuallywhere moisture is abundant. The adults like to light on flowers whichhey visit avidly.The Black (or Parsnip) Swallowtail, Papilio polyxenes asterius Stoll.s black with two rows and a partial third row of yellow submarginalspots on the front wing. The larvae feed on carrots, parsley, and otherrelated plants. The adults of this species are also greatly attractedto flowers. It can usually be collected from fields, roadsides, meadows,gardens, and open spaces.larvae of the papilionids are smooth bodied and have scentlands, or osmeteria which give off a disagreeable odor. They evertlese from the upper part of the prothorax when disturbed.I There may be several generations per year. All species overwinters pupae in the form of a naked chrysalis, attached to plant stems byle tail and supported by a loose silken girdle about the middle.39Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 19 [1965], Art. 9Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1965

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Swallowtail Butterflies of Arkansas (Lepidoptera; family Papilionidae)

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