Harp, George L.

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of ScienceVolume 39 Article 371985Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of ArkansasGeorge L. HarpArkansas State UniversityFollow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaasPart of the Entomology CommonsThis article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able toread, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking priorpermission from the publisher or the author.This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the ArkansasAcademy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu, ccmiddle@uark.edu.Recommended CitationHarp, George L. (1985) "Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 39 , Article 37.Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/37130 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985General NotesLITERATURE CITEDFARRIS, J. L.,and G. L.HARP. 1982. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof three acid bogs onCrowley's Ridge innortheast Arkansas. Proc.Ark. Acad. Sci. 36:23-27.HARP, G. L., and P. A. HARP. 1980. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci.34:115-117.HUGGINS, J. A., and G. L.HARP. 1983. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof the Hiatt Prairie region, Franklin County, Arkansas. Proc. Ark.Acad. Sci. 37:92-94.FOTI, T. L.1974. Natural divisions ofArkansas, p. 15. In: ArkansasNatural Area Plan. Ark. Dept. Planning, LittleRock. 248 p.FROESCHNER, R. C. 1962. Contributions to a synopsis of theHemiptera of Missouri, Part V.Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae,Saldidae, Ochteridae, Gelastocoridae, Naucoridae, Belostomatidae,Nepidae, Notonectidae, Pleidae, Corixidae. Amer. Midi. Natur.67(l):208-240.HUNGERFORD, H. B. 1920. The biology and ecology ofaquatic andsemiaquatic Hemiptera. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 11:1-328.HUNGERFORD, H. B. 1922. The Nepidae in North America northof Mexico. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 14:425-469.GONSOULIN, G. J. 1975. Seven families of aquatic and semiaquatichemiptera in Louisiana. Part V. Family Nepidae Latreille, 1802."Water Scorpions". Ent. News 86('/2):23-32.WILSON, C. A. 1958. Aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera ofMississippi. Tulane Stud. Zool. 6(3): 116-170.GEORGE L.HARP, Dept. ofBiological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467.A SYNOPSIS OF THE HYDROMETRIDAE OF ARKANSASInformation pertaining to the Hydrometridae (marsh treaders) ofArkansas is restricted to their infrequent listing among aquatic macroinvertebratesfrom particular sites within the state (Harp and Harp, 1980; Farris and Harp, 1982; Huggins and Harp, 1983). The purposes of this paper areto report the occurrence of a second hydrometrid species in Arkansas, to delineate the distribution of both species, and to state their preferredhabitats, insofar as current knowledge willallow. Froeschner's (1962) key to Missouri species is suitable for identification ofArkansas' species as well.The data presented are a synthesis of the contributions from all the sources listed in the Acknowledgments, pertinent published records, andmaterials collected by myself. The museum collections at the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville and -LittleRock have been examined. The specimensIcollected are preserved in 70% ethanol and housed in the Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Collection of the Arkansas State University Museum ofZoology (ASUMZ).The state's most common marsh treader, Hydrometra martini Kirkaldy, was first listed by Farris and Harp (1982). Huggins and Harp (1983)also listed this species. To date 150 collections have provided 376 specimens from44 counties (Fig. 1). The collection site is known for approximate-ly85% of this material. The plasticity ofH. martini is evidenced by several observations. First, although approximately one-third of the individualshave been collected from ponds and another one-third from creeks, the remaining individuals have been collected from springs, rivers, ditches,lakes, swamps, acid bogs, acid bauxite lakes and sewage lagoons, in order of decreasing frequency of collection. Further, they have been takenfrom creeks in all fivenatural divisions, as defined by Foti (1974). Wilson (1958) reported that in Mississippi H. martini was collected most com-monly inclear, shady