Hanebrink, Earl L.

Wortham, J.W. Ed

English

UARK (University of Arkansas )

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 24 Article 25 1970 Road-Kill Census of Mammals in Northeastern Arkansas J.W. Ed Wortham Arkansas State University Earl L. Hanebrink Arkansas State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Wortham, J.W. Ed and Hanebrink, Earl L. (1970) "Road-Kill Census of Mammals in Northeastern Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 24 , Article 25. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol24/iss1/25 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. loped, apparently another case of a non-target organ-km being selected for resistance.After 25 years of heavy insecticide usage on cottonL Arkansas, several pest insects and mites have deve-Lped resistance to the 3 principal groups of insecticides.,nclmiticides: the chlorinated hydrocarbons, the organ-phosphorous compounds, and the carbamates.The first reaction of the farmer to resistance is toincrease the dosage and frequency of insecticide appli-cation. During the brief period that this approach ispartially effective, it exaggerates the problem of environ-mental contamination.I Cotton is in dire straits economically. Every effortis being made to reduced the cost of production. Butthe resistance problem adds to the cost of production.Cotton insects are the subject of this presentation, butthe situation is similar for many of our food and feedcrops. Furthermore, a pest species may develop a highlevel of resistance from exposure to insecticides on cot-ton, making it difficult to control on other crops. Exam-ples include cabbage looper on greens crops and boll-worm on soybeans.It is neither cheap nor easy to discover new chemi-cal groupings that willcontrol insects and meet accept-able standards of safety and economics. Several yearsand millions of dollars are required to carry out the re-search to serve as the basis for registration. Prospectsare so discouraging that at least 4 major companieshave closed their primary synthesis and screening lab-oratories in the past 3 years.It appears unlikely that new insecticides can be syn-thesized and developed rapidly enough to offset the pre-sent rate of obsolescence of insecticides through re-sistance. More realistic requirements on registration ofnew insecticides would help, but would not solve theproblem. Biological insecticides (bacteria, viruses, etc.)are under more stringent registration restrictions thanare chemical insecticides.There are many exciting possibilities of insect con-trol that do not depend upon conventional insecticides.There are only a few proven successes to date. To ade-quately implement these new approaches in terms ofpractical insect control will require many years, tre-mendous investments in research, and a high level ofcooperation by many disciplines of the biological andphysical sciences.SUMMARYIn 25 years of heavy insecticide usage on cotton inArkansas, resistance has become a problem with severalpest insects and mites to the 3 principal groups of in-secticides and miticides: the chlornated hydrocarbons,the organophosphorns compounds, and the carbamates.Development of control measures, chemical or other-wise, is not proceeding at a sufficiently rapid pace tostay ahead of the problem posed by insect resistanceto insecticides.ARoad-Kill Census ofMammals inNortheastern ArkansasJ. W. Ed Wortham' and Earl L. HanebrinkBox 67, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas 72767INTRODUCTIONIIt is the purpose of this study to investigate speciesiposition and numbers of mammals killed on selectediways in northeastern Arkansas. Roadside counts haven used by wildlife personnel to determine populationces for areas under study for a wide variety of gamecies. Hendrickson (1939) was the first to describeroadside census as an inventory method for rabbits,ht (1959) used roadside counts to estimate state-s rabbit population trends in Missouri. Regulardetermined highway routes were driven in an auto-Jile at a prescribed time of day and rabbits werented per mile. Lord (1955, 1961) used the roadsideK(l)Present address: Dept. of Zoology, Southern Illi-Univ., Carbondale, III.census method to count rabbits in Illinois and madecomparisons of censuses taken during early morning andnight. Newman (1959) reported on weather factors in-fluencing the roadside counts of cottontail rabbits.Ornithologists have used the roadside census tech-nique for many years. Nice and Nice (1921) used thismethod to study Oklahoma bird populations as early as1920. Since their pioneer studies, this technique hasbeen used by a number of research workers. Kendeigh(1944) evaluated the roadside census in relation to othertypes of censuses used in studying birds. Dice (1938,1952) thoroughly discussed and compared numerouscensus methods. Howell (1951) made detailed studiesusing relative conspicuousness in determining bird num-bers along roadsides in Tennessee. The roadside censusis used as a method of determining relative abundanceand not absolute abundance. Variability of roadside cen-Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXIV,197067Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 24 [1970], Art. 25Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1970suses have been reported on by Peterle and Eherhardt(1958).An Annual Progress Report, W-29-R ¦ 14(1966-67), conducted in Louisiana contains many road-side censuses taken in that state of both living and deadwildlifespecies including the cottontail rabbit. This tech-nique has been used for determining relative abundancefor a number of game species in many areas of theUnited States by wildlife biologists.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSome of the censuses taken for this study were com-pleted by Bob R. Singleton and James R. Grissom, grad-uate students at Arkansas State University. Dr. MaxNickerson critically read the manuscript. The writers aregrateful for their assistance.METHODSA total count of species of wildlife mammals wastaken by automobile census during early morning andlate afternoon on highways in northeastern Arkansas.Counties where censuses were conducted included Clay,Greene, Craighead, Poinsett, and Jackson. Secondaryblacktop delta roads transversing slash-cleared agricult-ural areas were mainly utilized for this study. Thecensus period extended from September 1969 throughMarch 1970 .DESCRIPTION OF AREAAll of northeastern Arkansas is extensive delta withthe exception of Crowley's Ridge. The flat land reachesto the base of the Ouachita hills at the edge of NorthLittle Rock. It then continues north into southeasternMissouri and south into Louisiana without any naturalbreak. Crowley's Ridge runs for a distance of 200 milesfrom southeastern Missouri down to the MississippiRiver at Helena, Arkansas. Accounts of the geology ofCrowley's Ridge are given by Call (1889). Magill (1958)summarized the various theories concerning the origjnof the ridge.DISCUSSION AND RESULTSLowland deciduous woods in northeastern Arkansasare being destroyed at a rapid rate by slash clearance.These once swampy areas are being drained and clearedfor fields to be planted in cotton, soybeans, and rice.Destruction of swampy woods has decreased wildlifehabitats over this vast area of the state for most speciesof mammals so that many are forced into poor coveralong the edge of the roadside where one of their great-est dangers is the automobile.Mortality of wildlife species, caused by the auto-mobile, is not an entire loss to the area in terms of en-ergy loss within the biotic community. These dead mam-mals are eaten by species of hawks and the CommonCrow. There is a large population of Red-tailed Hawksin northeastern Arkansas during the fall and wintermonths. Many of these can be observed from the road-side perched on a tree or telephone pole. During earlymorning hours on several occasions, the Common Crowwas observed feeding on dead rabbits killed by auto-mobiles. It is apparent that one of the greatest enemiesof the cottontail rabbit, opossum, and skunk is the auto-mobile.During this census 10,025 miles were driven and atotal of 438 dead mammals were counted. The averagemammal kill per 100 miles was 4.37 (Table 1). Twelvespecies of mammals were recorded as roadside kill.Theseincluded 263 rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus and Sylvila-gus aquaticus), 108 opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) 42skunks (Mephitis mephitis), eight gray squirrels (Sciuruscaralinensus), six raccoons (Procyon lotor), four mus-krats (Ondatra zibethicus), two fox squirrels (Sciurusniger), two Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), one cottonrat (Sigmodon hispidus), one red fox (Vulpes fulva),and one coyote (Canis latrans).TABLE 1. ROADSIDE CENSUS OF TOTAL