streams, ponds covered withemergent vegetation, shallow drainage canals, roadside borrow pits covered with vegetation,and shady Lemna-co\ered sloughs in swamps.Of the 364 adults in this study, 294 (81%) were macropterous. Sprague (1956) reported that between 1-3% of the adult specimens sheexamined from Kansas, Michigan and Massachusetts were macropterous. European investigators have found brachypterous and apterous formsofsome species ofGerridae to be more common in the north, macropterous forms in the south. They correlated wing form with temperature (Sprague,1956). Itis not a matter of temperature strictly withH. martini. Macropterous forms were collected every month of the year, and apterous formswere collected during March and from May through November. There is no correlation between the macropterous:apterous ratios and monthlymean temperatures, either in this study or that by Sprague (1956). Itmay be that latitude was the initial triggering mechanism, but that the frequen-cy of the two forms is now determined genetically.Twelve early instar nymphs were collected in this study, three inMay, six in June, and three inOctober. Sprague (1956) noted that in northernstates this species has three generations per year withadults hibernating. Froeschner (1962) found adults in Missouri from 28 Aprilthrough 8 Oc-tober. Nymphs can be expected to be found most of the year in Arkansas, since Hungerford (1920) has observed that under favorable conditionsthe complete life cycle requires approximately 15 days.This paper documents the occurrence of one additional malsh treader species in Arkansas, Hydrometra hungerfordi Bueno. Its presence isestablished with 15 collections totalling 20 individuals (Fig. 2). Itis obviously an uncommon species, and itmay be more restricted as to preferredhabitat. All15 collections are from streams: seven from Ozark streams (tributary ofFourche River in Randolph Co., Eleven Point R., Dry Creektributary of Eleven Point R., South Fork of Spring R., North Sylamore Creek, and Hell Creek - twice), two from Ouachita streams (MountainFork of LittleRed R. and Cove Creek) and six from the intervening Arkansas River Valley (Prairie, or Hiatt Creek). Wilson (1958) reported thecollection of this species in Mississippi to be generally from cool, clear, shady streams and ponds, and shady clear, spring-fed seepage areas atthe base of hills. Froeschner (1962) reported that less than 12 specimens had been collected in Missouri, all from the Ozarks.Of the 20 H. hungerfordi collected in Arkansas, all have been apterous. These were collected in March and from May through November.Wilson (1958) reported their being collected in Mississippi during February and from July through October. Froeschner (1962) reported collectionsof Missouri specimens from 17 March through 26 May.A third marsh treader may be found inArkansas. Drake and Hottes (1952) reported collections ofHydrometra wileyae Hungerford fromFlorida, Mississippi, Texas and Kansas. Herring (1951) collected this species in Florida only from calcareous streams which were characterizedby clear, cold water derived from huge springs of a calcareous nature.130Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 37Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1985Arkansas Academy of ScienceL ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIgratefully acknowledge the contributions of Harvey E. Barton (ASU Entomological Museum), Robert T. Allen (UA-Fayetteville Entomological Museum), and John Rickett (UA-LittleRock Entomological Museum).LITERATURE CITEDDRAKE, C. J., and F. C. HOTTES. 1952. Distributional and sy-nonymical data and descriptions of two new Hydrometra(Hemiptera: Hydrometridae). J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 25(3): 106-1 10.FARRIS, J. L.,and G. L.HARP. 1982. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof three acid bogs onCrowley's Ridge innortheast Arkansas. Proc.Ark. Acad. Sci. 36:23-27.FOTI, T. L.1974. Natural divisions ofArkansas, p. 15. IN: ArkansasNatural Area Plan. Ark. Dept. Planning, Little Rock. 248 p.FROESCHNER, R. C. 1962. Contributions to a synopsis of theHemiptera ofMissouri, Part V. Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae,Saldidae, Ochteridae, Gelastocoridae, Naucoridae, Belostomatidae,Nepidae, Notonectidae, Pleidae, Corixidae. Am. Midi. Natur.67(l):208-240.HARP, G. L., and P. A. HARP. 1980. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci.34:115-117.HERRING, J. L. 1951. The aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera ofnorthern Florida. IV,Classification of habitats and keys to species.Fla. Ent. 34:146-161.HUGGINS, J. A.,and G. L.HARP. 1983. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof the Hiatt Prairie region, Franklin County, Arkansas. Proc. Ark.Acad. Sci. 37:92-94.HUNGERFORD, H. B. 1920. The biology and ecology of aquatic andsemiaquatic Hemiptera. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 11:1-328.SPRAGUE, I.B. 1956. The biology and morphology of Hydrometramartini Kirkaldy. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 38:579-693.WILSON, C. A. 1958. Aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera ofMississippi. Tulane Stud. Zool. 6(3):1 16-170.GEORGE L. HARP, Department ofBiological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467.FURTHER DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR ARKANSAS ANISOPTERAHarp and Rickett (The dragonflies [Anisoptera] of Arkansas, Proc. Ark.Acad. Sci., 31:50-54, 1977) reviewed earlier literature concerningArkansas Anisoptera and reported 84 species for the state. Dunkle (New records ofNorth American Odonata, Ent. News, 94:136-138, 1983) addedone species, and Harp (New and unusual records of Arkansas Anisoptera, United States, Notul. odonatol., 2[2]:26-27, 1983) added six speciesbut deleted two reported by Harp and Rickett (1977), bringing the state list at that time to 89. The purposes of this paper are to make currentboth the Arkansas Anisoptera species list and the distribution records of each species by county.The majority ofnew distributional information reported herein derives fromcollections by the authors. Supplementing this have been specimensand records transmitted to us by several considerate supporters. Two species are reported for Arkansas for the first time. Gomphurus modestusNeedham was collected on the Saline R. at U.S. Hwy 70, approximately 4 mi SW Dierks, Howard County, on 20-VI-84. Brechmorhoga mendaxArkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985 131 131Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 37http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/37

Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas

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Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 39 Article 37 1985 Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas George L. Harp Arkansas State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas  Part of the Entomology Commons Recommended Citation Harp, George L. (1985) "Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 39 , Article 37. Available at: https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/37 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This General Note is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact scholar@uark.edu. 130 Arkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985General NotesLITERATURE CITEDFARRIS, J. L.,and G. L.HARP. 1982. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof three acid bogs onCrowley's Ridge innortheast Arkansas. Proc.Ark. Acad. Sci. 36:23-27.HARP, G. L., and P. A. HARP. 1980. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci.34:115-117.HUGGINS, J. A., and G. L.HARP. 1983. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof the Hiatt Prairie region, Franklin County, Arkansas. Proc. Ark.Acad. Sci. 37:92-94.FOTI, T. L.1974. Natural divisions ofArkansas, p. 15. In: ArkansasNatural Area Plan. Ark. Dept. Planning, LittleRock. 248 p.FROESCHNER, R. C. 1962. Contributions to a synopsis of theHemiptera of Missouri, Part V.Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae,Saldidae, Ochteridae, Gelastocoridae, Naucoridae, Belostomatidae,Nepidae, Notonectidae, Pleidae, Corixidae. Amer. Midi. Natur.67(l):208-240.HUNGERFORD, H. B. 1920. The biology and ecology ofaquatic andsemiaquatic Hemiptera. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 11:1-328.HUNGERFORD, H. B. 1922. The Nepidae in North America northof Mexico. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 14:425-469.GONSOULIN, G. J. 1975. Seven families of aquatic and semiaquatichemiptera in Louisiana. Part V. Family Nepidae Latreille, 1802."Water Scorpions". Ent. News 86('/2):23-32.WILSON, C. A. 1958. Aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera ofMississippi. Tulane Stud. Zool. 6(3): 116-170.GEORGE L.HARP, Dept. ofBiological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467.A SYNOPSIS OF THE HYDROMETRIDAE OF ARKANSASInformation pertaining to the Hydrometridae (marsh treaders) ofArkansas is restricted to their infrequent listing among aquatic macroinvertebratesfrom particular sites within the state (Harp and Harp, 1980; Farris and Harp, 1982; Huggins and Harp, 1983). The purposes of this paper areto report the occurrence of a second hydrometrid species in Arkansas, to delineate the distribution of both species, and to state their preferredhabitats, insofar as current knowledge willallow. Froeschner's (1962) key to Missouri species is suitable for identification ofArkansas' species as well.The data presented are a synthesis of the contributions from all the sources listed in the Acknowledgments, pertinent published records, andmaterials collected by myself. The museum collections at the University of Arkansas-Fayetteville and -LittleRock have been examined. The specimensIcollected are preserved in 70% ethanol and housed in the Aquatic Macroinvertebrate Collection of the Arkansas State University Museum ofZoology (ASUMZ).The state's most common marsh treader, Hydrometra martini Kirkaldy, was first listed by Farris and Harp (1982). Huggins and Harp (1983)also listed this species. To date 150 collections have provided 376 specimens from44 counties (Fig. 1). The collection site is known for approximate-ly85% of this material. The plasticity ofH. martini is evidenced by several observations. First, although approximately one-third of the individualshave been collected from ponds and another one-third from creeks, the remaining individuals have been collected from springs, rivers, ditches,lakes, swamps, acid bogs, acid bauxite lakes and sewage lagoons, in order of decreasing frequency of collection. Further, they have been takenfrom creeks in all fivenatural divisions, as defined by Foti (1974). Wilson (1958) reported that in Mississippi H. martini was collected most com-monly inclear, shady streams, ponds covered withemergent vegetation, shallow drainage canals, roadside borrow pits covered with vegetation,and shady Lemna-co\ered sloughs in swamps.Of the 364 adults in this study, 294 (81%) were macropterous. Sprague (1956) reported that between 1-3% of the adult specimens sheexamined from Kansas, Michigan and Massachusetts were macropterous. European investigators have found brachypterous and apterous formsofsome species ofGerridae to be more common in the north, macropterous forms in the south. They correlated wing form with temperature (Sprague,1956). Itis not a matter of temperature strictly withH. martini. Macropterous forms were collected every month of the year, and apterous formswere collected during March and from May through November. There is no correlation between the macropterous:apterous ratios and monthlymean temperatures, either in this study or that by Sprague (1956). Itmay be that latitude was the initial triggering mechanism, but that the frequen-cy of the two forms is now determined genetically.Twelve early instar nymphs were collected in this study, three inMay, six in June, and three inOctober. Sprague (1956) noted that in northernstates this species has three generations per year withadults hibernating. Froeschner (1962) found adults in Missouri from 28 Aprilthrough 8 Oc-tober. Nymphs can be expected to be found most of the year in Arkansas, since Hungerford (1920) has observed that under favorable conditionsthe complete life cycle requires approximately 15 days.This paper documents the occurrence of one additional malsh treader species in Arkansas, Hydrometra hungerfordi Bueno. Its presence isestablished with 15 collections totalling 20 individuals (Fig. 2). Itis obviously an uncommon species, and itmay be more restricted as to preferredhabitat. All15 collections are from streams: seven from Ozark streams (tributary ofFourche River in Randolph Co., Eleven Point R., Dry Creektributary of Eleven Point R., South Fork of Spring R., North Sylamore Creek, and Hell Creek - twice), two from Ouachita streams (MountainFork of LittleRed R. and Cove Creek) and six from the intervening Arkansas River Valley (Prairie, or Hiatt Creek). Wilson (1958) reported thecollection of this species in Mississippi to be generally from