MAMMALKILL FROM SEPTEMBER 1969 TO MARCH 1970E C- - -XMONTH NO. Ml. TOTAL KILL g £ M 9 J £ 2? £ « & cTRAVELED PER 100 Ml. | | | g | g||*| "g f §* f ~September 686 3.79 5 15 4-2October 987 5.27 23 23 3 2 1November 1458 5.76 50 21 9 3 1December 1809 5.31 83 4 4 1 3 1January 1750 1.71 23 7 1-11February 2041 3.43 33 20 12 ....March 1294 6.18 41 21 10- 4 4Total 10025 4.37 263 108 42 6 4 2 8 11 2 168 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXIV, 197068Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 24 [1970], Art. 25https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol24/iss1/25Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXIV, 1970 69Total mammal killper 100 miles was highest duringMarch with an average of 6.18 per 100 miles, and thelowest counts were in January with an average of 1.71per 100 miles. The January low count possibly reflectsless movement of opossums and skunks as they are notas active during the colder weather. The rabbit countof 23 for January was also lower than other censusmonths. Early low counts of rabbit mortality duringSeptember and October may be accounted for in partbecause of large acreage of crops and cover remainingin most fields. As these areas are harvested, much ofthe cover is destroyed forcing the rabbits to move aboutin search of better cover.SUMMARYA roadside census of mammal kill was conducted innortheastern Arkansas from September 1969 throughMarch 1970. Some 10,025 miles were driven, and atotal of 438 dead mammals were censused. An averageof 4.37 mammals were killed per 100 miles. Twelvespecies of mammals were recorded as roadside killswith rabbits having the greatest mortality.CITED LITERATUREtnualProgress Report, W-29-R-14. 1966-67. A Pitt-man-Robertson Project. Louisiana StatewideWildlife Investigations. Louisiana Wildlife andFisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, La. 155p.til, Richard Ellsworth. 1891. Crowley's Ridge. Ark.Geol. Surv. Ann. Report 2:22.Dice, Lee R. 1938. Some census methods for mammals.J. Witdl. Mgmt. 2: 119-130.Dice, Lee R. 1952. Natural communities. Univ. of Michi-gan Press, Ann Arbor. 547p.Hendrickson, George O. 1939. Inventory methods forMearns cottontail. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. Trans.4: 209-215.Howell, Joseph C. 1951. The roadside census as amethod of measuring bird populations. Auk. 68:334-357.Kendeigh, S. Charles. 1944. Measurements of bird popu-lations. Ecol. Monogr. 14: 69-106.Lord, Rexford D. Jr. 1959. Comparison of early morn-ing and spotlight roadside censuses for cotton-tails. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 23 (4): 458-60.Lord, Rexford D. Jr. 1961. Seasonal changes in road-side activity of cottontails. J. Wildl. Mgmt.25(2): 206-209.Magill, Arthur C. 1958. Geography and geology of thesoutheast Missouri lowlands. Ramfre Press, CapeGirardeau, Mo. 62p.Newman, D. E. 1959. Factors influencing the winterroadside count of cottontail. J. Wildl. Mgmt.23(3): 290-294.Nice, Margaret M., and L. B. Nice. 1921. The roadsidecensus. Wilson Bull. 33: 113-123.Peterle, T. J. and L. Eherhardt. 1959. Is the Lincolnindex reliable for cottontail census. Trans. 24th.N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 261-271.Wight, H. M. 1959. Eleven years of rabbit populationdata in Missouri. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 23(1): 34-39.Notes on the Habitat and Distribution of theOdonata of Franklin County, Arkansasby Jim HoustonWestark Junior College, Fort Smith, Arkansas 72901INTRODUCTION(Thereis no publication dealing with the OdonataArkansas on a state-wide basis. Information on odo-:es in this state is scattered in the literature, and itusually found only in broad regional works with onlyidental mention of Arkansas.The ranges of a few species are listed as extendingto Arkansas by Hagen (1861), and by Muttkowski(1910). Needham and Heywood (1929) list six speciesof Odonata for the State, and Needham and Westfall(1955) list eleven species of the Anisoptera.The most significant contributions on Arkansas Odo-nata are a list included in "Predaceous insects, spiders,and mites of Arkansas cotton fields", by Whitcomb andBell (1964), which includes twenty-six species of the69Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 24 [1970], Art. 25Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1970

Road-Kill Census of Mammals in Northeastern Arkansas

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 24 Article 251970Road-Kill Census of Mammals in NortheasternArkansasJ.W. Ed WorthamArkansas State UniversityEarl L. HanebrinkArkansas State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Zoology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academyof Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationWortham, J.W. Ed and Hanebrink, Earl L. (1970) "Road-Kill Census of Mammals in Northeastern Arkansas," Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science: Vol. 24 , Article 25.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol24/iss1/25loped, apparently another case of a non-target organ-km being selected for resistance.After 25 years of heavy insecticide usage on cottonL Arkansas, several pest insects and mites have deve-Lped resistance to the 3 principal groups of insecticides.,nclmiticides: the chlorinated hydrocarbons, the organ-phosphorous compounds, and the carbamates.The first reaction of the farmer to resistance is toincrease the dosage and frequency of insecticide appli-cation. During the brief period that this approach ispartially effective, it exaggerates the problem of environ-mental contamination.I Cotton is in dire straits economically. Every effortis being made to reduced the cost of production. Butthe resistance problem adds to the cost of production.Cotton insects are the subject of this presentation, butthe situation is similar for many of our food and feedcrops. Furthermore, a pest species may develop a highlevel of resistance from exposure to insecticides on cot-ton, making it difficult to control on other crops. Exam-ples include cabbage looper on greens crops and boll-worm on soybeans.It is neither cheap nor easy to discover new chemi-cal groupings that willcontrol insects and meet accept-able standards of safety and economics. Several yearsand millions of dollars are required to carry out the re-search to serve as the basis for registration. Prospectsare so discouraging that at least 4 major companieshave closed their primary synthesis and screening lab-oratories in the past 3 years.It appears unlikely that new insecticides can be syn-thesized and developed rapidly enough to offset the pre-sent rate of obsolescence of insecticides through re-sistance. More realistic requirements on registration ofnew insecticides would help, but would not solve theproblem. Biological insecticides (bacteria, viruses, etc.)are under more stringent registration restrictions thanare chemical insecticides.There are many exciting possibilities of insect con-trol that do not depend upon conventional insecticides.There are only a few proven successes to date. To ade-quately implement these new approaches in terms ofpractical insect control will require many years, tre-mendous investments in research, and a high level ofcooperation by many disciplines of the biological andphysical sciences.SUMMARYIn 25 years of heavy insecticide usage on cotton inArkansas, resistance has become a problem with severalpest insects and mites to the 3 principal groups of in-secticides and miticides: the chlornated hydrocarbons,the organophosphorns compounds, and the carbamates.Development of control measures, chemical or other-wise, is not proceeding at a sufficiently rapid pace tostay ahead of the problem posed by insect resistanceto insecticides.ARoad-Kill Census ofMammals inNortheastern ArkansasJ. W. Ed Wortham' and Earl L. HanebrinkBox 67, Arkansas State University, State University, Arkansas 72767INTRODUCTIONIIt is the purpose of this study to investigate speciesiposition and numbers of mammals killed on selectediways in northeastern Arkansas. Roadside counts haven used by wildlife personnel to determine populationces for areas under study for a wide variety of gamecies. Hendrickson (1939) was the first to describeroadside census as an inventory method for rabbits,ht (1959) used roadside counts to estimate state-s rabbit population trends in Missouri. Regulardetermined highway routes were driven in an auto-Jile at a prescribed time of day and rabbits werented per mile. Lord (1955, 1961) used the roadsideK(l)Present address: Dept. of Zoology, Southern Illi-Univ., Carbondale, III.census method to count rabbits in Illinois and madecomparisons of censuses taken during early morning andnight. Newman (1959) reported on weather factors in-fluencing the roadside counts of cottontail rabbits.Ornithologists have used the