cool, clear, shady streams and ponds, and shady clear, spring-fed seepage areas atthe base of hills. Froeschner (1962) reported that less than 12 specimens had been collected in Missouri, all from the Ozarks.Of the 20 H. hungerfordi collected in Arkansas, all have been apterous. These were collected in March and from May through November.Wilson (1958) reported their being collected in Mississippi during February and from July through October. Froeschner (1962) reported collectionsof Missouri specimens from 17 March through 26 May.A third marsh treader may be found inArkansas. Drake and Hottes (1952) reported collections ofHydrometra wileyae Hungerford fromFlorida, Mississippi, Texas and Kansas. Herring (1951) collected this species in Florida only from calcareous streams which were characterizedby clear, cold water derived from huge springs of a calcareous nature.130Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 37Published by Arkansas Academy of Science, 1985Arkansas Academy of ScienceLACKNOWLEDGMENTSIgratefully acknowledge the contributions of Harvey E. Barton (ASU Entomological Museum), Robert T. Allen (UA-Fayetteville Entomological Museum), and John Rickett (UA-LittleRock Entomological Museum).LITERATURE CITEDDRAKE, C. J., and F. C. HOTTES. 1952. Distributional and sy-nonymical data and descriptions of two new Hydrometra(Hemiptera: Hydrometridae). J. Kans. Ent. Soc. 25(3): 106-1 10.FARRIS, J. L.,and G. L.HARP. 1982. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof three acid bogs onCrowley's Ridge innortheast Arkansas. Proc.Ark. Acad. Sci. 36:23-27.FOTI, T. L.1974. Natural divisions ofArkansas, p. 15. IN: ArkansasNatural Area Plan. Ark. Dept. Planning, Little Rock. 248 p.FROESCHNER, R. C. 1962. Contributions to a synopsis of theHemiptera ofMissouri, Part V. Hydrometridae, Gerridae, Veliidae,Saldidae, Ochteridae, Gelastocoridae, Naucoridae, Belostomatidae,Nepidae, Notonectidae, Pleidae, Corixidae. Am. Midi. Natur.67(l):208-240.HARP, G. L., and P. A. HARP. 1980. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof Wapanocca National Wildlife Refuge. Proc. Ark. Acad. Sci.34:115-117.HERRING, J. L. 1951. The aquatic and semiaquatic Hemiptera ofnorthern Florida. IV,Classification of habitats and keys to species.Fla. Ent. 34:146-161.HUGGINS, J. A.,and G. L.HARP. 1983. Aquatic macroinvertebratesof the Hiatt Prairie region, Franklin County, Arkansas. Proc. Ark.Acad. Sci. 37:92-94.HUNGERFORD, H. B. 1920. The biology and ecology of aquatic andsemiaquatic Hemiptera. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 11:1-328.SPRAGUE, I.B. 1956. The biology and morphology of Hydrometramartini Kirkaldy. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 38:579-693.WILSON, C. A. 1958. Aquatic and semi-aquatic Hemiptera ofMississippi. Tulane Stud. Zool. 6(3):1 16-170.GEORGE L. HARP, Department ofBiological Sciences, Arkansas State University, State University, AR 72467.FURTHER DISTRIBUTIONAL RECORDS FOR ARKANSAS ANISOPTERAHarp and Rickett (The dragonflies [Anisoptera] of Arkansas, Proc. Ark.Acad. Sci., 31:50-54, 1977) reviewed earlier literature concerningArkansas Anisoptera and reported 84 species for the state. Dunkle (New records ofNorth American Odonata, Ent. News, 94:136-138, 1983) addedone species, and Harp (New and unusual records of Arkansas Anisoptera, United States, Notul. odonatol., 2[2]:26-27, 1983) added six speciesbut deleted two reported by Harp and Rickett (1977), bringing the state list at that time to 89. The purposes of this paper are to make currentboth the Arkansas Anisoptera species list and the distribution records of each species by county.The majority ofnew distributional information reported herein derives fromcollections by the authors. Supplementing this have been specimensand records transmitted to us by several considerate supporters. Two species are reported for Arkansas for the first time. Gomphurus modestusNeedham was collected on the Saline R. at U.S. Hwy 70, approximately 4 mi SW Dierks, Howard County, on 20-VI-84. Brechmorhoga mendaxArkansas Academy of Science Proceedings, Vol. XXXIX,1985 131 131Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 39 [1985], Art. 37https://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol39/iss1/37

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Synopsis of the Hydrometridae of Arkansas

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