roadside census tech-nique for many years. Nice and Nice (1921) used thismethod to study Oklahoma bird populations as early as1920. Since their pioneer studies, this technique hasbeen used by a number of research workers. Kendeigh(1944) evaluated the roadside census in relation to othertypes of censuses used in studying birds. Dice (1938,1952) thoroughly discussed and compared numerouscensus methods. Howell (1951) made detailed studiesusing relative conspicuousness in determining bird num-bers along roadsides in Tennessee. The roadside censusis used as a method of determining relative abundanceand not absolute abundance. Variability of roadside cen-Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXIV,197067Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 24 [1970], Art. 25Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1970suses have been reported on by Peterle and Eherhardt(1958).An Annual Progress Report, W-29- R ¦ 14(1966-67), conducted in Louisiana contains many road-side censuses taken in that state of both living and deadwildlifespecies including the cottontail rabbit. This tech-nique has been used for determining relative abundancefor a number of game species in many areas of theUnited States by wildlife biologists.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSSome of the censuses taken for this study were com-pleted by Bob R. Singleton and James R. Grissom, grad-uate students at Arkansas State University. Dr. MaxNickerson critically read the manuscript. The writers aregrateful for their assistance.METHODSA total count of species of wildlife mammals wastaken by automobile census during early morning andlate afternoon on highways in northeastern Arkansas.Counties where censuses were conducted included Clay,Greene, Craighead, Poinsett, and Jackson. Secondaryblacktop delta roads transversing slash-cleared agricult-ural areas were mainly utilized for this study. Thecensus period extended from September 1969 throughMarch 1970 .DESCRIPTION OF AREAAll of northeastern Arkansas is extensive delta withthe exception of Crowley's Ridge. The flat land reachesto the base of the Ouachita hills at the edge of NorthLittle Rock. It then continues north into southeasternMissouri and south into Louisiana without any naturalbreak. Crowley's Ridge runs for a distance of 200 milesfrom southeastern Missouri down to the MississippiRiver at Helena, Arkansas. Accounts of the geology ofCrowley's Ridge are given by Call (1889). Magill (1958)summarized the various theories concerning the origjnof the ridge.DISCUSSION AND RESULTSLowland deciduous woods in northeastern Arkansasare being destroyed at a rapid rate by slash clearance.These once swampy areas are being drained and clearedfor fields to be planted in cotton, soybeans, and rice.Destruction of swampy woods has decreased wildlifehabitats over this vast area of the state for most speciesof mammals so that many are forced into poor coveralong the edge of the roadside where one of their great-est dangers is the automobile.Mortality of wildlife species, caused by the auto-mobile, is not an entire loss to the area in terms of en-ergy loss within the biotic community. These dead mam-mals are eaten by species of hawks and the CommonCrow. There is a large population of Red-tailed Hawksin northeastern Arkansas during the fall and wintermonths. Many of these can be observed from the road-side perched on a tree or telephone pole. During earlymorning hours on several occasions, the Common Crowwas observed feeding on dead rabbits killed by auto-mobiles. It is apparent that one of the greatest enemiesof the cottontail rabbit, opossum, and skunk is the auto-mobile.During this census 10,025 miles were driven and atotal of 438 dead mammals were counted. The averagemammal kill per 100 miles was 4.37 (Table 1). Twelvespecies of mammals were recorded as roadside kill.Theseincluded 263 rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus and Sylvila-gus aquaticus), 108 opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) 42skunks (Mephitis mephitis), eight gray squirrels (Sciuruscaralinensus), six raccoons (Procyon lotor), four mus-krats (Ondatra zibethicus), two fox squirrels (Sciurusniger), two Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus), one cottonrat (Sigmodon hispidus), one red fox (Vulpes fulva),and one coyote (Canis latrans).TABLE 1. ROADSIDE CENSUS OF TOTAL MAMMALKILL FROM SEPTEMBER 1969 TO MARCH 1970E C---XMONTH NO. Ml. TOTAL KILL g £ M 9 J £ 2? £ « & cTRAVELED PER 100 Ml. | | | g | g||*| "g f §* f ~September 686 3.79 5 15 4 - 2October 987 5.27 23 23 3 2 1November 1458 5.76 50 21 9 3 1December 1809 5.31 83 4 4 1 3 1January 1750 1.71 23 7 1-11February 2041 3.43 33 20 12 ....March 1294 6.18 41 21 10 - 4 4Total 10025 4.37 263 108 42 6 4 2 8 11 2 168 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXIV, 197068Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 24 [1970], Art. 25http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol24/iss1/25Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXIV, 1970 69Total mammal killper 100 miles was highest duringMarch with an average of 6.18 per 100 miles, and thelowest counts were in January with an average of 1.71per 100 miles. The January low count possibly reflectsless movement of opossums and skunks as they are notas active during the colder weather. The rabbit countof 23 for January was also lower than other censusmonths. Early low counts of rabbit mortality duringSeptember and October may be accounted for in partbecause of large acreage of crops and cover remainingin most fields. As these areas are harvested, much ofthe cover is destroyed forcing the rabbits to move aboutin search of better cover.SUMMARYA roadside census of mammal kill was conducted innortheastern Arkansas from September 1969 throughMarch 1970. Some 10,025 miles were driven, and atotal of 438 dead mammals were censused. An averageof 4.37 mammals were killed per 100 miles. Twelvespecies of mammals were recorded as roadside killswith rabbits having the greatest mortality.CITED LITERATUREtnual Progress Report, W-29-R-14. 1966-67. A Pitt-man-Robertson Project. Louisiana StatewideWildlife Investigations. Louisiana Wildlife andFisheries Commission, Baton Rouge, La. 155p.til, Richard Ellsworth. 1891. Crowley's Ridge. Ark.Geol. Surv. Ann. Report 2:22.Dice, Lee R. 1938. Some census methods for mammals.J. Witdl. Mgmt. 2: 119-130.Dice, Lee R. 1952. Natural communities. Univ. of Michi-gan Press, Ann Arbor. 547p.Hendrickson, George O. 1939. Inventory methods forMearns cottontail. N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. Trans.4: 209-215.Howell, Joseph C. 1951. The roadside census as amethod of measuring bird populations. Auk. 68:334-357.Kendeigh, S. Charles. 1944. Measurements of bird popu-lations. Ecol. Monogr. 14: 69-106.Lord, Rexford D. Jr. 1959. Comparison of early morn-ing and spotlight roadside censuses for cotton-tails. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 23 (4): 458-60.Lord, Rexford D. Jr. 1961. Seasonal changes in road-side activity of cottontails. J. Wildl. Mgmt.25(2): 206-209.Magill, Arthur C. 1958. Geography and geology of thesoutheast Missouri lowlands. Ramfre Press, CapeGirardeau, Mo. 62p.Newman, D. E. 1959. Factors influencing the winterroadside count of cottontail. J. Wildl. Mgmt.23(3): 290-294.Nice, Margaret M., and L. B. Nice. 1921. The roadsidecensus. Wilson Bull. 33: 113-123.Peterle, T. J. and L. Eherhardt. 1959. Is the Lincolnindex reliable for cottontail census. Trans. 24th.N. Amer. Wildl. Conf. 261-271.Wight, H. M. 1959. Eleven years of rabbit populationdata in Missouri. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 23(1): 34-39.Notes on the Habitat and Distribution of theOdonata of Franklin County, Arkansasby Jim HoustonWestark Junior College, Fort Smith, Arkansas 72901INTRODUCTION(There is no publication dealing with the OdonataArkansas on a state-wide basis. Information on odo-:es in this state is scattered in the literature, and itusually found only in broad regional works with onlyidental mention of Arkansas.The ranges of a few species are listed as extendingto Arkansas by Hagen (1861), and by Muttkowski(1910). Needham and Heywood (1929) list six speciesof Odonata for the State, and Needham and Westfall(1955) list eleven species of the Anisoptera.The most significant contributions on Arkansas Odo-nata are a list included in "Predaceous insects, spiders,and mites of Arkansas cotton fields", by Whitcomb andBell (1964), which includes twenty-six species of the69Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 24 [1970], Art. 25Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1970

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Road-Kill Census of Mammals in Northeastern Arkansas

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